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Response to the Letter to the Editor regarding "A questionnaire-based study on parental satisfaction with a universal newborn hearing screening program in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"

Mazlan R

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2014 May;78(5):891.
PMID: 24725649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.01.038
Fulltext The effects of 25 minutes staxercise on flexibility and agility/balance tests in elderly men

Mazlan Ismail

Movement Health & Exercise, 2019;8(2):141-152.
MyJurnal

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of 25 minutes of continuous active stretching – based exercise (STAxercise) on the flexibility and agility / balance of a group of elderly men. An experimental research design was used. Participants consisted of 20 sedentary males aged 60 to 64 years, who participated in this study having different weight and height. All participants took part in the “Healthy Generation Program” held in Petaling Jaya in 2016. They were engaged three times per week for 24 weeks of STAxercise interventions. All participants completed the tests (i.e. flexibility & agility / dynamic balance) before and after the intervention. The results showed that the participants had increased in inches in terms of flexibility and reduced in time agility - dynamic balance after 24 weeks of intervention. The present study recommends STAxercise as another approach for elderly people to practice at home. Future research needs to investigate the effectiveness of STAxercise with different modes of exercises other than the effects on psychological states of the participants.
Vitamin use and beliefs among students at a Malaysian university

Mazlan Bin Yong

J R Soc Health, 1990 Aug;110(4):132-4.
PMID: 2121980

A questionnaire was administered in class to a sample of physical education students at a Malaysian University in order to determine their beliefs and use patterns regarding vitamin supplementation. About a quarter of the subjects (24.6%) had practised vitamin supplementation for the past two years prior to the study, 14.9% of them being females as opposed to only 9.7% males. The most frequently used vitamin supplements, in rank order, were multivitamins (used by 57.6%), vitamin C (24.2%), the B-Complex vitamins (9.1%), and vitamin E (6.1%). Among vitamin supplementeers, the most frequently cited reasons for using vitamin supplements, in rank order, were 'to supplement the daily diet' (33.3%), 'to prevent colds' (27.3%), and 'to prevent fatigue or lethargy' (21.2%). Among non-supplementeers, the three reasons most frequently mentioned for not using vitamin supplements were 'vitamin needs are adequately supplied by daily meals' (50.5%), 'I am healthy enough and therefore I do not need extra vitamins' (27.2%), and 'fear of insidious side effects' (9.9%). In general, both supplementeers and non-supplementeers tended to believe in the purported health benefits of vitamin supplementation. However, on the whole, supplementeers were willing to change their supplementation habits.
Fulltext The malay-translated version of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ): the validity and the identification of types of aggression among female prisoners

Nurul Hazrina Mazlan, Affizal Ahmad

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;13(2):146-156.
MyJurnal

Objectives: The aim of this study is to validate the Malay version of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) for the purpose of the future study related to aggression. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify types of aggression hold by the female inmates.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed involving 90 Malaysian female prisoners. The analyses include descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability testing. After one-week interval, a test-retest was conducted.

Results: The preliminary analysis confirmed that factor analysis was appropriate for the Malay-translated version of the AQ. The four factors structure was assessed but the factor loadings are remarkable different from the original versions. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficients is very high (α= 0.91). The Pearson's correlation however is low (r = 0.48) but acceptable for the instrument. Reliability of the subscales and the factors were also found satisfactory. Consequently, anger and hostility were identified as the most common types of aggression among the participants, followed by verbal aggression. In contrast, physical aggression was the least scored type of aggression.

Conclusion: The Malay-translated version of the AQ was found to be valid and reliable to be used in future studies.
Fulltext Validation of the Malay-translated version of the center for epidemiological study - depression scale (CES-D)

Nurul Hazrina Mazlan, Affizal Ahmad

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;15(1):54-65.
MyJurnal

Objective: This study aims to establish the validity and reliability of the Malay- translated version of the CES-D. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional study design. The participants were female inmates (n=90) from local prisons which were selected based on purposive-selective sampling. The analyses include face validation, factor analysis, and reliability testing. A test-retest was conducted within a one-week interval. Results: The mean score for depression among the participants is 18.97 (SD=6.51). Further descriptive analysis showed that 58.9% of them scored above the mean score, which is considered high. Preliminary construct validation analysis confirmed that factor analysis was appropriate for the Malay-translated version of the CES-D. Furthermore, the factor analysis showed similar factor loadings to the original English version. The total internal consistency of the translated version, which was measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, was equal to 0.75. The test-retest reliability of the total score, measured by Pearson’s correlation was equal to 0.69. Conclusions: Face validity, construct validity, and reliability analysis were found satisfactory for the Malay-translated version of the CES-D. The Malay-translated version of the CES-D was found valid and reliable to be used in future studies, with comparable properties to the original version and to previous studies. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 15 (1): January - June 2014: 54-65.
Fulltext Adapting non-standard weighted average approach for solving the Lotka-Volterra model

Mohammad Khatim Hasan, Shahrizan Mazlan

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(106):97-106.
MyJurnal

Simulating Lotka-Volterra model using a numerical method requires the researcher to apply tiny mesh sizes to come up with an accurate solution. This approach will increase the complexity and burden of computer memory and consume long computational time. To overcome these issues, a new solver is used that could simulate Lotka-Volterra model using bigger mesh size. In this paper, prey and predator behaviour is simulated via Lotka-Volterra model. We approximate the nonlinear terms in the model via weighted average approach and differential equation via nonstandard denominators. We provide three new schemes for one step method and simulate four sets of parameters to examine the performance of these new schemes. Results show that these new schemes simulate better for large mesh sizes.
Fulltext Beyond self-report or reality: the health symptoms and the knowledge, attitude and practice of pesticide usage among estate workers in oil palm plantations, Malaysia

Siti Mariam Mazlan, Vivien How

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2017;14(1):1-8.
MyJurnal

Pesticides are commonly used for pest control in oil palm
plantations. The knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) while handling pesticides
may potentially result in adverse health effects among the estate workers. The aim of
this study is to determine the KAP of pesticides used and the capacity of selfreporting
health conditions among workers in palm oil plantations. A crosssectional
study was conducted to investigate the KAP and its self-reporting health
symptoms by using questionnaires and face-to-face interviews to 120 male estate
workers who use pesticides in their daily work routine in the oil palm plantation. At
least 85.8% of respondents had a good knowledge of pesticide used, 46.7% of them
indicated neutral level of attitude on the pesticides’ usage, and 68.3% of them
demonstrated a good practice while handling mixture of pesticides. Overall, there is
a significant association between the practices of pesticide usage with the selfreporting
health symptoms, such as dizziness, excessive vision, cough,
nausea/vomiting, redness of skin, difficulty in breathing, skin rashes, blurred vision,
excessive sweating and hand tremor. More than half of the estate workers indicated
a moderate to good knowledge, attitude and practices level of pesticide handling in
oil palm plantations. This study suggests that the self-reporting symptoms are real
and not over-reporting by workers. The increase in KAP of pesticides usage among
these workers have highlighted the necessity to improve the traditional field training
method of safe handling of pesticide to a sustainable field practical-based learning.
The latter training approach is to engage theory into practice.
Fulltext Malay reservation land on the verge of extinction?

Mohamed Khairi Termizi, Mazlan Ismail

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(4):93-108.
MyJurnal

Various claims have been made about the extinction of Malay Reservation Land in the country. Before
independence, the land depreciation was due to the acquisition of land by the British colonial
government for mining, opening of new villages during the communist threat and the mortgage and
sale activities by the Malay landowners to non-Malays. After independence, land depreciation linked
with the acquisition of land by the government through the Land Acquisition Act, 1960. This study is a
content analysis study involving material derived from the secondary source text and earlier research
findings. Emphasis is given to analyze the statistical size of Malay Reservation Land in the country.
Results show that the allegations regarding the depreciation trend of the Malay Reservation Land is
inaccurate and misleading. While the analysis of the size of the Malay Reservation Land found that the
actual percentage of Malay Reservation Land in 2009 was 30.13 percent instead of 11.83 percent as
claimed. The percentage grew steadily in 2013 to 31.85 percent. The analysis also found that there was
confusion about the actual size of Malay Reservation Land in the country.
Fulltext Development issues on multiple ownership land of Malay reservation land

Mohamed Khairi Termizi, Mazlan Ismail

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(1):91-99.
MyJurnal

The multiple ownership status of the Malay Reservation Land (MRL) has existed since its
establishment by the British colonialist through the Malay Reserves Enactment 1913. The main factor
of the multiple ownership status was due to the continuous process of land inheritance from generation
to next. This situation has given negative implications in the development of the land. This article
discusses the issue of developing the multiple ownership of Malay Reserve Land. Data collection is
conducted by semi-structured interview to the Perak Tengah District Officer and a number of
landowners involved in MRL’s multiple ownership. The qualitative data analysis shows that the
multiple ownership of the MRL can trigger social relationship problems among land co-owners and
subsequently create problems to develop them. It is proposed that co-owners be more tolerant and
willing to develop their land in joint venture scheme or develop individually through the process of
land partition. In order to resolve the difficulty of obtaining financing, landowners must ensure that the
development project is competitive and implemented within the local development zone.
Fulltext A pilot study on psychiatric symptomatology amongst urban Form 4 students in Ipoh, Perak

Chan SC, Mahmud M

Family Physician, 2003;12(2&3):19-24.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to screen for psychiatric symptomatology in Form 4 students in Ipoh, Perak and to determine demographic characteristics, contributing factors and the key person consulted for psychiatric / emotional problems. Methods: Between December 1997 and March 1998, 84 Form 4 students selected by random sampling from 2 Ipoh schools (one co-educational - S1 and one all boys - S2) were screened using the 30-item Malay version General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) and a demographic questionnaire. S1 students were interviewed by a psychiatrist (second author) to assess for anxiety / depression / somatization using DSM IIIR criteria. Results: Eighty three students (98.8%) completed their questionnaires. Twenty four students (28.9%) had high GHQ scores (8 and above). There was no significant association found between GHQ scores and gender, race, parental occupation and marital status / situation, number of siblings, frequency of illness and Penialian Menengah Rendah (PMR) results. A significant association was found between the GHQ scores and the students' birth order and perceived performance in the past 6 months as compared to PMR. Fifty percent consulted their friends for emotional problems, 29.2% their parents, 4.9% their siblings. None consulted their teacher / school counselor. Conclusion: Further studies are recommended to look into the prevalence of psychiatric symptomatology amongst our Malaysian secondary school students and into the possible use of the Malay version GHQ-30 as a screening tool in this age group.
Fulltext Complete paraparesis following resection of parasagittal meningioma: recovering function with an early intensive neurorehabilitation program

Mazlan M, Fauzi AA

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Oct;66(4):371-3.
PMID: 22299564 MyJurnal

Paraparesis can occur as a primary presentation of brain pathology at the motor strip along the parasagittal region. It could also occur as a neurological complication especially following resection of parasagittal meningioma with infiltration of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). We report a case of a complete paraparesis immediately following resection of bilateral parasagittal meningioma with infiltration of the middle third of the SSS. A gradual improvement in neurological recovery and functional outcome was observed over a period of one year after undergoing an intensive neurorehabilitation program beginning from the acute inpatient phase post surgery.
Fulltext The Effect of Ethnicity on Wideband Absorbance of Neonates with Healthy Middle Ear Functions in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study

Wali HA, Mazlan R

J Audiol Otol, 2018 Jan;22(1):20-27.
PMID: 29061035 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2017.00227

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although ethnicity effect on wideband absorbance (WBA) findings was evident for adults, its effect on neonates has not been established yet. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ethnicity on WBA measured at 0 daPa from neonates with healthy middle ear functions.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Participants were 99 normal, healthy, full-term newborn babies with chronological age between 11 and 128 hours of age (mean=46.73, standard deviation=26.36). A cross-sectional study design was used to measure WBA at 16 one-third octave frequency points from 99 neonates comprising of three ethnic groups: Malays (n=58), Chinese (n=13) and Indians (n=28). A total of 165 ears (83.3%) that passed a battery of tests involving distortion product otoacoustic emissions, 1 kHz tympanometry and acoustic stapedial reflex were further tested using WBA. Moreover, body size measurements were recorded from each participant.
RESULTS: The Malays and Indians neonates showed almost identical WBA response across the frequency range while the Chinese babies showed lower absorbance values between 1.25 kHz and 5 kHz. However, the differences observed in WBA between the three ethnic groups were not statistically significant (p=0.23). Additionally, there were no statistically significant difference in birth weight, height and head circumference among the three ethnic groups.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that Malays, Chinese and Indians neonates were not significantly different in their WBA responses. In conclusion, to apply for the ethnic-specific norms is not warranted when testing neonates from population constitute of these three ethnicities.
Fulltext Knowledge and attitudes of primary care physicians regarding childhood hearing loss in Malaysia

Mazlan R, Othman S

PLoS One, 2023;18(12):e0295972.
PMID: 38127879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295972

BACKGROUND: Childhood hearing loss is a significant health concern. Early identification and intervention are essential to maximize hearing potential and developmental outcomes, with primary care physicians (PCPs) playing a pivotal role in this process.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess PCPs' knowledge and attitudes toward childhood hearing loss, investigate the association between knowledge and attitudes, and examine the influence of demographic factors on PCPs' knowledge and attitudes towards childhood hearing loss.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 30 November 2017 to 30 July 2018 at three public health clinics in Malaysia, specifically in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, and Terengganu. A self-administered questionnaire assessed PCPs' knowledge of general facts, diagnosis and intervention, and risk factors for childhood hearing loss. Additionally, the questionnaire evaluated PCPS' attitudes across cognitive, affective, and behavioural domains regarding childhood hearing loss.
RESULTS: Most participants lacked sufficient knowledge about childhood hearing loss, with 61.4% not seeing it as a major health issue. Almost half (45.9%) didn't know that children with hearing loss can succeed in regular schools, and 78% were unaware that hearing aids don't fully restore normal hearing. Participants' awareness of risk factors varied widely, ranging from 24.6% to 90.3%. Despite these knowledge gaps, participants generally had positive attitudes towards childhood hearing loss, especially in cognitive and behavioural aspects. The study found a strong positive link between knowledge and attitudes, but demographic factors didn't significantly affect them.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the urgent need to address knowledge gaps among Malaysian PCPs regarding childhood hearing loss. While these knowledge gaps exist, PCPs' positive attitudes form a foundation for developing targeted educational interventions to improve PCPs' knowledge and skills in managing childhood hearing loss. Collaborative efforts are essential to translate these findings into meaningful improvements in paediatric audiological care.
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in the Acute Phase Post-Brain Tumour Surgery of Glioblastoma Multiforme

Sahadeevan Y, Mazlan M

J Korean Neurosurg Soc, 2024 Apr 23.
PMID: 38650429 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2024.0026
Concurrent peripheral pathologies and complex regional pain syndrome type 1 as contributors to acute post-stroke shoulder pain: a case report

Akhavan Hejazi SM, Mazlan M

Acta Med Iran, 2012;50(4):292-4.
PMID: 22592581

Post-stroke shoulder pain is associated with either a peripheral or central pathology. However, most of the time, it is challenging to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the suggested pathology and shoulder pain reported. We report a 66 year-old man who developed a right hemiplegic shoulder pain two months post stroke with initial investigations suggestive of peripheral pathologies. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment did not improve his shoulder pain. Later he developed complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) of the right hand and the initial shoulder pain subsequently relieved following resolution of the CRPS.
Fulltext Sugar craving and sugar intake pattern among Malay adults

Wan Fathin Fariza, Nik Mazlan Mamat

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2017;1(1):2-2.
MyJurnal

Objectives/Research Problem: A total of 6.3% of American adults showed specific craving to sweet foods and this was proven analogous to sweet foods intake. We attempted to measuresweet craving among Malaysians through the development of Sugar Craving Assessment Tool for Malaysians (MySCAT). The aim of this research was to explore the pattern of sugar craving and sugar intake among Malay adults.

Materials and Method: Subjects (age19 to 59 years old) were recruited among Kuantan residents from multiple centres. A total of 219 volunteers were recruited and they completed MySCAT questionnaire, in which the respondents rated their craving for 30 sweet foods and beverages from 0 (Never) to 4 (Always). Body mass index (BMI) was obtained from height and weight measurements.

Results and Discussion: Subjects consisted of 58 males and 161 females with mean age 29.6±10.7 y, BMI 23.5±4.4 kg/m2 total MySCAT score of 41.1±14.9. Results indicated that the most craved items were sugar sweetened beverages (mean score 2.46±1.18), fruit juices (2.16±1.08) and drinks with sweetened condensed milk (median 2.00, IQR = 2.00). A subset of 100 subjects also completed FFQ Sugar (mean age 21.2±1.6 y, BMI 21.0±3.1 kg/m2. Sugar intake was 79.5 g/day and contributed the most by sugar-sweetened beverages (56.5%) followed by non-carbonated soft drinks (13.9%) and sweets & chocolates (5.6%). Sugar intake was significantly higher in male (95.4 g/day) than female (54.3 g/day, p
Fulltext Homeownership affordability: an analysis of household socio‐economic

Norizan Rameli, Dani Salleh, Mazlan Ismail

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2016;1(1):10-16.
MyJurnal

Homeownership affordability is not only the ability of households to pay the housing cost. But homeownership affordability is also involving the ability of households to pay housing costs as well as to maintain the basic needs in the continuity of life. Thus, affordability aspect is important in home ownership. Meanwhile, home ownership is the biggest decision for a household in a term. The combination of affordability and homeownership led to research on factors that affect the affordability of homeownership, especially in terms of socio-economic households inclusively. Socio-economic factors as discussed include income, household expenditures, job type, education level, number of dependents, monthly housing loan and financial savings. Each factor plays the role of its own to ensure the affordability level of homeownership. In fact, the factors that affect the homeownership affordability is different between households. Analysis of the socio-economic factors is necessary because homeownership affordability issues impact the quality life of mankind.
Penentuan Pekali Transformasi B dan V di Kawasan Bandaraya (Determination of B and V Transformation Coefficients in City Area)

Mohammad Ridwan Hidayat, Mazlan bt Othman

Sains Malaysiana, 1996;25.

Extinction and transformation coefficients for Kuala Lumpur were obtained from differential photometry of close red-blue star pairs using Johnson ÂMorgan UBV photometric system.
Kaedah fotometri pembezaan dengan menggunakan pasangan bintang merah biru dekat telah dipakai untuk memperoleh pekali transformasi eB dan eV Sistem fotometri yang digunakan adalah UBV Johnson-Morgan. Pencerapan adalah dilakukan di bandaraya (Kuala Lumpur) untuk menguji keberkesanan kaedah fotometri pembezaan. Untuk tujuan itu, nilai-nilai pekali pemupusan atomsfera peringkat kedua telah dibandingkan dengan nilai terdahulu.
Condition factors of two archerfish species from Johor coastal waters, Malaysia

K.D. Simon, A.G. Mazlan, Z.C. Cob

Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1115-1119.

Archerfishes Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton 1822) and Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas 1767) inhabits mangrove estuaries, which are a critically important habitat as a spawning and nursery ground as well as the full life cycle of many fish species. In order to manage and conserve resilience fish species like the archerfish, we need to know some basic parameters about their biology and life history. Our research has focused on understanding the annual condition factors of these two species of archerfishes, as a complimentary to other several biological aspects of this two species that have been published. Our results indicated that, both species are in good conditions as the mean values of condition factors (Fulton condition factor K and Relative condition factor Kn) are greater than values of unity (K, Kn >1). The average K and Kn values of T. chatareus and T. jaculatrix were lowest in November and highest in September, indicates the spawning and recovery condition of the fishes. Condition factors measure overall fish population health that can be used by fisheries biologists and resource managers in proper management of fish resources in Malaysia waters.
Fulltext Physico-chemical properties of the oils and fat from Crotalaria Cleomifolia seeds

Noor Wini Mazlan, Ikram M. Said

Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40(9):1037-1041.

The seeds of C. cleomifolia (locally known as kacang hantu) collected along Simpang Pulai - Berinchang Road, Cameron Highlands, was defatted with hexane and the resulting oil was analysed for their physico-chemical properties. The percentage yield of the oil was calculated as 5.3%. The acid value (1.2%), iodine value (85), peroxide value (0.6), saponification value (192.0) and unsaponifiable matter (2.3%) were determined to assess the quality of the oil. The physico-chemical characterisation showed that C. cleomifolia seeds oil is unsaturated semi-drying oil, with high saponifi cation and acidic values. The fatty acid composition of C. cleomifolia seed oil was determined by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (ToF). The seed oil of C. cleomifolia contained linoleic acid (57.59%) and palmitic acid (5.07%), the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, respectively. The polyunsaturated triacylglycerol (TAG) in C. cleomifolia seed oil determined by reverse phase High performance Liquid Chromatography; contained as PLL (18.04%) followed by POL + SLL (11.92%), OOL (7.04%) and PLLn (6.31%). The melting and cooling point of the oil were 16.22°C and -33.54°C, respectively

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