Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 1783 in total

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  1. [ON SOME INDO-MALAYAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ORTALIA MULS. (COLEOPTERS, COCCINELLIDAE)]
    BIELAWSKI R
    Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol, 1965;13:21-8.
    PMID: 14298847
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  2. Five new species of Cleruchus from the Oriental region and report of Anaphes quinquearticulatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from India
    Manickavasagam S, Triapitsyn SV, Palanivel S
    Zootaxa, 2018 Feb 26;4387(1):134-156.
    PMID: 29690489 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4387.1.6
    An overview of the Oriental species of Cleruchus Enock (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is given, and its five newly described species as well as one undescribed species from Malaysia are keyed. The described new taxa are C. funiculatus Manickavasagam Palanivel sp. n., C. indicus Manickavasagam Palanivel sp. n. and C. orientalis Manickavasagam Palanivel sp. n., all from India, C. blimp Triapitsyn sp. n. from Brunei, and C. pmilb Triapitsyn sp. n. from Thailand. Anaphes quinquearticulatus Huber Triapitsyn is newly reported from India.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  3. Molpa: A newly recorded genus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China
    Wu C, Yang Z, Liu CX, Zong C
    Zootaxa, 2017 Dec 20;4365(5):585-589.
    PMID: 29686191 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4365.5.5
    The genus Molpa Walker was previously considered to be disjunctly distributed in broad-leaf rain forests in India and Malaysia. Here we report one new species Molpa dulongensis sp. nov. from subtropic broad-leaf rain forests in southwestern Yunnan Province in China. This is a part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot area. So we can infer that Molpa is continuously distributed in broad-leaf rain forests found in Oriental Region. Redescription of the genus Molpa and description of the new species Molpa dulongensis sp. nov. are provided. The types are deposited in Insect Collection of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS).
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  4. Transgender health in India and Pakistan
    Ming LC, Hadi MA, Khan TM
    Lancet, 2016 11 26;388(10060):2601-2602.
    PMID: 27894657 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32222-X
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  5. An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the tribe Scelimenini Bolívar, 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Scelimena species from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra
    Muhammad AA, Tan MK, Abdullah NA, Azirun MS, Bhaskar D, Skejo J
    Zootaxa, 2018 Sep 25;4485(1):1-70.
    PMID: 30313773 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4485.1.1
    Pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae) are a speciose group of complicated taxonomy, with many species requiring clarification on their species boundaries, and more still awaiting discovery. Two new species of Scelimena Serville, 1838 are described: (1) from S. discalis species group S. gombakensis sp. nov. and (2) from S. hexodon species group Scelimena marta sp. nov. Catalogue of Scelimenini genera (15) and species (100) is presented and taxonomy and biogeography of the tribe are discussed. New and resurrected combinations are: Falconius becvari (Buzzetti Devriese, 2008) comb. nov. (of Gavialidium becvari), Gavialidium carli Hebard, 1930 comb. resurr. (of Bidentatettix carli), Indoscelimena india (Hancock, 1907) comb. nov. (of Scelimena india), Paragavialidium nodiferum (Walker, 1871) comb. nov. (of Platygavialidium nodiferum), Platygavialidium productum (Walker, 1871) comb. nov. (of Gavialidium productum), Scelimena hexodon (Haan, 1843) comb. resurr. (of Hexocera hexodon), Scelimena rosacea (Hancock, 1915) comb. resurr. (of Amphibotettix rosaceus), Tegotettix bufocrocodil (Storozhenko Dawwrueng, 2015) comb. nov. (of Gavialidium bufocrocodil). New synonyms are: Gavialidium phangensum Mahmood, Idris Salmah, 2007 syn. nov. (of Eufalconius pendleburyi), Gavialidium philippinum Bolívar, 1887 syn. nov. (of Platygavialidium productum comb. nov.), Hexocera Hancock, 1915 syn. nov. (of Scelimena), Paracriotettix Liang, 2002 syn. nov. (of Scelimena), Paracriotettix zhengi Liang, 2002 syn. nov. (of Scelimena melli), Scelimena mellioides Deng, 2016 syn. nov. (of Scelimena melli), Scelimena wuyishanensis Deng, 2016 syn. nov. (of Platygavialidium sinicum). The genus Scelimena is divided into six species groups. Eucriotettix neesoon Tan Storozhenko nom. nov. is new name for homonym Eucriotettix guentheri Tan Storozhenko, 2017. Finally, a tabular key to 15 Scelimenini genera, based on 16 morphological characters, is presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  6. Oriental macropterous leaf-mimic pygmy grasshoppers-genera Oxyphyllum and Paraphyllum (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) and their taxonomic assignment
    Skejo J, Gupta SK, Chandra K, Panhwar WA, Franjević D
    Zootaxa, 2019 May 01;4590(5):zootaxa.4590.5.3.
    PMID: 31716074 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.5.3
    There are numerous pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae) that exhibit leaf-like appearance. Leaf-mimic species can be found mainly in the subfamily Cladonotinae (tribes Cladonotini, Xerophyllini). Two leaf-mimic pygmy grasshopper species found in India, Pakistan (Oxyphyllum pennatum Hancock, 1909) and Borneo (Paraphyllum antennatum Hancock, 1913) are the only macropterous leaf-like species of Asia and were traditionally assigned to subfamily Cladonotinae. Our study present new records of these species, as well as updated descriptions. Oxyphyllum pennatum is recorded for the first time from Chhattisgarh (Central India), and furthermore, records from Pakistan were reviewed and confirmed. Paraphyllum antennatum is reported from a few localities in the mountains of Borneo (East Malaysia). New records found in online social media (Flickr, iNaturalist) were implemented. Brachypronotal specimens of P. antennatum are reported. After comparison with Cladonotini and Xerophyllini members, we conclude that Oxyphyllum and Paraphyllum should not be regarded Cladonotinae members. Traditional assignment was based on superficial resemblance to leaf-like Cladonotinae genera (e.g. Phyllotettix, Hymenotes, Holoarcus, Xerophyllum). However, comparison of morphological characters reveals that Oxyphyllum shares morphology with Tetriginae genera, while Paraphyllum shares morphology with Asian Metrodorinae. Here, we assign the genus Oxyphyllum to Tetriginae and the genus Paraphyllum to Metrodorinae.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  7. Fulltext UHC Primary Health Care Self-Assessment Tool. Summary Report from Five Country Pilots.  
    Adyas A, Akazili J, Awoonor-Williams J, Dalingjong P, Ellangovan KK, Ismail MS, et al.
    Citation: Adyas A, et al. UHC Primary Health Care Self-Assessment Tool. Joint Learning Network for Universal Health Coverage: Primary Health Care
    Technical Initiative; 2016
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  8. Prediction of lead seven day minimum and maximum surface air temperature using neural network and genetic programming
    K. Ramesh, P. Ramalakshmi, R. Anitha
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1389-1396.
    The determination of variance of surface air temperature is very essential since it has a direct impact on vegetation, environment and human livelihood. Forecast of surface air temperature is difficult because of the complex physical phenomenon and the random-like behavior of atmospheric system which influences the temperature event on the earth surface. In this study, forecast models based on artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic programming (GP) approaches were proposed to predict lead seven days minimum and maximum surface air temperature using the weather parameters observed at the station Chennai, India. The outcome of this study stated that models formulated using ANN approach are more accurate than genetic programming for all seven days with the highest coefficient of determination (R2), least mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) on deployment with independent test dataset. ANN models give statistically acceptable mean absolute error of 0.59oC for lead day one in minimum temperature forecast and 0.86oC variance for lead day one in maximum temperature forecast. The study also clarified that the level of accuracy of the proposed prediction models were found to be better for smaller lead days when compared with higher lead days with both approaches.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  9. Review of the leafhopper genus Kalasha Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Hylicinae)
    Tang J, Zhang Y
    Zootaxa, 2019 Jan 17;4545(3):408-418.
    PMID: 30790908 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.3.5
    The Oriental leafhopper genus Kalasha Distant is reviewed with redescriptions and photos of all known species, and two new species are described and illustrated. The female ovipositor of K. nativa Distant is described and photographed. Kalasha sondaica Jacobi, 1914 is proposed as a junior synonym of K. nativa Distant, 1908. A key to species of the genus is provided. Kalasha nativa Distant, originally described from India (Assam), is recorded from Malaysia, Thailand and Viet Nam for the first time, also representing the first records of the genus from Malaysia and Thailand.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  10. Fulltext Response to Commentary by Adriaan van Es
    Das AK
    Indian J Med Ethics, 2020 5 13;V(2):151.
    PMID: 32393445 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2020.043
    I would like to thank Dr Adriaan Van Es for his commentary (1) on my article (2). To start with, let me make one thing clear: I am not sure why he thinks that I am condoning the practice of penal amputation. As I clearly state in my conclusion, the arguments that may (or may not) justify penal amputation are abhorrent in liberal societies. We are on the same side here. But what of those who live in less secular societies where religious faith may be unquestioned? In my opinion, van Es has resorted to a typical example of a tortured form of ethical logic (3), which researchers from countries that have different value systems and different problems have deplored, albeit in a different context.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  11. A circular economy model for waste management in India
    Kamble CB, Raju R, Vishnu R, Rajkanth R, Pariatamby A
    Waste Manag Res, 2021 Nov;39(11):1427-1436.
    PMID: 34494917 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X211029159
    Management of waste is one of the major challenges faced by many developing countries. This study therefore attempts to develop a circular economy (CE) model to manage wastes and closing the loop and reducing the generation of residual wastes in Indian municipalities. Through extant literature review, the researchers found 30 success factors of CE implementation. Using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) SIMOS approach, the rating and weight of decision makers (DMs) for each factor were collected. A structured questionnaire has been developed incorporating all these 30 factors, to extract the most important factors. The data was collected from top 10 officials (DMs) from the Chennai municipality, who handle three regions (metropolitan, suburbia and industrial). Based on the TOPSIS SIMOS analysis, nine CE implementing factors (critical success factors (CSFs)) among the 30 variables that were significant based on the cut-off value was identified. A CE model has been proposed based on these nine CSFs for waste management in India.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  12. Trade-related water scarcity risk under the Belt and Road Initiative
    Wang L, Li Y, Liang S, Xu M, Qu S
    Sci Total Environ, 2021 Dec 20;801:149781.
    PMID: 34467898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149781
    Increasing trade cooperation under the Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative has promoted economic development and intensified the water scarcity risk transmission between China and countries along the route (B&R countries). Local water scarcity risk (LWSR, the potential direct production losses induced by local water scarcity) can transcend geographical boundaries through global supply chains and influence production activities in downstream economies. To understand the vulnerability of the Initiative to water scarcity, we investigated the impacts of LWSR in China and B&R countries on each other's economies during 2001-2013, using a global environmentally extended multi-regional input-output model. Results reveal that more than 80% of China's trade-related water scarcity risk imports (TWSR imports, the vulnerability to foreign water scarcity risk through imports) originates from B&R countries. The share of TWSR from China in total imports of B&R countries has steadily increased. In particular, India, Thailand, Iran, Pakistan and Kazakhstan have the largest TWSR exports (LWSR in each nation transmitted to other nations through its exports) to China, while South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia have the largest imports from China. Water scarcity to their Agriculture sectors is responsible for TWSR transmission between them. Our study can contribute to the policy-making of governments and firms involved in mitigating the supply chain wide water scarcity risk. It also reveals the need for nations to collectively manage water resources to achieve sustainable development.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  13. Healthcare Delivery through Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Study from a Tertiary Care Center in South India
    D'Souza B, Suresh Rao S, Hisham S, Shetty A, Sekaran VC, Pallagatte MC, et al.
    Hosp Top, 2021 02 02;99(4):151-160.
    PMID: 33528313 DOI: 10.1080/00185868.2021.1875277
    The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated medical centers across the world to deliver healthcare through telemedicine. We discuss the adoption, delivery of telemedicine services at a tertiary care center and patient satisfaction involving 456 patients in south India. Most respondents had sought telemedicine care at the department of Medicine (16.23%). The maximum satisfaction was reported by patients in OBG (100%). The responses were generally positive across all the age groups. The paper offers insights on best practices adopted at the center, lessons learnt, and provides recommendations for health care systems offering telemedicine during COVID-19 times.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  14. Isotopic signatures to address the groundwater recharge in coastal aquifers
    Chidambaram S, Panda B, Keesari T, Prasanna MV, Singh DK, Ramanathan AL
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2022 Jan;174:113273.
    PMID: 35090268 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113273
    The dynamics of the coastal aquifers are well-expressed by geochemical and isotopic signatures. Coastal regions often exhibit complex groundwater recharge pattern due to the influence of depression in the Bay of Bengal, tidal variations on surface waters, saline water intrusion and agricultural return flows. In this research, groundwater recharge processes occurring in coastal Tamil Nadu, South India were evaluated using major ion chemistry and environmental isotopes. A total of 170 groundwater samples were collected from shallow and deep aquifers during both post-monsoon (POM) and pre-monsoon (PRM) seasons. The isotopic results showed a wide variation in the shallow groundwater, suggesting contribution from multiple recharge sources. But, the deeper groundwater recharge is mainly from precipitation. The northern part of the study area showed more depleted isotopic values, which rapidly changed towards south from -6.8 to -4.4‰. Alternatively, central and southern parts exhibited relatively enriched isotopic content with variation from -0.58 to -2.7‰. Groundwater was discerned to be brackish to saline with chloride content, 600-2060 mgL-1 and δ18O ranging from -5.8 to -4.5‰, suggesting influence of the saline water sources. A minor influence of anthropogenic activities was also observed in the deeper groundwater during PRM, which was confirmed by tritium and Cl- trends. The old groundwater with depleted isotopic content infer recharged by distant sources while modern groundwater with enriched isotopes points to the influence of evaporated recharge.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  15. Estimating the Cost of Thalassemia Care across the World: A Thalassemia International Federation Model
    Eleftheriou A, Antoniou E, Darbà J, Ascanio M, Angastiniotis M, Farmakis D
    Hemoglobin, 2022 Nov;46(6):308-311.
    PMID: 36847683 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2023.2167657
    Estimating the cost of thalassemia care is important for the optimization of care planning, resource allocation and the empowerment of patient advocacy. However, available evidence is heterogeneous, reflecting diverse healthcare systems and cost estimation methods. We sought to build a globally applicable cost model for thalassemia care. We followed a three-step approach, including (i) a targeted literature review to identify previous cost-of-illness studies on thalassemia; (ii) a generic model development based on the main determinants of cost in different countries emerged from a literature review and validated by a team of medical experts; (iii) a piloting of the model using data from two diverse countries. The literature review revealed studies focusing on the total costs of thalassemia care or the cost or cost-effectiveness of specific treatment or prevention modalities in high- and low-prevalence countries across the world. The resulting evidence was used to build a model that calculates total annual therapy cost based on entry of country-level and patient-level data, and data on healthcare modalities, indirect costs and prevention. Testing the model using published data from the UK, Iran, India and Malaysia, revealed an annual cost per patient of £81,796.00 for the UK, Iranian rial (IRR) 13,757.00 for Iran, Indian rupee (INR) 166,750.00 for India and Malyasian ringgit (or dollar) (MYR) 111,372.00 for Malaysia. A globally applicable model that calculates total annual cost of thalassemia care was built based on existing evidence. The model successfully predicted the annual cost of thalassemia care in the UK, Iran, India and Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  16. Visualization Analysis of Medicinal Mushrooms Research Topic Based on Web of Science
    Yuan BZ, Sun J
    Int J Med Mushrooms, 2023;25(1):29-44.
    PMID: 36734917 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2022046684
    This study analyzed 1,739 papers on medicinal mushrooms published from 1999 to July 18, 2022 based on Web of Science (WoS). Papers were mainly written in English (1,733, 99.655%), from 6,502 authors, 92 countries or territories, 1,862 organizations and published in 311 journals and 3 book series. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms published 1,069 (61.472%) papers. Top 5 countries or regions were P.R. China, India, Taiwan, USA, and Malaysia; each published more than 87 papers. From the average citations, papers from Ukraine, Israel, Netherlands, Serbia, and Thailand show the highest citations per paper (more than 22.9 times per paper). The top five affiliations were Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Malaya, University of Haifa, National Chung Hsing University, and Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, each with more than 49 papers. Top five authors are Wasser SP, Hyde KD, Mau JL, Sabaratnam V, Yang Y; each published more than 26 papers. The paper with the most was Wasser SP in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (2002), which has 1442 citations and the average number of citations is 68.67 times per year. Based on the ESI database, there are 13 top papers with 13 highly cited papers and 1 hot paper. All keywords in medicinal mushrooms research were separated into ten clusters according to different research topics. The results will help researchers clarify the current situation and provide guidance for future research.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  17. Occurrence and health risk assessment of arsenic and heavy metals in groundwater of three industrial areas in Delhi, India
    Alsubih M, El Morabet R, Khan RA, Khan NA, Ul Haq Khan M, Ahmed S, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Nov;28(44):63017-63031.
    PMID: 34218378 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15062-3
    Groundwater is a primary natural water source in the absence of surface water bodies. Groundwater in urban environments experiences unprecedented stress from urban growth, population increase, and industrial activities. This study assessed groundwater quality in terms of arsenic and heavy metal contamination in three industrial areas (Shahdara, Jhilmil, and Patparganj), Delhi, India. The water quality was assessed over a 3-year time interval (i.e., 2015 and 2018). The groundwater constituents investigated were As, Fe, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Pb. Metal index and heavy metal pollution indexes were estimated to assess groundwater pollution. The health risk was evaluated in terms of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment. Patparganj industrial area saw increment in concentration for Cu 0.23 mg/L (2015)-0.85 mg/L (2018), Zn 0.51 mg/L (2015)-7.2 mg/L (2018), Fe 0.32 mg/L (2015)-0.9 mg/L (2018), Cr 0.21 mg/L (2015)-0.26 mg/L (2018), Mn 0.14 mg/L (2015)-0.25 mg/L (2018), Ni 0.04 mg/L (2015)-0.34 mg/L (2018), and As 0.01 mg/L (2015)-0.18 mg/L (2018). Cd and Pb concentrations were observed to decrease by 40-90 % and 85-99% for all the three industrial areas. Metal index and heavy metal index values were found to be >1 for all locations. The risk quotient value > 1 was observed for all locations in the year 2015 but was found to increase further to a range of RQ 10-62 in the year 2018, inferring increased non-carcinogenic risk to consumers. The carcinogenic risk was significant with respect to Fe (0.2-0.7), Zn (0.001-0.007), and As (0.002-0.003) for all locations in the year 2015. This study concludes that groundwater in the three industrial areas is highly polluted and is not fit for human consumption. Further studies are required to explore possible control measures and develop methods to mitigate groundwater pollution, sustainable management, and optimized use to conserve it for future generations.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  18. Determinants of economic growth and environmental sustainability in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation: evidence from panel ARDL
    Khan SAR, Yu Z, Sharif A, Golpîra H
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 Dec;27(36):45675-45687.
    PMID: 32803598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10410-1
    Considering the importance of green economic growth and environmental sustainability in the discussion, it is crucial to understand its critical contributing factors and to draw results implications for the green policy. This research used the data of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member countries for a period from 2005 to 2017. It adopted the panel autoregressive distributed lag technique to examine the hypotheses. The findings revealed that environmental sustainability is strongly and positively associated with national scale-level green practices, including renewable energy, regulatory pressure, and eco-friendly policies, and sustainable use of natural resources. Conversely, in our model, the "regulatory pressure" has an insignificant effect on economic growth. A necessary contribution of the present study is that a positive effect of green practices on national scale economic and environmental variables, particularly in the scenario of SAARC member states, can be noticed. At the end of the present study, we have provided policy implications for regulatory authorities and discussed potential areas for future research.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  19. Fulltext Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer
    Im SA, Gennari A, Park YH, Kim JH, Jiang ZF, Gupta S, et al.
    ESMO Open, 2023 Jun;8(3):101541.
    PMID: 37178669 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101541
    The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) was published in 2021. A special, hybrid guidelines meeting was convened by ESMO and the Korean Society of Medical Oncology (KSMO) in collaboration with nine other Asian national oncology societies in May 2022 in order to adapt the ESMO 2021 guidelines to take into account the differences associated with the treatment of MBC in Asia. These guidelines represent the consensus opinions reached by a panel of Asian experts in the treatment of patients with MBC representing the oncological societies of China (CSCO), India (ISMPO), Indonesia (ISHMO), Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), the Philippines (PSMO), Singapore (SSO), Taiwan (TOS) and Thailand (TSCO). The voting was based on the best available scientific evidence and was independent of drug access or practice restrictions in the different Asian countries. The latter were discussed when appropriate. The aim of these guidelines is to provide guidance for the harmonisation of the management of patients with MBC across the different regions of Asia, drawing from data provided by global and Asian trials whilst at the same time integrating the differences in genetics, demographics and scientific evidence, together with restricted access to certain therapeutic strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  20. Affordability of newer antiseizure medications in Asian resource-limited countries
    Fong SL, Thuy Le MA, Lim KS, Khosama H, Ohnmar O, Savath S, et al.
    Epilepsia, 2023 Aug;64(8):2116-2125.
    PMID: 37243851 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17668
    OBJECTIVE: One of the objectives of the Intersectoral Global Action Plan on epilepsy and other neurological disorders for 2022 to 2031 is to ensure at least 80% of people with epilepsy (PWE) will have access to appropriate, affordable, and safe antiseizure medications (ASMs) by 2031. However, ASM affordability is a significant issue in low- and middle-income countries, preventing PWE from accessing optimal treatment. This study aimed to determine the affordability of the newer (second and third generation) ASMs in resource-limited countries in Asia.

    METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey by contacting country representatives in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, including Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Myanmar, Philippines, Vietnam, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, and the upper-middle-income country Malaysia, from March 2022 to April 2022. The affordability of each ASM was calculated by dividing the 30-day ASM cost by the daily wage of the lowest paid unskilled laborers. Treatment costing 1 day's wage or less for a 30-day supply of chronic disease is considered affordable.

    RESULTS: Eight LMICs and one upper-middle-income country were included in this study. Lao PDR had no newer ASM, and Vietnam had only three newer ASMs. The most frequently available ASMs were levetiracetam, topiramate, and lamotrigine, and the least frequently available was lacosamide. The majority of the newer ASMs were unaffordable, with the median number of days' wages for a 30-day supply ranging from 5.6 to 14.8 days.

    SIGNIFICANCE: All new generation ASMs, whether original or generic brands, were unaffordable in most Asian LMICs.

    Matched MeSH terms: India
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