Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 1049 in total

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  1. Polypharmacy and falls in older people: Balancing evidence-based medicine against falls risk
    Zia A, Kamaruzzaman SB, Tan MP
    Postgrad Med, 2015 Apr;127(3):330-7.
    PMID: 25539567 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2014.996112
    The term polypharmacy has negative connotations due to its association with adverse drug reactions and falls. This spectrum of adverse events widens when polypharmacy occurs among the already vulnerable geriatric population. To date, there is no consensus definition of polypharmacy, and diverse definitions have been used by various researchers, the most common being the consumption of multiple number of medications. Taking multiple medications is considered a risk factor for falls through the adverse effects of drug-drug or drug-disease interactions. Falls studies have determined that taking ≥ 4 drugs is associated with an increased incidence of falls, recurrent falls, and injurious falls. In light of existing evidence, careful and regular medication reviews are advised to reduce the effect of polypharmacy on falls. However, intervention studies on medication reviews and their effectiveness on falls reduction have been scarce. This article reviews and discusses the evidence behind polypharmacy and its association with falls among older individuals, and highlights important areas for future research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  2. Fulltext Family support and loneliness among older persons in multiethnic Malaysia
    Teh JK, Tey NP, Ng ST
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:654382.
    PMID: 25383374 DOI: 10.1155/2014/654382
    This study investigates factors affecting older persons' state of loneliness in multiethnic Malaysia using data from the 2004 Malaysian Population and Family Survey, the first nationally representative sample in Malaysia. The study sample was extracted to include Malays, Chinese, Indians and other Indigenous groups aged 60 and above, and who had children (n = 1791). Cross tabulations and ordinal logistic regression methods were used in the analysis. Among the ethnic groups, older Malays were more likely than their Chinese and Indian counterparts to experience loneliness. Loneliness was found to be associated with age, marital status, education level, sources of income, health status, and physical limitations. Among older people, feelings of loneliness were inversely related with coresidence with adult children and participation in religious activities. Sociodemographic changes have eroded the traditional family support system for the elderly, while social security remains inadequate. This study shows the important role of family in alleviating loneliness among older people. Hence the need to promote and facilitate coresidence, as well as participation in religious activities, and a healthy lifestyle as a priority strategy is in line with the objectives of the National Policy for the Older People.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  3. Fulltext The emergence of sex differences in personality traits in early adolescence: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural study
    De Bolle M, De Fruyt F, McCrae RR, Löckenhoff CE, Costa PT, Aguilar-Vafaie ME, et al.
    J Pers Soc Psychol, 2015 Jan;108(1):171-185.
    PMID: 25603371 DOI: 10.1037/a0038497
    Although large international studies have found consistent patterns of sex differences in personality traits among adults (i.e., women scoring higher on most facets), less is known about cross-cultural sex differences in adolescent personality and the role of culture and age in shaping them. The present study examines the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) informant ratings of adolescents from 23 cultures (N = 4,850), and investigates culture and age as sources of variability in sex differences of adolescents' personality. The effect for Neuroticism (with females scoring higher than males) begins to take on its adult form around age 14. Girls score higher on Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness at all ages between 12 and 17 years. A more complex pattern emerges for Extraversion and Agreeableness, although by age 17, sex differences for these traits are highly similar to those observed in adulthood. Cross-sectional data suggest that (a) with advancing age, sex differences found in adolescents increasingly converge toward adult patterns with respect to both direction and magnitude; (b) girls display sex-typed personality traits at an earlier age than boys; and (c) the emergence of sex differences was similar across cultures. Practical implications of the present findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  4. Fulltext Does food insufficiency in childhood contribute to dementia in later life?
    Momtaz YA, Haron SA, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R, Masud J
    Clin Interv Aging, 2015;10:49-53.
    PMID: 25565786 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S69220
    Despite several studies attempting to identify the risk factors for dementia, little is known about the impact of childhood living conditions on cognitive function in later life. The present study aims to examine the unique contribution of food insufficiency in childhood to dementia in old age.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  5. Fulltext Epidemiology of intestinal polyparasitism among Orang Asli school children in rural Malaysia
    Al-Delaimy AK, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Nasr NA, Sady H, Atroosh WM, Nashiry M, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014 Aug;8(8):e3074.
    PMID: 25144662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003074
    This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the current prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal polyparasitism (the concurrent infection with multiple intestinal parasite species) among Orang Asli school children in the Lipis district of Pahang state, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  6. The value of comparing mortality of Guillain-Barré syndrome across different regions
    Wong AH, Umapathi T, Shahrizaila N, Chan YC, Kokubun N, Fong MK, et al.
    J Neurol Sci, 2014 Sep 15;344(1-2):60-2.
    PMID: 24993467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.06.021
    To study the clinical profile of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients who died in 4 Asian countries in order to understand factors underlying any variation in mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  7. Fulltext Cohort comparisons: emotional well-being among adolescents and older adults
    Momtaz YA, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R
    Clin Interv Aging, 2014;9:813-9.
    PMID: 24872683 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S61636
    There are several negative stereotypes about older adults that have negatively influenced people's attitude about aging. The present study compared emotional well-being between older adults and adolescents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  8. Fulltext PIK3CA gene amplification and PI3K p110α protein expression in breast carcinoma
    Firoozinia M, Zareian Jahromi M, Moghadamtousi SZ, Nikzad S, Abdul Kadir H
    Int J Med Sci, 2014;11(6):620-5.
    PMID: 24782652 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8251
    A family of PI3Ks is the lipid kinases, which enhance intracellular pools of phosphatidyl inositol 3,4,5-tri-phosphate (PIP3) through phosphorylating its precursor. Amplifications and deletions of genes, as well as somatic missense of the PIK3CA gene have been described in many human cancer varieties, including of the brain, colon, liver, lung and stomach. Immunohistochemistry and Real-time quantitative PCR tests were used to determine the PIK3CA gene amplification (gene copy number) and to detect protein expression, respectively. The results obtained were analysed and the ratio of PIK3CA to β-actin gene copy number was calculated. Positive gene amplification of PIK3CA was appointed as a copy number of ≥4. Also, PI3K p110α protein expression was scored from 0 to 3+ and the scores of 2+ and 3+ were considered as positive for PI3K p110α protein expression. We studied 50 breast carcinoma samples for PI3K p110α protein expression and PIK3CA gene copy numbers. In general, 36 out of 50 (72%) breast carcinoma samples showed a significant increase in PIK3CA gene amplification. 12 out of 50 (24%) showed positive staining, and 38 out of 50 (76%) showed negative staining for PI3K p110α expression. We have identified no significant relationship between PIK3CA amplification, race (p= 0.630) and histological type (p=0. 731) in breast carcinoma, but correlation of PIK3CA amplification and age showed a significant relationship (p=0. 003) between them. No significant relationship has been identified in correlation of PI3K p110α protein expression compared to age (p=0. 284), race (p=0. 546) and histological type (p=0. 285). Amplification of PIK3CA was frequent in breast carcinoma and occurs in stages of breast carcinoma. Our result shows that there is a relationship between gene amplification and age in breast carcinoma. We suggest that PIK3CA is significant in breast tumorigenesis serve as a prevalent mechanism contributes to the oncogenic activation pathway of PIK3CA in breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  9. Driving anger in Malaysia
    Sullman MJ, Stephens AN, Yong M
    Accid Anal Prev, 2014 Oct;71:1-9.
    PMID: 24863369 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.04.019
    The present study examined the types of situations that cause Malaysian drivers to become angry. The 33-item version of the driver anger scale (Deffenbacher et al., 1994) was used to investigate driver anger amongst a sample of 339 drivers. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit of the original six-factor model (discourtesy, traffic obstructions, hostile gestures, slow driving, illegal driving and police presence), after removing one item and allowing three error pairs to covary, was satisfactory. Female drivers reported more anger, than males, caused by traffic obstruction and hostile gestures. Age was also negatively related to five (discourtesy, traffic obstructions, hostile gestures, slow driving and police presence) of the six factors and also to the total DAS score. Furthermore, although they were not directly related to crash involvement, several of the six forms of driving anger were significantly related to the crash-related conditions of: near misses, loss of concentration, having lost control of a vehicle and being ticketed. Overall the pattern of findings made in the present research were broadly similar to those from Western countries, indicating that the DAS is a valid measure of driving anger even among non-European based cultures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  10. Fulltext Father absence and reproduction-related outcomes in Malaysia, a transitional fertility population
    Sheppard P, Snopkowski K, Sear R
    Hum Nat, 2014 Jun;25(2):213-34.
    PMID: 24610662 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-014-9195-2
    Father absence is consistently associated with children's reproductive outcomes in industrialized countries. It has been suggested that father absence acts as a cue to particular environmental conditions that influence life history strategies. Much less is known, however, about the effects of father absence on such outcomes in lower-income countries. Using data from the 1988 Malaysian Family Life Survey (n = 567), we tested the effect of father absence on daughters' age at menarche, first marriage, and first birth; parity progression rates; and desired completed family size in Malaysia, a country undergoing an economic and fertility transition. Father absence during later childhood (ages 8 to 15), although not during earlier childhood, was associated with earlier progressions to first marriage and first birth, after controlling for other confounders. Father absence does not affect age at menarche, desired family size, or progression from first to second birth. The patterns found in this transitional population partly mirror those in developed societies, where father absence accelerates reproductive events. There is, however, a notable contrast between the acceleration in menarche for father-absent girls consistently found in developed societies and the lack of any association in our findings. The mechanisms through which father absence affects reproduction may differ in different ecological contexts. In lower-income contexts, direct paternal investment or influence may be of more importance in determining reproductive behavior than whether fathers act as a cue to environmental conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  11. Comparison of total phenolic content, scavenging activity and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiles of both young and mature leaves and stems of Andrographis paniculata
    Chua LS, Yap KC, Jaganath IB
    Nat Prod Commun, 2013 Dec;8(12):1725-9.
    PMID: 24555283
    The total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of Andrographis paniculata has been investigated to estimate the amount of phenolic compounds and diterpene lactones, respectively in the plant extracts. The stem extracts exhibited higher total phenolic content and scavenging activity than those of the leaf extracts from both young and mature plants. A range of 19.6-47.8 mg extract of A. paniculata from different parts of the plant is equivalent to the scavenging activity exhibited by one mg of standard Trolox. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS was also used to identify simultaneously the phytochemicals from the leaves and stems of both young and mature plant samples. Of the identified compounds, seven of the sixteen diterpene lactones, three of the six flavonoids, five of the six phenolic acids and two cyclic acids are reported here for the first time for this species. Multivariate statistical approaches such as Hierarchiral Component Analysis (HCA) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) have clustered the plant extracts into the leaf and stem groups, regardless of plant age. Further classification based on the phytochemical profiles revealed that mostly phenolic acids and flavonoids were from the young leaf extracts, and diterpenoids and their glycosides from the mature leaf extracts. However, the phytochemical profiles for the stems of both young and mature plants were not significantly different as presented in the dendrogram of HCA and the score plot of PCA. The marker for mature plants might be the m/z 557 ion (dihydroxyl dimethyl 19-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-19-oxo-ent-labda-8(17),13-dien-16,15-olide), whereas the m/z 521 ion (propyl neoandrographolide) could be the marker for leaf extracts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  12. Fulltext Sleep disturbances in Malaysian children with cerebral palsy
    Atmawidjaja RW, Wong SW, Yang WW, Ong LC
    Dev Med Child Neurol, 2014 Jul;56(7):681-5.
    PMID: 24528212 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12399
    The aim of the study was to compare the frequency and type of sleep disturbances in a group of Malaysian children aged 4 to 18 years with cerebral palsy (CP) with their nearest-age, able-bodied siblings and to identify factors associated with sleep disturbances.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  13. Children's knowledge and beliefs about medicines
    Dawood OT, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Abdullah AC
    J Child Health Care, 2015 Mar;19(1):73-83.
    PMID: 23975718 DOI: 10.1177/1367493513496911
    Minor illnesses in children are often cured at home with over the counter medicines. Even though there is a wide use of medicines among children, they rarely receive medical advice about their medications from doctors or pharmacists. The aim of this study is to evaluate children's beliefs about medicines as well as to explain what children know about medicines. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from four primary schools in Penang Island, Malaysia. The target population of this research was schoolchildren of 11 and 12 years old regardless of their gender and social status. A self-administration questionnaire was used to obtain the data from schoolchildren and their parents. After including all schoolchildren in grades five and six, the total sample size was 1000 children in addition to 1000 parents. This study found that most children have inadequate knowledge and false beliefs about the efficacy of medicines. Children's beliefs about the efficacy of medicines were affected by their age group, gender and race (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  14. Fulltext Barriers of modern contraceptive practices among Asian women: a mini literature review
    Najafi-Sharjabad F, Zainiyah Syed Yahya S, Abdul Rahman H, Hanafiah Juni M, Abdul Manaf R
    Glob J Health Sci, 2013 Sep;5(5):181-92.
    PMID: 23985120 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v5n5p181
    Family planning has been cited as essential to the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Family planning has a direct impact on women's health and consequence of each pregnancy. The use of modern contraception among Asian women is less than global average. In Asia a majority of unintended pregnancies are due to using traditional contraceptive or no methods which lead to induced unsafe abortion. Cultural attitudes, lack of knowledge of methods and reproduction, socio demographic factors, and health service barriers are the main obstacles to modern contraceptive practice among Asian women. Culturally sensitive family planning program, reforming health system, and reproductive health education through mass media to create awareness of the benefits of planned parenthood are effective strategies to improve modern contraceptive practice among Asian women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  15. Fulltext Tobacco smoking and its association with illicit drug use among young men aged 15-24 years living in urban slums of Bangladesh
    Kabir MA, Goh KL, Kamal SM, Khan MM
    PLoS One, 2013;8(7):e68728.
    PMID: 23935885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068728
    Tobacco smoking (TS) and illicit drug use (IDU) are of public health concerns especially in developing countries, including Bangladesh. This paper aims to (i) identify the determinants of TS and IDU, and (ii) examine the association of TS with IDU among young slum dwellers in Bangladesh.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  16. Pattern of suicides in 2009: data from the National Suicide Registry Malaysia
    Ali NH, Zainun KA, Bahar N, Haniff J, Hamid AM, Bujang MA, et al.
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2014 Jun;6(2):217-25.
    PMID: 23857761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00227.x
    The National Suicide Registry Malaysia (NSRM) is a nationwide system that captures data on completed suicides in Malaysia from all forensic departments under the purview of the Ministry of Health Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  17. Psychometric properties of the self-report Malay version of the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQLTM) 4.0 Generic Core Scales among multiethnic Malaysian adolescents
    Ainuddin HA, Loh SY, Chinna K, Low WY, Roslani AC
    J Child Health Care, 2015 Jun;19(2):229-38.
    PMID: 24154841 DOI: 10.1177/1367493513504834
    Adolescence is the potential period for growth and optimal functioning, but developmental issues like time of transition from childhood to adulthood will create stress and affect the adolescent's quality of life (QOL). However, there is a lack of research tool for measuring adolescent's QOL in Malaysia. The aim of the study was to determine the validity and reliability of the self-report Malay version of the pediatric QOL (PedsQL™) 4.0 Generic Core Scales in assessing the QOL of Malaysian adolescents. A cross-sectional study design using the 23-item self-report Malay version of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales was administered on a convenient cluster sampling (n = 297 adolescent) from a secondary school. The internal consistency reliability had Cronbach's α values ranging from .70 to .89. Factor analysis reported a six-factor structure via principal axis factor analysis. In conclusion, the self-report Malay version of the pediatric QOL 4.0 Generic Core Scales is a reliable and valid tool to measure the QOL of multiethnic Malaysian adolescents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  18. Prescribing of antidiabetic therapies in Ireland: 10-year trends 2003-2012
    Zaharan NL, Williams D, Bennett K
    Ir J Med Sci, 2014 Jun;183(2):311-8.
    PMID: 24013870 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-013-1011-1
    BACKGROUND: Over the last decade there have been significant changes in the prescribing of antidiabetic therapies. It is of interest to know about these trends and variations in the Irish population so that future prescribing patterns can be estimated.

    AIMS: To examine the trends in prescribed antidiabetic treatments, including variations across age, gender, socioeconomic status and regions in the Irish population over the last 10 years.

    METHODS: The Irish national pharmacy claims database was used to identify patients ≥ 16 years dispensed antidiabetic agents (oral or insulin) from January 2003 to December 2012 through the two main community drug schemes for diabetes. The rate of prescribing per 1,000 population was calculated. Logistic regression was used to examine variations in prescribing in patients with diabetes.

    RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the prescribing of fast and long-acting insulin analogues with a rapid decline in the prescribing of human insulin (p < 0.0001). Increased prescribing of metformin, incretin modulators and fixed oral combination agents was observed (p < 0.0001). Females and older aged patients were more likely to be prescribed human insulin than other insulins. Metformin was less likely while sulphonylureas were more likely to be prescribed in older than younger aged patients. Socioeconomic differences were observed in increased prescribing of the newer and more expensive antidiabetic agents in the non-means tested scheme. Regional variations were observed in the prescribing of both insulin and oral antidiabetic agents.

    CONCLUSION: There has been an increase over time in the prescribing of both insulin and oral antidiabetic agents in the Irish population with increasing uptake of newer antidiabetic agents. This has implications for projecting future uptake and expenditure of these agents given the rising level of diabetes in the population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  19. Risk and associated factors of female sexual orgasmic disorder in women with hypertension in Malaysia
    Abdul Latif R, Muhamad R, Kanagasundram S, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Midin M, et al.
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2013 Apr;5 Suppl 1:21-6.
    PMID: 23857833 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12039
    The objective of this study was to examine the risk of female sexual orgasmic disorder among a group of women with hypertension in Malaysia. The associated factors were also examined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
  20. Identifying factors associated with diagnostic concordance/discordance in oral lichen planus
    Siar CH, Lim JS, Tang SP, Chia HS, Loh YM, Ng KH
    J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2013 Oct;71(10):1688-93.
    PMID: 23773425 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.04.026
    To identify factors associated with concordance and discordance between clinical and histopathologic diagnoses of oral lichen planus lesions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
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