Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 328 in total

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  1. Fulltext Disseminated talaromycosis in an HIV-infected patient
    Chang CY, Wahid AA, Ong ELC
    Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 2021 03 22;54:e0896-2020.
    PMID: 33759937 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0896-2020
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
  2. Fulltext Antifungal treatment of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19
    Syed Shahzad Hasan, Syed Imran Ahmed, Kow, Chia Siang
    Malaysian Journal of Pharmacy, 2021;7(1):1-2.
    MyJurnal
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents*
  3. Inhibitory Mechanism of Flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L. on Rhizopus nigricans
    Ge Q, Wang K, Shao X, Wei Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, et al.
    Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2023 May;20(5):197-208.
    PMID: 37172299 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0083
    Rhizopus nigricans is a widespread phytopathogen in fruits and vegetables that can cause considerable economic effects and resource waste. Flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L. (FSAL) have specific antifungal activities. This study selected FSAL as an antifungal to prolong the preservation of fruits and vegetables. The results showed that the mycelial morphology and ultrastructure were damaged by the FSAL treatment (1.0 minimum inhibitory concentration), led to the increase of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and affected the activity of key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, such as lactic dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, and hexokinase of R. nigricans. Key genes in glycolysis were upregulated or downregulated. In addition, in the treatment and control groups, 221 differentially expressed genes were found, including 89 that were upregulated and 32 that were downregulated, according to the transcriptome results. The differential genes were mainly enriched in glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, and citrate cycle pathways. The results revealed some insights into the antifungal mechanism of FSAL against R. nigricans and offered a theoretical foundation for its advancement as a novel plant-derived antifungal agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
  4. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals the toxicity and mechanistic insights of bioformulated chitosan nanoparticles against Magnaporthe oryzae
    Hafeez R, Guo J, Ahmed T, Ibrahim E, Ali MA, Rizwan M, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2024 May;356:141904.
    PMID: 38582174 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141904
    Rice blast, an extremely destructive disease caused by the filamentous fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, poses a global threat to the production of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The emerging trend of reducing dependence on chemical fungicides for crop protection has increased interest in exploring bioformulated nanomaterials as a sustainable alternative antimicrobial strategy for effectively managing plant diseases. Herein, we used physiomorphological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic methods to investigate the toxicity and molecular action mechanisms of moringa-chitosan nanoparticles (M-CNPs) against M. oryzae. Our results demonstrate that M-CNPs exhibit direct antifungal properties by impeding the growth and conidia formation of M. oryzae in a concentration-dependent manner. Propidium iodide staining indicated concentration-dependent significant apoptosis (91.33%) in the fungus. Ultrastructural observations revealed complete structural damage in fungal cells treated with 200 mg/L M-CNPs, including disruption of the cell wall and destruction of internal organelles. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed the intricate mechanism underlying the toxicity of M-CNPs against M. oryzae. The transcriptomics data indicated that exposure to M-CNPs disrupted various processes integral to cell membrane biosynthesis, aflatoxin biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation, and nuclear integrity in M. oryzae., emphasizing the interaction between M-CNPs and fungal cells. Similarly, metabolomic profiling demonstrated that exposure to M-CNPs significantly altered the levels of several key metabolites involved in the integral components of metabolic pathways, microbial metabolism, histidine metabolism, citrate cycle, and lipid and protein metabolism in M. oryzae. Overall, these findings demonstrated the potent antifungal action of M-CNPs, with a remarkable impact at the physiological and molecular level, culminating in substantial apoptotic-like fungal cell death. This research provides a novel perspective on investigating bioformulated nanomaterials as antifungal agents for plant disease control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology; Antifungal Agents/toxicity
  5. Fulltext In Vitro Antifungal Activities against Moulds Isolated from Dermatological Specimens
    Mohd Nizam T, Binting RA, Mohd Saari S, Kumar TV, Muhammad M, Satim H, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2016 May;23(3):32-9.
    PMID: 27418867 MyJurnal
    This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antifungal agents against moulds isolated from dermatological specimens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  6. Fulltext Efficacy of photodynamic therapy on candida colonization and clinical symptoms in denture stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Al-Maweri SA, Alhajj MN, Anweigi L, Ashraf S, Halboub E, Salleh NM, et al.
    BMC Oral Health, 2024 Jan 16;24(1):84.
    PMID: 38229054 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03789-z
    BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recently proposed as a promising alternative therapy for Denture Stomatitis (DS). The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the current available evidence regarding the efficacy of PDT in the management of DS.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ProQuest were searched up to June 7, 2023. All relevant clinical trials were included. RevMan software was used for the statistical analyses.

    RESULTS: Elven randomized clinical trials (460 DS patients) were included. Eight studies assessed the efficacy of PDT vs. topical antifungal therapy, while three studies assessed the adjunctive use of PDT (PDT + antifungal therapy) vs. topical antifungal therapy alone. The results revealed comparable efficacy of PDT and conventional antifungal therapy on candida colonization at 15 days (MD: 0.95, 95% CI: -0.28, 2.19, p = 0.13) and at the end of follow-up (MD: -0.17, 95% CI: -1.33, 0.98, p = 0.77). The pooled two studies revealed relatively better efficacy of adjunctive use of PDT with antifungal therapy on candida colonization compared to antifungal therapy alone at 15 days (MD: -6.67, 95% CI: -15.15, 1.82, p = 0.12), and at the end of follow-up (MD: -7.14, 95% CI: -19.78, 5.50, p = 0.27). Additionally, the results revealed comparable efficacy of PDT and topical antifungal therapy on the clinical outcomes.

    CONCLUSIONS: PDT might be considered a viable option for DS either as an adjunct or as an alternative to the topical antifungal medications. Further studies with adequate sample sizes and standardized PDT parameters are warranted.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
  7. Fulltext Comparative bioavailability study of two ketoconazole tablet preparations
    Yuen KH, Wong JW, Billa N, Choy WP, Julianto T
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):482-6.
    PMID: 11072466
    The bioavailability of a generic preparation of ketoconazole (Zorinax from Xepa-Soul Pattinson, Malaysia) was evaluated in comparison with the innovator product (Nizoral from Janssen Pharmaceutica, Switzerland). Eighteen healthy male volunteers participated in the study conducted according to a two-way crossover design. The bioavailability was compared using the parameters, total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-infinity), peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to reach peak plasma concentration (Tmax). No statistically significant difference was observed between the values of the two products in all the three parameters. Moreover, the 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the logarithmic transformed AUC0-infinity and Cmax values of Zorinax over Nizoral was found to lie between 0.82-1.04 and 0.83-1.02, respectively, being within the acceptable equivalence limit of 0.80-1.25. These findings indicate that the two preparations are comparable in the extent and rate of absorption. In addition, the elimination rate constant (ke) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd) were calculated. For both parameters, there was no statistically significant difference between the values obtained from the data of the two preparations. Moreover, the values are comparable to those reported in the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/blood; Antifungal Agents/pharmacokinetics*
  8. Fulltext A Potent Antifungal Agent for Basal Stem Rot Disease Treatment in Oil Palms Based on Chitosan-Dazomet Nanoparticles
    Maluin FN, Hussein MZ, Yusof NA, Fakurazi S, Idris AS, Hilmi NHZ, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2019 May 07;20(9).
    PMID: 31067720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092247
    The use of nanotechnology could play a significant role in the agriculture sector, especially in the preparation of new-generation agronanochemicals. Currently, the economically important plant of Malaysia, the oil palm, faces the threat of a devastating disease which is particularly caused by a pathogenic fungus, Ganoderma boninense. For the development of an effective antifungal agent, a series of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with a fumigant, dazomet, were prepared using various concentrations of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP)-2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/mL, abbreviated as CDEN2.5, CDEN5, CDEN10, and CDEN20, respectively. The effect of TPP as a crosslinking agent on the resulting particle size of the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated using a particle size analyzer and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Both methods confirmed that increasing the TPP concentration resulted in smaller particles. In addition, in vitro fumigant release at pH 5.5 showed that the release of the fumigant from the nanoparticles was of a sustained manner, with a prolonged release time up to 24 h. Furthermore, the relationship between the chitosan-dazomet nanoparticles and the in vitro antifungal activity against G. boninense was also explored, where the nanoparticles of the smallest size, CDEN20, gave the highest antifungal efficacy with the lowest half maximum effective concentration (EC50) value of 13.7 ± 1.76 ppb. This indicates that the smaller-sized agronanoparticles were more effective as an antifungal agent. The size can be altered, which plays a crucial role in combatting the Ganoderma disease. The agronanoparticles have controlled release properties and high antifungal efficacy on G. boninense, thus making them a promising candidate to be applied in the field for Ganoderma treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology; Antifungal Agents/chemistry*
  9. Patient inaccessibility to antifungal drugs in developing nations: The case of Pakistan
    Saleem A, Khan A, Ahmad A, Khan MU, Babar ZU
    Res Social Adm Pharm, 2017 Nov;13(6):1218.
    PMID: 28768574 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.07.010
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/economics; Antifungal Agents/supply & distribution*
  10. Whole genome sequencing analysis demonstrates therapy-induced echinocandin resistance in Candida auris isolates
    Spruijtenburg B, Ahmad S, Asadzadeh M, Alfouzan W, Al-Obaid I, Mokaddas E, et al.
    Mycoses, 2023 Dec;66(12):1079-1086.
    PMID: 37712885 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13655
    Candida auris is an emerging, multidrug-resistant yeast, causing outbreaks in healthcare facilities. Echinocandins are the antifungal drugs of choice to treat candidiasis, as they cause few side effects and resistance is rarely found. Previously, immunocompromised patients from Kuwait with C. auris colonisation or infection were treated with echinocandins, and within days to months, resistance was reported in urine isolates. To determine whether the development of echinocandin resistance was due to independent introductions of resistant strains or resulted from intra-patient resistance development, whole genome sequencing (WGS) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed on susceptible (n = 26) and echinocandin-resistant (n = 6) isolates from seven patients. WGS SNP analysis identified three distinct clusters differing 17-127 SNPs from two patients, and the remaining isolates from five patients, respectively. Sequential isolates within patients had a maximum of 11 SNP differences over a time period of 1-10 months. The majority of isolates with reduced susceptibility displayed unique FKS1 substitutions including a novel FKS1M690V substitution, and nearly all were genetically related, ranging from only three to six SNP differences compared to susceptible isolates from the same patient. Resistant isolates from three patients shared the common FKS1S639F substitution; however, WGS analysis did not suggest a common source. These findings strongly indicate that echinocandin resistance is induced during antifungal treatment. Future studies should determine whether such echinocandin-resistant strains are capable of long-term colonisation, cause subsequent breakthrough candidiasis, have a propensity to cross-infect other patients, or remain viable for longer time periods in the hospital environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
  11. Bibliometric analysis and thematic review of Candida pathogenesis: Fundamental omics to applications as potential antifungal drugs and vaccines
    Lim SJ, Muhd Noor ND, Sabri S, Mohamad Ali MS, Salleh AB, Oslan SN
    Med Mycol, 2024 Jan 09;62(1).
    PMID: 38061839 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad126
    Invasive candidiasis caused by the pathogenic Candida yeast species has resulted in elevating global mortality. The pathogenicity of Candida spp. is not only originated from its primary invasive yeast-to-hyphal transition; virulence factors (transcription factors, adhesins, invasins, and enzymes), biofilm, antifungal drug resistance, stress tolerance, and metabolic adaptation have also contributed to a greater clinical burden. However, the current research theme in fungal pathogenicity could hardly be delineated with the increasing research output. Therefore, our study analysed the research trends in Candida pathogenesis over the past 37 years via a bibliometric approach against the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Based on the 3993 unique documents retrieved, significant international collaborations among researchers were observed, especially between Germany (Bernhard Hube) and the UK (Julian Naglik), whose focuses are on Candida proteinases, adhesins, and candidalysin. The prominent researchers (Neils Gow, Alistair Brown, and Frank Odds) at the University of Exeter and the University of Aberdeen (second top performing affiliation) UK contribute significantly to the mechanisms of Candida adaptation, tolerance, and stress response. However, the science mapping of co-citation analysis performed herein could not identify a hub representative of subsequent work since the clusters were semi-redundant. The co-word analysis that was otherwise adopted, revealed three research clusters; the cluster-based thematic analyses indicated the severeness of Candida biofilm and antifungal resistance as well as the elevating trend on molecular mechanism elucidation for drug screening and repurposing. Importantly, the in vivo pathogen adaptation and interactions with hosts are crucial for potential vaccine development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
  12. Fulltext Antifungal activities of new coumarins
    Al-Amiery AA, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB
    Molecules, 2012 May 14;17(5):5713-23.
    PMID: 22628043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055713
    Newly synthesized coumarins 4-((5-mercapto-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-methoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one and 4-((5-(phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-methoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one were tested against selected types of fungi and showed significant activities. DFT calculations of the synthesized coumarins were performed using molecular structures with optimized geometries. Molecular orbital calculations provide a detailed description of the orbitals, including spatial characteristics, nodal patterns, and the contributions of individual atoms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*; Antifungal Agents/chemistry
  13. Fulltext Isolation of an obscure fungus, Parengyodontium album, from the blood of a severely neutropenic patient: The first reported case from Malaysia
    Mohamed N, Ding CH, Wahab AA, Tzar MN, Hassan M
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2022 Oct 31;16(10):1668-1670.
    PMID: 36332225 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17016
    Parengyodontium album is a very rarely encountered opportunistic fungal pathogen. A severely neutropenic 11-year-old boy with acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma was febrile and lethargic during his admission for elective chemotherapy. No cutaneous lesion or obvious source of infection was noted, and clinical examination was otherwise unremarkable. A blood specimen was sent for culture and fungal elements were visualized. Amphotericin B was administered empirically while awaiting fungal identification. Morphologically, a hyaline mould with thin septate hyphae plus smooth-walled conidiophores and conidiogenous cells arranged in whorls of up to four was cultured. Internal transcribed spacer region sequencing identified the fungus conclusively as P. album. Repeat blood culture was also positive for the same fungus. Following a two-week course of amphotericin B, fungemia clearance was attained.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
  14. Hypercalcaemia associated with disseminated cryptococcosis
    Aziz H, Adam NL, Karim NA
    BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Dec 08;14(12).
    PMID: 34880036 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245025
    We report an elderly man who presented with giddiness and right-sided weakness, constipation and constitutional symptoms for 6 months duration. Blood investigations indicated hypercalcaemia with normal serum phosphate and acute kidney injury. Serum intact parathyroid hormone was suppressed. CT revealed bilateral tiny lung nodules with right upper lobe tree in bud appearance and incidental findings of bilateral adrenal lesion. Tuberculosis was ruled out. CT adrenal showed multiseptated hypodense rim enhancement adrenal lesion bilaterally. Adrenal function tests were normal except for low dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Right-sided cervical lymph node biopsy confirmed fungal infection with the presence of intracellular and extracellular fungal yeast. Serum cryptococcus antigen titre was positive. Our final diagnosis was disseminated cryptococcosis with lungs, bilateral adrenal gland and lymph nodes involvement. The patient was then treated with antifungal treatment. Serum calcium was normalised after 1 month with marked clinical improvement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
  15. Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: Secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors
    Lim SJ, Mohamad Ali MS, Sabri S, Muhd Noor ND, Salleh AB, Oslan SN
    Med Mycol, 2021 Dec 03;59(12):1127-1144.
    PMID: 34506621 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab053
    Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida spp. especially Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Although the medicinal therapeutic strategies have rapidly improved, the mortality rate as candidiasis has continuously increased. The secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors (VFs) are responsible for fungal invasion, damage and translocation through the host enterocytes besides the evasion from host immune system. VFs such as agglutinin-like sequences (Als), heat shock protein 70, phospholipases, secreted aspartyl proteinases (Sap), lipases, enolases and phytases are mostly hydrolases which degrade or interact with the enterocyte membrane components. Candidalysin, however, acts as a peptide toxin to induce necrotic cell lysis. To date, structural studies of the VFs remain underexplored, hindering their functional analyses. Among the VFs, only Sap and Als have their structures deposited in Protein Data Bank (PDB). Therefore, this review scrutinizes the mechanisms of these VFs by discussing the VF-deficient studies of several Candida spp. and their abilities to produce these VFs. Nonetheless, their latest reported sequential and structural analyses are discussed to impart a wider perception of the host-pathogen interactions and potential vaccine or antifungal drug targets. This review signifies that more VFs structural investigations and mining in the emerging Candida spp. are required to decipher their pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms compared to the prominent C. albicans.

    LAY SUMMARY: Candida virulence factors (VFs) including mainly enzymes and proteins play vital roles in breaching the human intestinal barrier and causing deadly invasive candidiasis. Limited VFs' structural studies hinder deeper comprehension of their mechanisms and thus the design of vaccines and antifungal drugs against fungal infections.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
  16. QSAR classification model for diverse series of antifungal agents based on binary coyote optimization algorithm
    Al-Fakih AM, Qasim MK, Algamal ZY, Alharthi AM, Zainal-Abidin MH
    SAR QSAR Environ Res, 2023 Apr;34(4):285-298.
    PMID: 37157994 DOI: 10.1080/1062936X.2023.2208374
    One of the recently developed metaheuristic algorithms, the coyote optimization algorithm (COA), has shown to perform better in a number of difficult optimization tasks. The binary form, BCOA, is used in this study as a solution to the descriptor selection issue in classifying diverse antifungal series. Z-shape transfer functions (ZTF) are evaluated to verify their efficiency in improving BCOA performance in QSAR classification based on classification accuracy (CA), the geometric mean of sensitivity and specificity (G-mean), and the area under the curve (AUC). The Kruskal-Wallis test is also applied to show the statistical differences between the functions. The efficacy of the best suggested transfer function, ZTF4, is further assessed by comparing it to the most recent binary algorithms. The results prove that ZTF, especially ZTF4, significantly improves the performance of the original BCOA. The ZTF4 function yields the best CA and G-mean of 99.03% and 0.992%, respectively. It shows the fastest convergence behaviour compared to other binary algorithms. It takes the fewest iterations to reach high classification performance and selects the fewest descriptors. In conclusion, the obtained results indicate the ability of the ZTF4-based BCOA to find the smallest subset of descriptors while maintaining the best classification accuracy performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents*
  17. Dual Functions of a Hybrid Magnetic Magnesium Oxide Nanocomposite as a Fungicide and Plant Growth Promoter in Agriculture Applications
    Wee JL, Chan YS, Law MC
    ACS Appl Bio Mater, 2023 Nov 20;6(11):4972-4987.
    PMID: 37910790 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00515
    The use of nanometal oxides in nanoagronomy has garnered considerable attention due to their excellent antifungal and plant growth promotion properties. Hybrid nanometal oxides, which combine the strengths of individual nanomaterials, have emerged as a promising class of materials. In this study, nanomagnesium oxide (n-MgO) and hybrid magnetic nanomagnesium oxide (m/n-MgO) were successfully synthesized via the ultrasound-mediated sol-gel method. Characterization results, including TGA, XRD, VSM, and FTIR, confirmed the successful synthesis of m/n-MgO. Both n-MgO and m/n-MgO underwent antifungal assays and plant growth promotion ability studies, benchmarked against the conventional fungicide-copper oxychloride. This study bridges a significant gap by simultaneously reporting the antifungal properties of both n-MgO and m/n-MgO and their impact on plant growth. The disc diffusion assay suggested that the antifungal activity of n-MgO and m/n-MgO against F. oxysporum was inversely related to the particle size. Notably, n-MgO exhibited superior antifungal performance (lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)) and sustained efficacy compared with m/n-MgO, owing to distinct antifungal mechanisms. Nanorod-shaped MgO, with a smaller size (8.24 ± 5.61 nm) and higher aspect ratio, allowed them to penetrate the fungal cell wall and cause intercellular damage. In contrast, cubical m/n-MgO, with a larger size (20.95 ± 9.99 nm) and lower aspect ratio, accumulate on the fungal cell wall surface, disrupting the wall integrity, albeit less effectively against F. oxysporum. Moreover, in plant growth promotion studies, m/n-MgO-treated samples exhibited a 15.7% stronger promotion effect compared to n-MgO at their respective MICs. In addition, both n-MgO and m/n-MgO outperformed copper oxychloride in terms of antifungal and plant growth promoting activities. Thus, m/n-MgO presents a promising alternative to conventional copper-based fungicides, offering dual functionality as a fungicide and plant growth promoter, while the study also delves into the antifungal mechanisms at the intracellular level, enhancing its novelty.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
  18. Fulltext Whole-Genome Sequencing of Pantoea sp. Strain RIT388, a Potential Oral Opportunistic Pathogen Isolated from a Chewing Stick (Distemonanthus benthamianus)
    Gan HM, Parthasarathy A, Henry KR, Savka MA, Thomas BN, Hudson AO
    Microbiol Resour Announc, 2020 Feb 27;9(9).
    PMID: 32107300 DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01468-19
    In this study, we report the isolation, identification, characterization, and whole-genome sequence of the endophyte Pantoea sp. strain RIT388, isolated from Distemonanthus benthamianus, a plant known for its antifungal and antibacterial properties that is commonly used for chewing sticks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  19. QSAR classification model for diverse series of antifungal agents based on improved binary differential search algorithm
    Al-Fakih AM, Algamal ZY, Lee MH, Aziz M, Ali HTM
    SAR QSAR Environ Res, 2019 Feb;30(2):131-143.
    PMID: 30734580 DOI: 10.1080/1062936X.2019.1568298
    An improved binary differential search (improved BDS) algorithm is proposed for QSAR classification of diverse series of antimicrobial compounds against Candida albicans inhibitors. The transfer functions is the most important component of the BDS algorithm, and converts continuous values of the donor into discrete values. In this paper, the eight types of transfer functions are investigated to verify their efficiency in improving BDS algorithm performance in QSAR classification. The performance was evaluated using three metrics: classification accuracy (CA), geometric mean of sensitivity and specificity (G-mean), and area under the curve. The Kruskal-Wallis test was also applied to show the statistical differences between the functions. Two functions, S1 and V4, show the best classification achievement, with a slightly better performance of V4 than S1. The V4 function takes the lowest iterations and selects the fewest descriptors. In addition, the V4 function yields the best CA and G-mean of 98.07% and 0.977%, respectively. The results prove that the V4 transfer function significantly improves the performance of the original BDS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/classification; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology; Antifungal Agents/chemistry*
  20. A note on the treatment of eczema mycoticum interdigitale (" Singapore foot")
    Paneth O
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;4:212.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
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