MyMedR

Adverse effects of melatonin on rat pups of Wistar-Kyoto dams receiving melatonin supplementation during pregnancy

Singh HJ, Keah LS, Kumar A, Sirajudeen KN

Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 2012 Nov;64(7-8):751-2.

PMID: 21354772 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.01.011

This report documents an incidental finding during a study investigating the effects of melatonin supplementation on the development of blood pressure in SHR. Administration of 10 mg/kg/day of melatonin in drinking water during pregnancy to Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) dams caused a loss of more than 50% of the pups by the age of three weeks and 95% by the age of 6 weeks. There was no maternal morbidity or mortality in the two strains or death of any of the SHR pups. No obvious physical defects were present but mean body weight was lower in the surviving WKY rats when compared to that of melatonin supplemented SHR or non-supplemented WKY pups. The reason for the high mortality in WKY pups is uncertain and appears to be strain if not batch specific. There is a need for caution in its use, particularly during pregnancy, and clearly necessitates more detailed studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Fulltext Tocotrienols are good adjuvants for developing cancer vaccines

Hafid SR, Radhakrishnan AK, Nesaretnam K

BMC Cancer, 2010;10:5.

PMID: 20051142 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-5

Dendritic cells (DCs) have the potential for cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to process and present antigens to T-cells and also in stimulating immune responses. However, DC-based vaccines have only exhibited minimal effectiveness against established tumours in mice and humans. The use of appropriate adjuvant enhances the efficacy of DC based cancer vaccines in treating tumours.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

HPLC determination of imatinib in plasma and tissues after multiple oral dose administration to mice

Teoh M, Narayanan P, Moo KS, Radhakrisman S, Pillappan R, Bukhari NI, et al.

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2010 Jan;23(1):35-41.

PMID: 20067864

Imatinib inhibits Bcr-Abl, c-KIT and PDGFR kinases. It is approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and has further therapeutic potential. Male ICR mice were given imatinib PO (50 or 25 mg/kg, 5 doses every 2 h); euthanized 2 h after the last dose administration; plasma, liver, brain, spleen and kidney were collected and imatinib concentration measured by an optimized HPLC method for quantification in tissues. Methanol (1:1 v/v plasma) and pH 4, 40:30:30 (v/v/v) water-methanol-acetonitrile at 5 ml/g (brain) and 10 ml/g (spleen, kidney, liver) ratio was added to the samples, homogenized, sonicated, centrifuged (15,000 rpm, 5 min, 2 degrees C) and the supernatant injected into an Inertsil CN-3 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) using 64:35:1 (v/v/v) water-methanol-triethylamine (pH 4.8), flow rate 1 ml/min, 25 degrees C. Imatinib eluted at 7.5 min (268 nm). Linearity: 0.1-50 microg/ml; precision, accuracy, inter- and intra-day variability was within 15%. Recovery was above 95% (plasma), 80% (brain) and 90% (kidney, liver, spleen). Imatinib tissue concentrations were 6-8 folds higher than plasma except brain, where the ratio decreased from 0.24 to 0.08 suggesting limited brain penetration, likely due to blood brain barrier efflux transporters. The extensive distribution supports the expansion of therapeutic applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Fulltext Oral nifepidine versus subcutaneous terbutaline tocolysis for external cephalic version: a double-blind randomised trial

Collaris R, Tan PC

BJOG, 2009 Jan;116(1):74-80; discussion 80-1.

PMID: 19087079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01991.x

To evaluate oral nifedipine versus subcutaneous terbutaline tocolysis for external cephalic version (ECV).

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Oral celecoxib versus oral diclofenac for post-perineal repair analgesia after spontaneous vaginal birth: a randomised trial

Lim SS, Tan PC, Sockalingam JK, Omar SZ

Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008 Feb;48(1):71-7.

PMID: 18275575 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2007.00808.x

To compare oral celecoxib with oral diclofenac as pain reliever after perineal repair following normal vaginal birth.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Recurrence of peripheral ulcerative keratitis on the corneoscleral button in a young man treated successfully with oral corticosteroids

Wahid WA, Selvaraja V, Bakiah S, Ibrahim M

Cornea, 2008 Aug;27(7):837-9.

PMID: 18650673 DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e318169d6cc

To describe recurrent peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) on the corneoscleral graft in a young man treated successfully with oral corticosteroids.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Thyrotoxicosis presenting as hypokalaemic paralysis and hyperlactataemia in an oriental man

Al-Jubouri MA, Inkster GD, Nee PA, Andrews FJ

Ann. Clin. Biochem., 2006 Jul;43(Pt 4):323-5.

PMID: 16824287 DOI: 10.1258/000456306777695681

A 35-year-old Malaysian man presented with rapid onset of flaccid quadriparesis associated with nausea and vomiting. General blood tests revealed severe hypokalaemia (serum potassium 1.5 mmol/L) and hypophosphataemia (serum phosphate 0.29 mmol/L) as a potential cause of the flaccid paralysis. Arterial blood gases showed mixed acid base disturbance of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis with hyperlactataemia. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) was suspected as the underlying cause of this presentation and thyroid function tests showed severe hyperthyroid results (free T4 > 77.2 pmol/L, free T3 19.3 pmol/L, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] < 0.05 mIU/L). Treatment with intravenous potassium and phosphate infusion and oral propranolol resulted in rapid resolution of his symptoms. A discussion of the clinical and pathophysiological features and treatment of TPP (a very rare encounter in UK clinical practice) is presented, and to our knowledge associated hyperlactataemia has not been previously described.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Fulltext Frozen shoulder syndrome: comparison of oral route corticosteroid and intra-articular corticosteroid injection

Widiastuti-Samekto M, Sianturi GP

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Aug;59(3):312-6.

PMID: 15727375

Twenty-six patients with frozen shoulder syndrome (Stage 2 and 3) were included in this study conducted at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia and randomly allocated into 2 groups: 40 mg triamcinolone intra-articular injection and triamcinolone oral tablets. The result showed that triamcinolone intra-articular injection group "cured" rate was 5.8 times higher at week one compared to the triamcinolone tablet group. Sixty-two percent of the cases with triamcinolone intra-articular injection achieved their "cured" condition after one week of therapy, compared with only 14% of the triamcinolone tablets group. We conclude that, intra-articular corticosteroid injection provide faster improvement compared to oral route.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Fulltext Fructose-Drinking Water Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Ultrastructural Alteration of Hepatocyte Mitochondria in Male Wistar Rat

Mamikutty N, Thent ZC, Haji Suhaimi F

Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:895961.

PMID: 26273656 DOI: 10.1155/2015/895961

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the complications of the metabolic syndrome. It encompasses a wide range of disease spectrum from simple steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Structural alteration of hepatic mitochondria might be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

AIMS: In the present study, we used a newly established model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in male Wistar rats in order to investigate the ultrastructural changes in hepatic mitochondria that occur with fructose consumption and their association with NAFLD pathogenesis.

METHODS: The concentration of fructose-drinking water (FDW) used in this study was 20%. Six male Wistar rats were supplemented with FDW 20% for eight weeks. Body composition and metabolic parameters were measured before and after 8 weeks of FDW 20%. Histomorphology of the liver was evaluated and ultrastructural changes of mitochondria were assessed with transmission electron micrograph.

RESULTS: After 8 weeks of fructose consumption, the animals developed several features of the metabolic syndrome. Moreover, fructose consumption led to the development of macrovesicular hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes, such as increase in mitochondrial size, disruption of the cristae, and reduction of matrix density.

CONCLUSION: We conclude that in male Wistar rat 8-week consumption of FDW 20% leads to NAFLD likely via mitochondrial structural alteration.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Fulltext Oral consumption of α-linolenic acid increases serum BDNF levels in healthy adult humans

Hadjighassem M, Kamalidehghan B, Shekarriz N, Baseerat A, Molavi N, Mehrpour M, et al.

Nutr J, 2015;14:20.

PMID: 25889793 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0012-5

Dietary omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids have remarkable impacts on the levels of DHA in the brain and retina. Low levels of DHA in plasma and blood hamper visual and neural development in children and cause dementia and cognitive decline in adults. The level of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) changes with dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake. BDNF is known for its effects on promoting neurogenesis and neuronal survival.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

The effect of immune status, age and genetic background on induction of oral tolerance to Actinomyces viscosus in mice

Sosroseno W, Herminajeng E, Bird P

Biomed Pharmacother, 2015 Mar;70:294-8.

PMID: 25776514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.039

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of immune status, age and genetic background on the induction of oral tolerance to Actinomyces viscosus. Suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and antigen-specific serum antibody levels could be induced in DBA/2 mice intragastrically and systemically immunized with A. viscocus, suggesting the induction of oral tolerance. In contrast, this immune suppression could be abrogated if the animals had been systemically immunized prior to the induction of oral tolerance with the same bacterium. Long-term systemic immunization prior to intragastric immunization with A. viscocus suppressed DTH response only. Cell transfer of this group of animals also suppressed DTH response in the donors, indicating the action of suppressor cells for inhibition of DTH response. Furthermore, oral tolerance to A. viscocus failed to occur in mice aged at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 36 weeks old. Mice bearing H-2(d) haplotype were the most susceptible to oral tolerization, followed by H-2(b) and H-2(k). Therefore, the results of the presence study suggest that the induction of oral tolerance to A. viscosus in mice may be dependence on the immune status and genetic background but not age.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Fulltext Fetal supraventricular tachycardia--a case report

Soh EBS, Raman S, Chia PMK

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53(3):280-3.

PMID: 10968167

A gravid patient with fetal supraventricular tachycardia is presented. A review of this rare condition and the present recommended mode of therapy are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Effects of copper overload on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in rats

Zhang SS, Noordin MM, Rahman SO, Haron J

Vet Hum Toxicol, 2000 Oct;42(5):261-4.

PMID: 11003114

The influence of copper (Cu) overload on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidation defense capacity was studied by overloading rats with copper sulphate orally (500 mg Cu/kg bw) 5 d/w for 8 w. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Se-glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in serum and liver homogenate at 2, 4 and 8 w of dosing. Liver Cu concentration and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity were also determined. As Cu loading progressed, there were multiparameter changes with significant ALT elevation, increased MDA concentrations in serum and liver homogenate, and dramatic declines of SOD and GSH-Px activities in erythrocytes and whole blood respectively, along with marked elevation of hepatic Cu in the Cu-dosed group. Excessive Cu accumulation in the liver depressed SOD and GSH-Px activities and resulted in high MDA in serum and liver homogenate due to the lipid peroxidation induced by the Cu overload.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Fulltext Intravenous followed by oral ofloxacin in the treatment of community acquired lower respiratory tract infections in adults requiring hospitalisation

Liam CK, Aziah AM, Lim KH, Wong CMM

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55(3):304-7.

PMID: 11200708

Forty patients were treated with ofloxacin for community acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Eighteen pathogens were isolated in sputum; Streptococcus pneumoniae (4) and Haemophilus influenzae (4) were the most common, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (3), Klebsiella spp. (2), Staphylococcus anreus (2), Pseudomonas spp. (2), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1). Ofloxacin 200 mg every 12 hours was administered for an average of 3.7 days intravenously followed by 5.4 days orally. Response to therapy was judged to be cure in 38 (95%; 95% C.I., 85%-95%) patients, failure in one (2.5%) and "indeterminate" in one (2.5%).

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

The oral and intratracheal toxicities of ROUNDUP and its components to rats

Adam A, Marzuki A, Abdul Rahman H, Abdul Aziz M

Vet Hum Toxicol, 1997 Jun;39(3):147-51.

PMID: 9167243

The toxicities of ROUNDUP and its component chemicals, glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) and polyoxyethyleneamine (POEA), were determined at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 24 h following administration to rats. The intratracheal administration of glyphosate (0.2 g/kg), POEA (0.1 g/kg), a mixture of glyphosate (0.2 g/kg) + POEA (0.1 g/kg), or ROUNDUP (containing 0.2 g/kg glyphosate and 0.1 g/kg POEA) elicited immediate respiratory effects which were more severe and which lasted longer in the groups receiving the POEA-containing preparations than in the glyphosate alone group. By 1 h, all test preparations had caused deaths, but more occurred from the POEA-containing preparations than from glyphosate. The po administration of POEA (1 g/kg), the mixture of glyphosate (2 g/kg) +POEA (1 g/kg), or ROUNDUP (containing 2 g/kg glyphosate and 1 g/kg POEA) produced diarrhea and blood-stained weeping from noses. Death was only seen from POEA at 24 h. Glyphosate (2 g/kg po) produced transient diarrhea without nose bleeds; POEA caused diarrhea at 1 h; and the mixture of POEA + glyphosate produced diarrhea later that increased in severity with time. Bloody nose secretions were seen only with the preparations that contained POEA. No deaths, respiratory effects or bloody nose secretions occurred in controls given saline. Both POEA and glyphosate caused lung hemorrhages and lung epithelial cell damage with po or intratracheal exposures. These results indicate POEA and preparations that contained POEA were more toxic than glyphosate.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in males [corrected]

Cheong LL, Chan RK, Nadarajah M

Genitourin Med, 1992 Aug;68(4):260-2.

PMID: 1328033

To study the effectiveness of single-dose pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in males.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Treatment of subperiodic Brugia malayi infection with a single dose of ivermectin

Mak JW, Navaratnam V, Grewel JS, Mansor SM, Ambu S

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1993 Apr;48(4):591-6.

PMID: 8480868

A clinical trial on the efficacy of a single oral dose of ivermectin at 20, 50, 100, and 200 micrograms/kg was carried out in 40 subjects with subperiodic Brugia malayi microfilaremia. There was no significant difference in the clearance of microfilaremia in the four treatment groups, and the lowest geometric mean microfilarial count (GMC) achieved in the 40 subjects was 8.8/ml or 8.3% of the initial count (106.1/ml), at two weeks post-treatment. The GMC started to increase at one month post-treatment and by six months was 22.2% of the initial GMC. Only 27.5%, 23.1%, 15.0%, and 18.9% of subjects were amicrofilaremic at two, four, 12, and 24 weeks post-treatment, respectively. Mild fever in 35% of the subjects was the primary side reaction and was more common in those with microfilarial counts > or = 500/ml (85.7%) than in those with counts < 500/ml (32%). The clearance of B. malayi microfilaremia by ivermectin was less rapid than that reported for Wuchereria bancrofti. The smaller number of side reactions encountered in the present study compared with those reported for bancroftian filariasis is probably related to the lower microfilarial density in the present subjects. Since ivermectin at a single oral dose of 20-200 micrograms/kg can reduce the GMC to less than 10% at two weeks and maintain it below 25% of the initial level even at six months post-treatment, it is recommended that the drug be seriously evaluated for use in the control of brugian filariasis.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Fulltext Oral pefloxacin in the treatment of CAPD peritonitis

Tan HW, Kon SP, Chua CT, Ngeow NF

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Jun;47(2):128-33.

PMID: 1494333

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), a widely used replacement therapy for end stage renal failure, is frequently complicated by bacterial peritonitis. The infecting organisms are mainly staphylococci and gram negative aerobes. Pefloxacin is a fluorinated quinolone with good in-vitro activity against these pathogens. The objective of this open non comparative study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of oral pefloxacin mesylate as a single first line antimicrobial treatment of CAPD peritonitis. 28 episodes of CAPD peritonitis were treated with a stat dose of pefloxacin 800 mg. followed by 400 mg. 12 hourly for about 15-18 days. A pefloxacin sensitive organism was isolated in 17 episodes. 11 episodes were culture negative. Treatment results showed a cure in seventeen (60.7%), no treatment response in seven (25%), and relapses in four (14.2%). Side effects encountered were not serious except for one incident of a generalized seizure. We conclude that oral pefloxacin is convenient, safe and effective enough as a single first line antimicrobial treatment for CAPD peritonitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Fulltext Single-dose oral treatment with cefaclor for men with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis

Lim HB

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Dec;39(4):272-4.

PMID: 6400040

Sixty patients with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were treated with a single dose oral regime comprising 3 g of cefaclor and 1 g of probenecid. Forty-eight patients (80%) returned for follow-up and the overall cure rate among them was 91.6%. Among the isolates, 25 (41.7%) showed penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains. The cure rate for patients infected with PPNG was 85% while the cure rate for non-PPNG was 96.4%. Further work is required to establish the optimum dosage for this particular regimen.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

Radioactive uptake of [14C]histamine by certain tissues in guinea-pigs treated and untreated with chlorpromazine

Ridzwan BH, Waton NG

Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol, 1990;97(2):251-5.

PMID: 1982867

1. Oral administration of [14C]histamine induced the presence of small amounts of [14C]histamine in stomach and ileal tissues of control guinea-pigs. In contrast, much larger amounts were found after 8 h infusion. 2. Similar amounts of [14C]histamine were found in the tissues when [14C]histamine was given by intravenous infusion from 24-30 h after chlorpromazine injection.

Matched MeSH terms: Administration, Oral

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