Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 588 in total

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  1. Fulltext Revisiting the Taxonomic Status of the Biomedically and Industrially Important Genus Amycolatopsis, Using a Phylogenomic Approach
    Sangal V, Goodfellow M, Blom J, Tan GYA, Klenk HP, Sutcliffe IC
    Front Microbiol, 2018;9:2281.
    PMID: 30319584 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02281
    Strains belonging to the genus Amycolatopsis are well known for the production of a number of important antimicrobials and other bioactive molecules. In this study, we have sequenced the genomes of five Amycolatopsis strains including Amycolatopsis circi DSM 45561T, Amycolatopsis palatopharyngis DSM 44832T and Amycolatopsis thermalba NRRL B-24845T. The genome sequences were analyzed with 52 other publically available Amycolatopsis genomes, representing 34 species, and 12 representatives from related genera including Saccharomonospora, Saccharopolyspora, Saccharothrix, Pseudonocardia and Thermobispora. Based on the core genome phylogeny, Amycolatopsis strains were subdivided into four major clades and several singletons. The genus Amycolatopsis is homogeneous with only three strains noted to group with other genera. Amycolatopsis halophila YIM93223T is quite distinct from other Amycolatopsis strains, both phylogenetically and taxonomically, and belongs to a distinct genus. In addition, Amycolatopsis palatopharyngis DSM 44832T and Amycolatopsis marina CGMCC4 3568T grouped in a clade with Saccharomonospora strains and showed similar taxogenomic differences to this genus as well as other Amycolatopsis strains. The study found a number of strains, particularly those identified as Amycolatopsis orientalis, whose incorrect identification could be resolved by taxogenomic analyses. Similarly, some unclassified strains could be assigned with species designations. The genome sequences of some strains that were independently sequenced by different laboratories were almost identical (99-100% average nucleotide and amino acid identities) consistent with them being the same strain, and confirming the reproducibility and robustness of genomic data. These analyses further demonstrate that whole genome sequencing can reliably resolve intra- and, inter-generic structures and should be incorporated into prokaryotic systematics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  2. Fulltext Stingless bee honey and its potential value: a systematic review
    Yaacob, M., Rajab N.F., Shahar, S., Sharif, R.
    Food Research, 2018;2(2):124-133.
    MyJurnal
    Modern science has found that most traditional practice of using stingless bee honey has
    great potential as an added value in modern medicine and considered to have a higher
    medicinal value than other bee species. However, due to the relatively low output of honey
    compared to other honey so, focus on this honey is limited. Hence, this systematic review
    provides the updated result on the potential value of stingless bee honey as an antioxidant,
    anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial. The search strategy was developed in
    four databases (Scopus, Medline and Ovid, EMBASE and PubMed) with the search terms
    "("honey" and "Kelulut", "honey" and "stingless bee", "honey" and "Trigona", "honey"
    and "pot honey", and "honey" and "Melipon")". The merged data was assessed using
    PRISMA guidelines and after the duplicates were removed, 1271 articles were segregated.
    Afterwards, 1232 articles were eliminated because they do not meet the inclusion criteria
    and 39 articles were reevaluated again for eligibility. Finally, after the evaluation process,
    only 26 of the articles were chosen for this review. The data of 26 articles of stingless bee
    honey were deliberated based on antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity
    and analysis of antimicrobial activity. Three articles reported on antioxidant properties,
    one article on anti-inflammatory analysis, two articles on cytotoxicity analysis, and twenty
    articles on analysis of antimicrobial activity. Based on the feasible affirmation from the
    literature, stingless bee honey has an antioxidant capacity that able to decrease the ROS.
    ROS able to lead a variety of health problems thus stingless bee honey can be a dietary
    supplement to overcome this problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  3. Isolation of lactobacillus from periodontally healthy subjects and its antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens
    Azizah Ahmad Fauzi, Zaleha Shafiei, Badiah Baharin, Nurulhuda Mohd
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:19-24.
    Bacteriocin or Bacteriocin like inhibitory substances (BLIS) is a protein antibiotic that has a relatively narrow spectrum of killing activity. It could potentially serve as a natural alternative to antibiotics in reducing the development of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of the strains of Lactobacillus sp. isolated from healthy subjects (test strains) against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and other periodontal pathogens (indicator strains) isolated from subgingival plaques of aggressive periodontitis patients were determined by using deferred antagonism test and agar-well diffusion method. Strains of Lactobacillus sp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteria were selectively isolated from TJA, TSBV and TSBA agars, respectively. Mean diameter zone of inhibition of at least 10 mm was considered as positive results for both methods. Out of 25 strains of Lactobacillus sp. screened, only eight test strains of Lactobacillus sp. showed the specific antimicrobial activity against certain strains of indicator periodontal pathogens during deferred antagonism test. However, out of eight potential strains, only three strains, which were Lactobacillus sp. strain S, Lactobacillus sp. strain V and Lactobacillus sp. strain W consistently showed positive inhibitory activity against black pigmented bacteria by deferred antagonism test and agar-well diffusion method. Therefore, these three strains should be considered as potential BLIS producer strains for further study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  4. Fulltext Design, synthesis and biological profile of heterocyclic benzimidazole analogues as prospective antimicrobial and antiproliferative agents
    Tahlan S, Kumar S, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Shah SAA, Mani V, et al.
    BMC Chem, 2019 Dec;13(1):50.
    PMID: 31384798 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0567-x
    Background: Nitrogen containing heterocycles are widely used and investigated by pharmaceutical industry, as they are important in discovery and designing of new drug molecules. Drugs with a benzimidazole nucleus possess exclusive structural features and electron-rich atmosphere, which enable them to bind to a number of biologically important targets and result in a wide range of activities. This has served as the basis of the present study whereby new scaffolds with benzimidazole moiety were designed and synthesized.

    Methods: The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by physicochemical and spectral means. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities by tube dilution and Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays, respectively.

    Results and conclusion: The in vitro biological screening results revealed that compound Z24 exhibited promising antimicrobial and anticancer activities which are comparable to standards.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  5. Manganese disulfide-silicon dioxide nano-material: Synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies
    Ashraf MA, Peng WX, Fakhri A, Hosseini M, Kamyab H, Chelliapan S
    J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol., 2019 Sep;198:111579.
    PMID: 31401316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111579
    The sol-gel/ultrasonically rout produced the novel MnS2-SiO2 nano-hetero-photocatalysts with the various ratio of MnS2. Prepared nano-catalyst were investigated in the photo-degradation of methylene blue under UV light illumination. Structural and optical attributes of as-prepared nano-catalysts were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphological were studied by scanning electron microscopy-EDS, and dynamic light scattering. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was applied to examine the band gap energy. The Eg values of SiO2, MnS2-SiO2-0, MnS2-SiO2-1, and MnS2-SiO2-2 nanocomposites are 6.51, 3.85, 3.17, and 2.67 eV, respectively. The particle size of the SiO2 and MnS2-SiO2-1 nanocomposites were 100.0, and 65.0 nm, respectively. The crystallite size values of MnS2-SiO2-1 were 52.21 nm, and 2.9 eV, respectively. MnS2-SiO2 nano-photocatalyst was recognized as the optimum sample by degrading 96.1% of methylene blue from water. Moreover, the influence of pH of the solution, and contact time as decisive factors on the photo-degradation activity were investigated in this project. The optimum data for pH and time were found 9 and 60 min, respectively. The photo-degradation capacity of MnS2-SiO2-2 is improved (96.1%) due to the low band gap was found from UV-vis DRS. The antimicrobial data of MnS2-SiO2 were studied and demonstrated that the MnS2-SiO2 has fungicidal and bactericidal attributes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/chemical synthesis; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry*
  6. Fulltext A review on chitosan and its development as pulmonary particulate anti-infective and anti-cancer drug carriers
    Rasul RM, Tamilarasi Muniandy M, Zakaria Z, Shah K, Chee CF, Dabbagh A, et al.
    Carbohydr Polym, 2020 Dec 15;250:116800.
    PMID: 33049807 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116800
    Chitosan, as a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, is characterized by anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties. It lately has received a widespread interest for use as the pulmonary particulate backbone materials of drug carrier for the treatment of infectious disease and cancer. The success of chitosan as pulmonary particulate drug carrier is a critical interplay of their mucoadhesive, permeation enhancement and site/cell-specific attributes. In the case of nanocarriers, various microencapsulation and micro-nano blending systems have been devised to equip them with an appropriate aerodynamic character to enable efficient pulmonary aerosolization and inhalation. The late COVID-19 infection is met with acute respiratory distress syndrome and cancer. Chitosan and its derivatives are found useful in combating HCoV and cancer as a function of their molecular weight, substituent type and its degree of substitution. The interest in chitosan is expected to rise in the next decade from the perspectives of drug delivery in combination with its therapeutic performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry*
  7. Fulltext Anti-biofilm potential and mode of action of Malaysian plant species: a review
    Nur Anisah Johari, Siti Sarah Diyana Amran, Alya Nur Athirah Kamaruzzaman, Che Amira Izzati Che Man, Mohd Fakharul Zaman Raja Yahya
    Science Letters, 2020;14(2):34-46.
    MyJurnal
    Biofilm is a microbial community that attaches to a surface and is enclosed in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. Formation of biofilm often develops resistance towards a wide spectrum of antimicrobial agents. Since the biofilm-mediated diseases are commonly difficult to treat, there is need to find new anti-biofilm agent. The studies on anti-biofilm activities of plant species have received a great deal of attention over the last few decades. In Malaysia, plant species have been used as alternatives to the conventional antimicrobial therapy. Several Malaysian plant species are known to control biofilm infection by inhibition of quorum sensing pathway, disruption of EPS matrix, alteration of cell permeability and reduction in cell surface hydrophobicity. This review demonstrates that Malaysian plant species may become excellent therapeutic agents in combating the biofilm infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  8. Plant Bioactive Peptides: Current Status and Prospects Towards Use on Human Health
    Chai TT, Ee KY, Kumar DT, Manan FA, Wong FC
    Protein Pept Lett, 2021;28(6):623-642.
    PMID: 33319654 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999201211195936
    Large numbers of bioactive peptides with potential applications in protecting against human diseases have been identified from plant sources. In this review, we summarized recent progress in the research of plant-derived bioactive peptides, encompassing their production, biological effects, and mechanisms. This review focuses on antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer peptides, giving special attention to evidence derived from cellular and animal models. Studies investigating peptides with known sequences and well-characterized peptidic fractions or protein hydrolysates will be discussed. The use of molecular docking tools to elucidate inter-molecular interactions between bioactive peptides and target proteins is highlighted. In conclusion, the accumulating evidence from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies to date supports the envisioned applications of plant peptides as natural antioxidants as well as health-promoting agents. Notwithstanding, much work is still required before the envisioned applications of plant peptides can be realized. To this end, future researches for addressing current gaps were proposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  9. Fulltext Linum usitatissimum as an antimicrobial agent and a potential natural healer: A review
    Ummu Afifah Fadzir, Deny Susanti Darnis, Basma Ezzat Mustafa, Khairani Idah Mokhtar
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2018;13(2):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    Linum usitatissimum commonly known as flaxseed is one of the oldest crops traditionally cultivated
    mainly for its oil purposes. Flaxseed is widely known for its rich source of nutritive and bioactive compounds. Recently, it has gained considerable interest due to the potential health benefits attributed to its component of metabolites, including its antimicrobial properties. Two main components of flaxseed, the unsaturated fatty acids and lignan, are suggested as the main metabolites that exhibit antimicrobial activities. This paper aims to give an overview on fatty acid and phenolic compound in flaxseed and their possible activities as antimicrobial agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  10. Fulltext Distribution of plant species with potential therapeutic effect in area of the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Kuala Pilah campus
    Rosli Noormi, Raba’atun Adawiyah Shamsuddin, Anis Raihana Abdullah, Hidayah Yahaya, Liana Mohd Zulkamal, Muhammad Amar Rosly, et al.
    Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2020;8(2):48-57.
    MyJurnal
    Knowledge of species richness and distribution is decisive for the composition of conservation areas. Plants typically contain many bioactive compounds are used for medicinal purposes for several disease treatment. This study aimed to identify the plant species distribution in area of UiTM Kuala Pilah, providing research scientific data and to contribute to knowledge of the use of the plants as therapeutic resources. Three quadrat frames (1x1 m), which was labeled as Set 1, 2 and 3 was developed, in each set consists of 4 plots (A, B, C and D). Characteristics of plant species were recorded, identified and classified into their respective groups. Our findings show that the most representative classes were Magnoliopsida with the total value of 71.43%, followed by Liliopsida (17.86%) and Lecanoromycetes (10.71%). A total of 28 plant species belonging to 18 families were identified in all sets with the largest family of Rubiaceae. The most distribution species are Desmodium triflorum, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Flavoparmelia caperata, Xanthoria elegans and Phlyctis argena. Most of the plant possesses their potential to treat skin diseases, fever, ulcers and diabetes as well as digestive problems with their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study suggests that study site and plant species can be delineated as an important area to preserve these therapeutic resources. Finally, this study could also be useful for preliminary screening of potential therapeutic plant found in the study area and useful for the researchers in the pursuit of novel drug discovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  11. Antimicrobial screening of plants used for traditional medicine in the state of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia
    Wiart C, Mogana S, Khalifah S, Mahan M, Ismail S, Buckle M, et al.
    Fitoterapia, 2004 Jan;75(1):68-73.
    PMID: 14693223
    Seventy-two extracts (methanol) obtained from the leaves, barks, and roots of 50 plant species used in the traditional medicine of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia, have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Peristrophe tinctoria, Polyalthia lateriflora, Knema malayana, Solanum torvum, Celosia argentea, Eclipta prostrata, Ancistrocladus tectorius, Dillenia suffruticosa, Piper stylosum and Rafflesia hasseltii displayed the broadest spectrum of activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
  12. Opantimycin A, a new metabolite isolated from Streptomyces sp. RK88-1355
    Nogawa T, Okano A, Lim CL, Futamura Y, Shimizu T, Takahashi S, et al.
    J Antibiot (Tokyo), 2017 02;70(2):222-225.
    PMID: 27599762 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.113
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/metabolism; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry
  13. Fulltext Candidate Essential Genes in Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 Identified by Genome-Wide TraDIS
    Wong YC, Abd El Ghany M, Naeem R, Lee KW, Tan YC, Pain A, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2016;7:1288.
    PMID: 27597847 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01288
    Burkholderia cenocepacia infection often leads to fatal cepacia syndrome in cystic fibrosis patients. However, antibiotic therapy rarely results in complete eradication of the pathogen due to its intrinsic resistance to many clinically available antibiotics. Recent attention has turned to the identification of essential genes as the proteins encoded by these genes may serve as potential targets for development of novel antimicrobials. In this study, we utilized TraDIS (Transposon Directed Insertion-site Sequencing) as a genome-wide screening tool to facilitate the identification of B. cenocepacia genes essential for its growth and viability. A transposon mutant pool consisting of approximately 500,000 mutants was successfully constructed, with more than 400,000 unique transposon insertion sites identified by computational analysis of TraDIS datasets. The saturated library allowed for the identification of 383 genes that were predicted to be essential in B. cenocepacia. We extended the application of TraDIS to identify conditionally essential genes required for in vitro growth and revealed an additional repertoire of 439 genes to be crucial for B. cenocepacia growth under nutrient-depleted conditions. The library of B. cenocepacia mutants can subsequently be subjected to various biologically related conditions to facilitate the discovery of genes involved in niche adaptation as well as pathogenicity and virulence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  14. Fulltext Ozone- A Biological Therapy in Dentistry- Reality or Myth?????
    Naik SV, K R, Kohli S, Zohabhasan S, Bhatia S
    Open Dent J, 2016;10:196-206.
    PMID: 27386005 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010196
    The usage of ozone in dentistry has been proposed because of its antimicrobial, disinfectant, biocompatibility and healing properties. In the last decade a number of therapeutic protocols with ozone have been developed to address common dental infections associated with periodontal disease, RCT and caries. Despite these advantages, therapeutic ozone's application in dentistry is limited because of its possible side effects. Hence, dental practitioners need to know the proper usage of ozone therapy that can provide better patient care and considerably cut down the time and cost of the treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  15. Fulltext Antimicrorobial evaluation of sodium hypochlorite and ozonated water on E. faecalis biofilm
    Ibrahim, N.Z., Abdullah, M.
    Ann Dent, 2008;15(1):20-26.
    MyJurnal
    This study aim to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ozonated water against Enterococci faecalis biofilm. The bacterial biofilm was exposed to 2.62%, 1.31% NaOCl and 0.1 ppm ozonated water over a range of time periods. The presence of viable cells was determined by enumeration of colony forming units (CFU). All experiments were repeated four times (n=4). The effectiveness of the agents was compared using nonparametric Kruskal- Wallis test. The result revealed that 2.62% of NaOCl can completely kill E. faecalis biofilm in 15 minutes whereas 1.31 % NaOCl required a longer time to produce such effect. 0.1 ppm ozonated, however, did not exhibit any antimicrobial effect within the period of time tested. From this study, it can be concluded that 0.1 ppm ozonated water was not comparable with 2.62% and 1.31% NaOCl in antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis biofilm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  16. Fulltext Antioxidant properties of raw garlic (Allium sativum) extract
    Rahman, M.M., Fazlic, V, Saad, N.W.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(2):589-591.
    MyJurnal
    Garlic has been a favorite additive in food for many years in various cultures. It is known that garlic
    (Allium sativum) possesses antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antimutagenic, antiplatelet and antihyperlipidemic
    properties. Allicin, a thiosulfinate extract of garlic, has been presumed to be a very strong antioxidant. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of raw garlic extract was not conclusive to determine allicin’s presence. However, using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging methods to determine the antioxidant activity of raw garlic extract shows a color change from deep violet to yellow, indicating antioxidant activity. Thus, raw garlic can be a source of antioxidant based on the results of the DPPH scavenging analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  17. Comparison of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. occurrence in two types of retail chicken samples
    Tang, J.Y.H., Mohamad Ghazali, F., Saleha, A.A., Nishibuchi, M., Son, R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(3):277-288.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study is to compare the occurrence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in chicken retail at wet markets and hypermarkets. Campylobacter contaminations in chicken samples from wet market (70.7%) were comparatively lower than chicken samples sold in hypermarket (91.4%). Of the 77 Campylobacter isolates, 59 (76.6%) were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 18 (23.4%) isolates were identified as C. coli. All Campylobacterisolates are multi-resistant to the antimicrobial agents. Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline (92.2%) and erythromycin (98.7%). This study concluded that chicken samples from both wet market and hypermarket were contaminated with Campylobacter, most of which are antimicrobial-resistant strains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  18. Fulltext The Adverse Effect Of Formalin: A Warning Against Mishandling
    Lian, C.B., Ngeow, W.C.
    Ann Dent, 2000;7(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Formalin is a clear solution of 37% formaldehyde in water. It is used in dentistry as a disinfectant, antiseptic and mainly as tissue fixative for preserving biologic specimens for histopathologic examination. The human knowledge on systemic formaldehyde intoxication is inadequate as only few cases of formalin ingestion have been reported. This paper presents a brief communication of the adverse effect of formalin to the human tissue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents, Local
  19. Fulltext Aseptic abscess syndrome associated with traveler's diarrhea after a trip to Malaysia
    Panos Z, Giannopoulos G, Papangeli E, Antalis E, Pavli A, Spathis A, et al.
    IDCases, 2016;6:23-5.
    PMID: 27672562 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2016.09.001
    The first, to our knowledge, case of the aseptic abscesses syndrome as a complication of traveler's diarrhea after a trip to Malaysia is presented. The patient failed to respond to several antimicrobials. The diagnosis was histologically confirmed and the patient only responded to immunomodulatory therapy with corticosteroids and methotrexate. Travel physicians should be aware of this entity reviewed herein in the context of traveler's diarrhea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  20. Fulltext Evaluation of the Estimation Capability of Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network for the Optimization of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances Production by Lactococcus lactis Gh1
    Jawan R, Abbasiliasi S, Tan JS, Kapri MR, Mustafa S, Halim M, et al.
    Microorganisms, 2021 Mar 12;9(3).
    PMID: 33809201 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030579
    Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) produced by Lactococcus lactis Gh1 had shown antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313. Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth is used for the cultivation and enumeration of lactic acid bacteria, but there is a need to improve the current medium composition for enhancement of BLIS production, and one of the approaches is to model the optimization process and identify the most appropriate medium formulation. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were employed in this study. In medium optimization, ANN (R2 = 0.98) methodology provided better estimation point and data fitting as compared to RSM (R2 = 0.79). In ANN, the optimal medium consisted of 35.38 g/L soytone, 16 g/L fructose, 3.25 g/L sodium chloride (NaCl) and 5.40 g/L disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4). BLIS production in optimal medium (717.13 ± 0.76 AU/mL) was about 1.40-fold higher than that obtained in nonoptimised (520.56 ± 3.37 AU/mL) medium. BLIS production was further improved by about 1.18 times higher in 2 L stirred tank bioreactor (787.40 ± 1.30 AU/mL) as compared to that obtained in 250 mL shake flask (665.28 ± 14.22 AU/mL) using the optimised medium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
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