Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 386 in total

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  1. Sickle cell anemia associated with alpha-thalassemia in Malaysian Indians
    Lie-Injo LE, Hassan K, Joishy SK, Lim ML
    Am J Hematol, 1986 Jul;22(3):265-74.
    PMID: 2424302
    The Indian rubber estate workers in Negri Sembilan, Malaysia, who originated from Orissa in India were found to have a high frequency of Hb S (Joishy SK, Hassan K: Clin Res 28:280, 1980). Unlike the usually severe clinical picture of sickle cell anemia seen in African and American blacks, the clinical picture of the disease in this population was mild and many have reached old age. We studied the leukocyte DNA of 12 patients with sickle cell anemia, ranging in age from 4 to 61 years and 30 sickle cell trait carriers, ranging in age from 7 to 63 years, for the presence of alpha-globin gene deletions by gene mapping according to Southern (Southern EM: J Mol Biol 98:503, 1975), using alpha- and zeta-globin gene probes obtained by nick translation of the alpha- and zeta-globin genes cloned into plasmid. All 12 sickle cell anemia patients were found to have alpha-thalassemia2 (alpha-thal2), either in the homozygous or heterozygous condition. Of the Hb S trait carriers, six did not have alpha-thal2 or alpha-thal1 and 24 had alpha-thal2 (15 heterozygous, 9 homozygous). Seven of these Hb S trait carriers with alpha-thal2 had an additional gene abnormality. Five of them had a fast-moving Eco RI fragment 5.6 kb long that hybridized with zeta-specific probe but not with alpha-specific probe. An unusual DNA pattern of a different type was further found in the other two. Bgl II restriction analysis showed that the alpha-thal2 was mostly of the rightward deletion alpha-thal1 genotype. None of the sickle cell anemia patients and Hb S trait carriers had deletion type alpha-thal1. The sickle cell anemia patients had very high levels of Hb F and low levels of Hb A2. The Hb S trait carriers with alpha-thal2 had relatively low levels of Hb S.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Sickle Cell/blood; Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications; Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics*
  2. Heterogenous beta-thalassaemia: Evaluation of the iron status
    George-Kodiseri E, Faridah K, Mariam S
    Family Physician, 1989;1:31-33.
    Anaemia is present in 31.3% of male and 73.6% of female subjects heterogenous for beta thalassaemia. In males, none had serum ferritin (SF) levels less than 10 ng/ml. In contrast, female subjects with haemoglobins less than 12 gm/dl, had SF levels less than 20 ng/ml. Statistical differences in the Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC abd HBA were found with the normal groups (p<0.001). Comparison of the SF levels in both the males and females show no difference from those in the normal groups (p<0.10). Iron loading was not a significant feature in both the males and females. Correlation of the SF with age shows a weak negative correlation. Married females with children showed that the SF levels fell significantly with increasing age, suggesting the possibility that repeated pregnancies may deplete iron stores as reflected by the SF levels. In countries where iron deficiency and thalassaemia are highly prevalent, assays of serum ferittin will indicate if there is a need for supplemental iron in subjects hetergenous for beta thalassaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia
  3. Fulltext Active infection and morphometric study of Trypanosoma evansi among horses in Peninsula Malaysia
    Elshafie EI, Sani RA, Hassan L, Sharma R, Bashir A, Abubakar IA
    Trop Biomed, 2013 Sep;30(3):444-50.
    PMID: 24189674 MyJurnal
    Apart from occasional reports of clinical disease affecting horses, there is no information about Trypanosoma evansi in horses in Peninsula Malaysia. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted in eight states in Peninsula Malaysia to determine the active presence of T. evansi in horses. A total of 527 blood samples were obtained and examined by haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT), Giemsa-stained thin blood smear (GSS), morphometric measurements, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloning of PCR products. The results showed an overall parasitological prevalence of 0.57% (3/527, CI: 1.6-0.19%) with both HCT and GSS. Morphometric study revealed the mean total length of the trypanosomes including the free flagellum was 27.94 ± 2.63 μm. PCR successfully amplified a trypanosome specific 257 bp in 1.14% of samples (6/527, CI: 2.4-0.52%) and was confirmed by nucleotide sequences. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) for the positive cases detected by HCT was lower (23% ± 7.00) compared to the positive cases detected by PCR alone in the state of Terengganu (35% ± 4.73). In conclusion, this study showed T. evansi infection occurred in low frequency in horses in Peninsula Malaysia, and anaemia coincided with parasitaemic animals. PCR is considered as a sensitive diagnostic tool when parasitaemia is undetectable. The slight lengthier mean of parasite and anaemia may indicate a virulent strain of T. evansi circulating throughout the country. Thus, it's highly recommended to shed light on host-parasite relationship for better epidemiological understanding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia/diagnosis; Anemia/etiology; Anemia/veterinary
  4. The effectiveness of supervised weekly versus unsupervised daily oral iron supplementation regimes in improving the status of iron deficiency in preschool Orang Asli children
    Aisyah, H.M.R., Syed Zulkifli, S.Z., Noor Khatijah, N.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2005;14(1):14-20.
    MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVE: To assess a better strategy to implement oral iron supplementation in preschool Orang Asli children with high prevalence of iron deficiency, as opposed to the current practice, yet inefficient, of daily oral iron supplementation regime.
    METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in preschool children presenting to a remote health center (Klinik Desa Kenang, Sungai Siput, Perak) with iron deficiency state. Oral iron prescribed as a daily unsupervised dose (group A) was compared to a weekly supervised administration (group B) over eight weeks.
    RESULTS: Before intervention, iron deficiency was prevalent in these children (91.2%). The mean baseline haemoglobin and ferritin levels of group A were 9.9 (+/- 1.1) g/dL and 8.9 (+/- 1.3) mg/L respectively, and that of group B were 9.9 (+/-1.2) g/dL and 9.7 (+/- 1.9) mg/L respectively. After eight weeks of treatment, the mean rise in haemoglobin and ferritin levels of group A were 1.2 (+/- 0.6) g/dL and 18.1 (+/- 15.1) mg/ L respectively, as compared to group B, where the mean rise in haemoglobin and ferritin levels were 1.8 (+/- 0.7) g/dL and 35.2 (+/- 21.8) mg/ L respectively. The differences in the rise of haemoglobin and ferritin levels of the two groups were statistically significant (p<0.025). Both regimes were however effective in improving the iron status in a short term (88% in group A and 100% in group B), but group B had a better iron improvement (35.2 +/- 21.8 versus 18.1 +/-15.1 mg/L).
    CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the supervised weekly oral iron supplementation regime was more effective than the unsupervised daily supplementation for treating iron deficiency in preschool Orang Asli children. Since iron deficiency is so common in these children and in view of the possibility of poor compliance with the unsupervised regime, an intermittent supervised treatment is proposed as the most effective strategy to address this nutritional problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
  5. Penicillin allergy 1976: a review of reactions, detection and current management
    Fellner MJ
    Int J Dermatol, 1976 Sep;15(7):497-504.
    PMID: 134974
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Hemolytic/chemically induced; Anemia, Sickle Cell/chemically induced
  6. Fulltext Adrenal haemorrhage in a newborn
    Shalini, N., Rohani, A.J., Neoh, S.H., Cheah, I.G.S., Che Zubaidah
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2016;22(101):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Adrenal hemorrhage (AH) is a relatively uncommon condition (0.55-1.9%) during the neonatal period [1]. The adrenal gland is vulnerable to haemorrhage because of its large size and high vascularity. Clinical features of AH are variable and nonspecific. AH in a newborn can present as anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, abdominal mass, painful swelling or hematoma of the scrotum, acute adrenal crisis or shock [2]. We report such a case of adrenal haemorrhage in a newborn.(Copied from article)
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia
  7. The modern implementation of patient blood management (PBM) in Malaysia: the use of intravenous iron in severe anaemia with iron deficiency - A Case Report
    Krishnamoorthy A, Hadi FA, Naidu A, Sathar J
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 02;72(1):53-54.
    PMID: 28255141
    Anaemia is a common condition in Malaysia, and is mostly due to iron deficiency. In many cases, allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) is administered unnecessarily to treat anaemia. Patient blood management (PBM) is a concept whereby a patient becomes his or her "own blood bank", instead of receiving ABT. The concept encompasses three pillars namely optimising erythropoiesis, minimising blood loss and harnessing human physiological reserve. We present a safe and fruitful outcome of managing severe anaemia without utilising any ABT, made possible with the PBM approach including administration of intravenous iron.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia
  8. A short investigation of infantile mortality and child welfare on estates in Kedah
    Cross B
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;4:141-63.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia
  9. Anaemia during pregnancy in rural Kelantan
    Ahmad Z, Jaafar R, Md Hassan MH, Othman MS, Hashim A
    Family Physician, 1995;7:11-15.
    Anaemia still constitutes a public health problem in the world, especially in the developing countries (1). Nutritional deficiency remains a major causative factor (2). During pregnancy, growth of the foetus, placenta and the larger amount of circulating blood in the expectant mother will lead to an increase in the demand for nutrients, especially iron and folic acid. Many women start their lives with insufficient iron stores, but also, because of inadequate child spacing, they have little time to build up their iron levels between pregnancies. In pregnancy, anaemia has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality (3,4,5). Iron and folic acid supplementation is routinely given to pregnant mothers in Malaysia. It is anticipated that pregnant mothers who comply strictly with the prescribed iron supplement will maintain adequate iron stores at parturition. However, the compliance rate among rural mothers in Kelantan is often poor (6). Kelantan is also one of the most socio-economically underdeveloped
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia
  10. Blackwater fever or Lederer's anaemia?
    Landor J
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1937;1:184-87.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Hemolytic
  11. Some observations on food deficiency diseases in Malaya
    Pallister RA
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;4:191-97.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia
  12. Cisplatin and vinorelbine in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
    Wong CMM, Lim KH, Liam CK
    JUMMEC, 2001;6:20-23.
    From August 1999 to January 2001, twelve chemotherapy naive patients with locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in our hospital received vinorelbine and cisplatin. Ten patients had stage IV disease while two had stage HI disease. Patients' performance status (PS) were as follows: four had PS 1, six had PS 2, and one each PS 3 and 4. A total of 46 cycles were given as scheduled. Only major haematological toxicities were noted; one patient each with Grade 3 anaemia, Grade 3 and Grade 4 leucopenia, two had Grade 3 neutropenia and 5 had Grade 4 neutropenia without associated mortality. Three patients had Grade 3 alopecia and one had Grade 3 phlebitis. After three cycles, three patients demonstrated partial response and two had stable disease. For the four patients who completed 6 cycles, two demonstrated stable disease and two partial response. Symptom improvement was reported in all but one patient. Performance status was better in four, stable in six but declined in two patients. In conclusion, in patients with locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC, vinorelbine/cisplatin is a well-tolerated and active regimen, offering symptom palliation and improved performance status in a significant proportion of patients. KEYWORDS; Vinorelbine, lung cancer, chemotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia
  13. Fulltext Massive hemothorax following administration of intrapleural streptokinase
    Chai FY, Kuan YC
    Ann Thorac Med, 2011 Jul;6(3):149-51.
    PMID: 21760848 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.82451
    The administration of intrapleural streptokinase (IPSK) is widely practiced in the management of loculated empyema thoracis. To our knowledge, there have been only 4 cases of hemorrhagic complications attributed to the administration of IPSK reported in the literature. In this article, we report a case of a 17-year-old girl who received IPSK and developed shock, anemia, coagulopathy and massive hemothorax. Our discussion focuses on the hemorrhagic complication of chest tube insertion and the role of IPSK in blood clot lysis and inhibition of local hemostasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia
  14. Fulltext Characteristics that modify the effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation on child anemia and micronutrient status: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Wessells KR, Arnold CD, Stewart CP, Prado EL, Abbeddou S, Adu-Afarwuah S, et al.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2021 11 02;114(Suppl 1):68S-94S.
    PMID: 34590114 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab276
    BACKGROUND: Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNSs) have been shown to reduce the prevalence of child anemia and iron deficiency, but effects on other micronutrients are less well known. Identifying subgroups who benefit most from SQ-LNSs could support improved program design.

    OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify study-level and individual-level modifiers of the effect of SQ-LNSs on child hemoglobin (Hb), anemia, and inflammation-adjusted micronutrient status outcomes.

    METHODS: We conducted a 2-stage meta-analysis of individual participant data from 13 randomized controlled trials of SQ-LNSs provided to children 6-24 mo of age (n = 15,946). We generated study-specific and subgroup estimates of SQ-LNSs compared with control, and pooled the estimates using fixed-effects models. We used random-effects meta-regression to examine potential study-level effect modifiers.

    RESULTS: SQ-LNS provision decreased the prevalence of anemia (Hb < 110 g/L) by 16% (relative reduction), iron deficiency (plasma ferritin < 12 µg/L) by 56%, and iron deficiency anemia (IDA; Hb < 110 g/L and plasma ferritin <12 µg/L) by 64%. We observed positive effects of SQ-LNSs on hematological and iron status outcomes within all subgroups of the study- and individual-level effect modifiers, but effects were larger in certain subgroups. For example, effects of SQ-LNSs on anemia and iron status were greater in trials that provided SQ-LNSs for >12 mo and provided 9 (as opposed to <9) mg Fe/d, and among later-born (than among first-born) children. There was no effect of SQ-LNSs on plasma zinc or retinol, but there was a 7% increase in plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and a 56% reduction in vitamin A deficiency (RBP anemia, iron deficiency, and IDA among children across a range of individual, population, and study design characteristics. Policy-makers and program planners should consider SQ-LNSs within intervention packages to prevent anemia and iron deficiency.This trial was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42020156663.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia/epidemiology*; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology*
  15. Fulltext School-administered weekly iron-folate supplements improve hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in Malaysian adolescent girls
    Tee ES, Kandiah M, Awin N, Chong SM, Satgunasingam N, Kamarudin L, et al.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 1999 Jun;69(6):1249-56.
    PMID: 10357747 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/69.6.1249
    BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency and its consequent anemia constitute the commonest micronutrient deficiency in the world.
    OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether long-term, weekly iron-folate supplements administered at school would improve hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in adolescent girls, including those with mild-to-moderate anemia and hemoglobin concentrations indicating borderline anemia.
    DESIGN: Subjects were 266 girls with hemoglobin concentrations of 80-119.9 g/L (group A) and 358 girls with hemoglobin concentrations of 120-130 g/L (group B) who were otherwise healthy. Two hundred sixty-six girls in group A and 268 girls in group B were randomly assigned to receive either 60 or 120 mg Fe plus 3.5 mg folic acid weekly for 22 wk. Ninety of the girls in group B were randomly assigned to receive only 5 mg folic acid weekly. Capillary hemoglobin and plasma ferritin were measured at baseline and after 12 and 22 wk of supplementation.
    RESULTS: By the end of the study, 2% of the girls had dropped out and > 96% had taken > or = 20 of the 22 tablets; side effects were minimal. Mean plasma ferritin increased significantly in all iron-supplemented groups, independently of initial hemoglobin values and iron doses. Ferritin concentrations decreased in the girls supplemented with folic acid only. As expected, hemoglobin responses to iron were higher in group A than in group B and increases were positively correlated with initial plasma ferritin. Hemoglobin failed to respond to folate supplementation if initial plasma ferritin concentrations were low. Mean hemoglobin increased significantly and consistently in relation to the length of treatment.
    CONCLUSION: Long-term, weekly iron-folate supplementation was found to be a practical, safe, effective, and inexpensive method for improving iron nutrition in adolescent schoolgirls.

    Comment in: Picciano MF. Iron and folate supplementation: an effective intervention in
    adolescent females. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jun;69(6):1069-70. PubMed PMID:
    10357724. https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/69/6/1069/4714856

    Study site: 3 secondary schools, Samarahan district, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/classification; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy*
  16. Fulltext The value of pre-operative embolisation in primary inferior vena cava paraganglioma
    Zaki FM, Osman SS, Abdul Manaf Z, Mahadevan J, Yahya M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2011 Apr;18(2):70-3.
    PMID: 22135590
    We report a case of a 13-year-old boy who complained of progressive abdominal distension and symptoms of anaemia. Radiological investigations revealed that the child had a hypervascular tumour of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Unfortunately, the child presented with acute lower gastrointestinal bleed soon after the investigation. He underwent an urgent pre-operative embolisation, aimed to reduce the tumour vascularity. A total resection of the tumour, right nephrectomy, and partial duodenal resection were done within 24 hours post-embolisation. The child was stable postoperatively. The histopathological examination revealed chromogranin-positive paraganglioma originating from the IVC. We highlight the radiological findings of rare primary IVC paraganglioma and the role of embolisation prior to surgical removal of the tumour.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia
  17. Fulltext Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome presenting with jaundice and thrombocytopenia
    Norasyikin AW, Rozita M, Mohd Johan MJ, Suehazlyn Z
    Med Princ Pract, 2014;23(4):387-9.
    PMID: 24401542 DOI: 10.1159/000357645
    OBJECTIVE: To report an uncommon presentation of a rare case of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type IIIb in an elderly woman.
    CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 62-year-old woman presented with anaemic symptoms and jaundice. Blood tests showed macrocytic anaemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency with Coombs negative haemolysis. A thyroid function test was consistent with hypothyroidism. Autoimmune antibody assays were positive for anti-parietal cell, anti-intrinsic factor and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. A final diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis with pernicious anaemia, which constituted autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type IIIb, was made and the patient was treated with L-thyroxine, vitamin B12 injection and a blood transfusion. She was discharged uneventfully after a week of hospitalization.
    CONCLUSION: This case showed that the presence of one autoimmune endocrine disease should prompt clinicians to look for other coexisting autoimmune diseases which may be asymptomatic despite positive autoantibodies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Macrocytic/physiopathology
  18. Fulltext Racial variations in booking haemoglobin of primigravidae in Malaysia: a prospective study
    Tan ACC, Leong EWK, Chua AC, Moy FM
    BMC Res Notes, 2013;6:173.
    PMID: 23634656 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-173
    BACKGROUND: Variations in racial haemoglobin had been previously described in multiple studies locally and abroad. This study was conducted to quantify the differences in haemoglobin of booking primigravidae amongst the three major races in Malaysia at the antenatal clinic of University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur.
    FINDINGS: One year prospective study of booking full blood count sample of primigravidae taken in one centre was conducted. Multiple comparative analyses of the booking haemoglobin were performed using the One-way ANOVA comparative mean test in each trimester. 622 primigravidae without any known history of haematological disorders were recruited into the study. The mean haemoglobin for the Indian race was the lowest compared to the two other races in the second and the third trimesters, and it was found to be statistically significant lower (p- value 0.001) than the Malay race in the second trimester. It was also found that the Indian race had a significantly higher incidence of moderate to severe anaemia (p- value: 0.029). The prevalence of anaemia in our study population is also significantly higher in the Indian population (p- value: 0.01 ).
    CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study have established that there is racial preponderance to anaemia in pregnancy. The Indian race is at a higher risk of having anaemia in pregnancy particularly in the second trimester.
    Study site: Antenatal clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia/epidemiology
  19. Extragastrointestinal manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection: facts or myth? A critical review
    Tan HJ, Goh KL
    J Dig Dis, 2012 Jul;13(7):342-9.
    PMID: 22713083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00599.x
    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is reported to be associated with many extragastrointestinal manifestations, such as hematological diseases [idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and unexplained iron deficiency anemia (IDA)], cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart diseases), neurological disorders (stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease), obesity and skin disorders. Among these, the best evidence so far is in ITP and unexplained IDA, with high-quality studies showing the improvement of IDA and ITP after H. pylori eradication. The evidence of its association with coronary artery disease is weak and many of the results may be erroneous. The role of H. pylori infection in affecting serum leptin and ghrelin levels has attracted a lot of attention recently and available data to date have been conflicting. There have also been many uncontrolled, small sample studies suggesting an association between H. pylori infection and neurological disorders or chronic urticaria. However, more studies are required to clarify such proposed causal links.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/microbiology
  20. Fulltext Bullous pemphigoid in an elderly patient with myelodysplastic syndrome and refractory anemia coupled with excess of blast
    Lee YY, Bee PC, Lee CK, Naiker M, Ismail R
    Ann Dermatol, 2011 Dec;23(Suppl 3):S390-2.
    PMID: 22346286 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2011.23.S3.S390
    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) has a recognized association with solid organ tumors, but is relatively rare in hematological malignancies. We report a 67-year-old male who developed BP after being diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome and refractory anemia with excess of blast (RAEB). Skin biopsy elucidated sub-epidermal bulla using direct immunofluorescence, revealing linear C3 and IgG deposits along the basement membrane. His BP was recalcitrant to the conventional treatment and only responded to a combination of high dose oral prednisolone and azathioprine. The relative refractory nature of his condition and concurrent RAEB supports a paraneoplastic nature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Refractory; Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts
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