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  1. Khan AA, Asari MA, Pasha MA
    Folia Morphol (Warsz), 2015 12 29;75(3):306-310.
    PMID: 26711654 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2015.0130
    Variations of the sciatic nerve have been extensively studied in the past including its relationship with the piriformis muscle and associated clinical conditions like piriformis syndrome and sciatica. In the present study we noticed some interesting variations of the sciatic nerve, which were slightly different from the cases described earlier. In the previous studies most of the authors described the higher division of sciatic nerve and none of them discussed its formation. In this study we tried to look its formation from the sacral plexus and its divisions in the thigh. We noticed that in one cadaver the two components of the sciatic nerve originated directly from the sacral plexus and coursed down without merging in the thigh. Should this be called a higher division or non formation of the sciatic nerve? On the other hand in two other cadavers, the two divisions after emerging separately from the sacral plexus, united in the gluteal region and in the thigh respectively. Should we call this as higher division or low formation of the sciatic nerve? In two other cadavers the sciatic nerve emerged from the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis and divided in the gluteal region itself. Ideally this should be called as higher division of sciatic nerve.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  2. Khamis NK, Deros BM
    J Phys Ther Sci, 2018 Jun;30(6):764-769.
    PMID: 29950761 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.764
    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of seat pressure distribution measurements based on a specific posture to predict the pressure felt level when seated. [Subjects and Methods] To examine the relationship between body pressure data and the driver's perception, eleven subjects were selected to participate in a simulated driving experiment using a pressure mat as a direct measurement method to measure the seat pan's pressure distribution. The buttock-popliteal length was measured using an anthropometer, and the pressure felt ratings evaluated after the body pressure measurements were recorded. Accordingly, this was then followed by performing statistical analysis using seat pressure measurements, and the buttock-popliteal length as independent variables along with subjective ratings selected of the pressure felt by the drivers' as dependent variables. [Results] The findings of this study suggest that the direct measurements and anthropometric body data are positively correlated with the predictive model thereby confirming the validity of the model with an R2 value of 0.952. [Conclusion] The proposed model is expected to provide a useful reference value for new vehicle drivers by providing the pressure felt level based on direct and body measurements in a specific posture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  3. Ahmad Rasdan Ismail, Mohd Afiq Zainal Rosli, Isa Halim, Baba Md. Deros, Mohd Nizam Ab Rahman, Md. Mustafizur Rahman
    MyJurnal
    The main purpose of this study was to establish the comfort zone for bus drivers in a seated position. In addition, this study is to investigate the seated pressure distribution among Malaysian bus drivers. The study consists of 10 bus drivers randomly selected to be a part of this study. The FSA pressure mat was utilized in order to investigate the force distribution of buttock to the seat pan of the drivers’ seat. This device is placed on the driver seat and backrest. Later, the subject would sit on for several minute. The finding reveals that most of the bus drivers feel discomfort by having low back pain and musculoskeletal disorder. The seat pressure distribution of Malaysian busses indicated that the seat not able to absorb high pressure generated from buttock that later may cause the discomfort and restricted the performance of drivers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  4. Hanani Yuhaniz, Asnawi Seraila, Siti Rafedah Abdul Karim, Suhaimi Muhammed, Abdul Hamid Saleh
    MyJurnal
    In developing ergonomically sound furniture, there is a need in evaluating anthropometrics from various aspect such as gender differences. The objectives of this study was to evaluate anthropometrics differences between genders of children in Malaysia in order to determine the need in having specified chairs for each gender. Represented by four states in Malaysia, a total of 2400 children were involved in the study. A custom made measurer and an anthropometer were used to measure the subjects. Six body measurements, which are, sitting shoulder height, sitting subscapular height, shoulder breadth, buttock popliteal length, popliteal height and hip width were documented for evaluation. From this study, there were some significant differences on some body parts while other body parts were similar to male and female. Therefore, chairs are needed to be made according to the suitability of both gender.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  5. Hanani Yuhaniz, Asnawi Seraila, Suhaimi Muhammed, Abdul Hamid Saleh
    MyJurnal
    This study on anthropometrics of Primary School children from grade 1 to 5 in Peninsular Malaysia involves 2310 students aged seven to eleven years old. The objectives were to analyze the differentiation of anthropometrics between children of grades 1 to 5 and grouping them to suitable levels in which they are appropriate to propose chair dimensions. A multi-stage sampling method was used, and rural and urban areas were also included in providing anthropometric database that represents the whole Peninsular Malaysia population. There were six dimensions measured in this study, which are sitting shoulder, sitting subscapular height, sitting elbow height, hip width, buttock-popliteal length and popliteal height. All the measurements were chosen to represent dimensions needed to construct ergonomic school chair. From the results, ANOVA showed p-values of
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  6. Jahanbakhsh J, Salmah WM, Abubakar NT, Samsudin H
    MyJurnal
    Lymphangiomas are hamartomatous congenital malformations of the lymphatic system that usually involve subcutaneous tissues of cervico-facial region. Rarely, it can be found in subcutaneous tissue of proximal extremities, the buttocks and the trunk. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the best modality to assess the tumor specification and extension. We report a case of lymphangioma at a rare site with its radiological features and patient responsed to the sclerosant therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  7. Teo Chuun, B., Dian Darina Indah, D., Darliana, M.
    MyJurnal
    This study is aimed at seat design optimization for high-speed train based on the Malaysians sitting anthropometry
    data focusing on seat fit parameters. An analysis of anthropometry data composed of 15 dimensions that are
    required in seat design was done with 50 male subjects. These data were collected through direct measuring
    methods with standard equipment. According to the Malaysian automotive seat fit parameters, the backrest width,
    backrest height, cushion width, and cushion length were established based on these anthropometric dimensions:
    interscye breadth (5th percentile female and 95th percentile male), hip breadth (95th percentile female), sitting
    shoulder height (5th percentile female), and buttock-popliteal length (5th percentile female), respectively. This
    study uses the CATIA software to design and analyse the proposed seat design. The fit parameters proposed for the
    new design are seat height, 380mm; cushion width, 450mm; backrest width, 450mm and backrest height, 850mm.
    The CATIA human activity analysis (based on Rapid Upper Limb Analysis, RULA) was also executed. From the study,
    the new conceptual seat design gives the most optimized fit when compared to the current seat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  8. Alhabshi SM, Abd Rashid M
    BMJ Case Rep, 2013;2013.
    PMID: 23429032 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-008680
    Aggressive angiomyxoma is a benign soft tissue tumour usually affecting the pelvis and perineum predominantly in women. Because of its variable presentation, this tumour is often clinically misdiagnosed as liposarcoma. We describe a case of a 38-year-old woman who presented with a large perineal and gluteal mass which increased in size in one year. Ultrasound showed hypoechoic mixed solid and cystic mass. Contrasted CT and MRI examinations showed typical appearance of swirling and layering pattern. She had undergone TAHBSO as the mass was difficult to dissect intra-operatively. The post-operative specimen confirmed to be an aggressive angiomyxoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks/pathology*
  9. Low SF, Sridharan R, Ngiu CS
    BMJ Case Rep, 2015 Feb 06;2015.
    PMID: 25661748 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-202534
    An epidermal cyst is the most common type of cyst to occur in subcutaneous tissue. When its size is greater than 5 cm, it is recognised as a giant epidermal cyst. A subcutaneous giant epidermal cyst with intramuscular extension is extremely rare. The authors report a case of a 74-year-old man who presented with a painless, slow-growing left gluteal mass of 6-month duration. Examination revealed a large left gluteal mass that was fixed to the underlying structures. A small epidermal cyst with visible punctum was noted at the medial aspect of the mass. MRI demonstrated a large, lobulated left gluteal lesion measuring 20 cm×16 cm×10 cm. The lesion was partly within the gluteal maximus muscle and partly within the subcutaneous tissue. MRI and ultrasound features of the lesion were consistent with a giant epidermal cyst with intramuscular extension. The lesion was excised and histology confirmed the diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  10. Sultan M, Burezq H, Bang RL, El-Kabany M, Eskaf W
    World J Surg Oncol, 2008;6:81.
    PMID: 18664291 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-6-81
    Liposarcoma is the second most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults with a peak incidence between the 4th and 6th decade of life and slight preponderance to the male gender. It originates from multipotential primitive mesenchymal cells, rather than mature adipose tissue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  11. Roh YH, Yoo SJ, Choi YH, Yang HC, Nam KW
    Malays Orthop J, 2020 Nov;14(3):32-41.
    PMID: 33403060 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2011.007
    Introduction: The symptoms of Ischiogluteal Bursitis (IGB) are often nonspecific and atypical, and its diagnosis is more challenging. Moreover, it is difficult to predict cases of chronic progression or poor treatment response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical course of IGB patients and identify factors that are predictive of failure of conservative treatment.

    Materials and Methods: Our study consisted of IGB patients diagnosed between 2010 March and 2016 December who had been followed-up for at least one year. Structured questionnaires and medical records were reviewed to analyse demographic characteristics, lifestyle patterns, blood tests, and imaging studies. We categorized the cases into two groups based on the response to conservative treatment and the need for surgical intervention.

    Results: The most common initial chief symptoms were buttock pains in 24 patients (37.5%). Physical examinations showed the tenderness of ischial tuberosity area in 59 (92.2%) patients, but no specific findings were confirmed in 5 patients (7.8%). 51 patients (79.7%) responded well to the conservative management, 11 patients (17.2%) needed injection, and 2 patients (3.1%) had surgical treatment performed due to continuous recurrence. There was no difference in demographic and blood lab data between the two groups. However, the incidence of inflammatory diseases (response group: 10.3% vs non-response group: 66.7%, p=0.004) was significantly different between the two groups.

    Conclusion: The diagnosis of IGB can be missed due to variations in clinical symptoms, and cautions should be exercised in patients with inflammatory diseases as conservative treatment is less effective in them, leading to chronic progression of IGB.

    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  12. Akmal Hisham, Devananthan Ilenghoven, Wan Syazli Wan Ahmad Kamal, Salina Ibrahim, Shah Jumaat Mohd Yussof
    The emergence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionized the prognosis of HIV-infected patients. However, the extended use of HAART is associated with a disfiguring complication termed lipodystrophy, a disorder of body fat maldistribution causing peripheral fat loss (lipoatrophy) and central fat accumulation (lipohypertrophy). Lipoatrophy commonly affects the face, legs, buttocks and arm, whilst lipohypertrophy frequently favours the abdomen, breast and dorsocervical region. To our knowledge, we present only the second documented case in the literature of a labia majora lipohypertrophy in a HIV-positive patient receiving long-term HAART. The severity of labial abnormality caused significant physical and functional morbidities. Labiaplasty with dermolipectomy of the labia majora and excisional lipectomy of the mons pubis was successfully performed. At a 6-month follow-up, patient had no recurrence with resolution of symptoms and resumption of normal activities of daily living (ADL).
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  13. Adib Asmawi Mohd Yusoff, Irniza Rasdi, Ahmed S. Mahmoud Ben Hameid, Karmegam Karuppiah
    MyJurnal
    Ergonomic is important in classroom. Sitting for protracted period in class may lead students to develop musculoskeletal disorders. Their physical health and performance in the class may increase by designing school furniture that match with human body. In Malaysia, there is a lack of ergonomic assessment for school environment especially in urban areas. The aim of this study is to determine the mismatch between the furniture dimension and anthropometric parameters among primary school children in Putrajaya. This is a cross-sectional study which involved 100, Year 1 and Year 6 primary school students randomly selected in Putrajaya. Five anthropometric measurements (popliteal height, buttock popliteal length, elbow height, shoulder height (sitting), hip breadth) as well as five furniture dimensions (seat height, seat depth, seat width, backrest height and seat to desk height) were measured. Instrument used is Martin type anthropometer set, SECA body meter, and SECA weighing scale. Calculation for determining mismatch between the furniture and anthropometric measures were calculated using a standard mismatch formula. There was 100% mismatch for seat height, seat depth, and seat to seat to desk height for Year 1. As for Year 6, mismatch was reported 100% for backrest height and seat to desk height. There were significance difference for parameters of popliteal height between Year 1 and Year 6 and between male and female of Year 1. There was a presence of mismatch between furniture dimension and children anthropometric measurement. Proposed dimension of furniture shows decrease in percentage of mismatch for the most parameter of anthropometric measurement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  14. Ahmad Kamil MA, Mohd Affandi A
    Dermatol Res Pract, 2018;2018:2017959.
    PMID: 29951091 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2017959
    Introduction: Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by inflamed nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts, and scarring, which can occur in any skin containing folliculopilosebaceous units. We aim to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment modalities in patients with HS.

    Methods: A retrospective analysis involving records of patients diagnosed with HS in Hospital Kuala Lumpur from July 2009 to June 2016.

    Results: Sixty-two patients were identified, with equal cases involving males and females. Majority of patients were Malays (41.9%), followed by Indians (35.5%), Chinese (17.7%), and other ethnicities (4.8%). Median age at diagnosis was 25 (IQR: 14) years. There is a delay in diagnosis with a median of 24 (IQR: 52) months. Most of the patients had lesions on the axilla (85.5%), followed by groin (33.9%) and gluteal region (29%). Gluteal lesions were more common in males. Nodules (67.7%), sinuses (56.5%), and abscesses (33.9%) were the main clinical features, with 43.5% classified under Hurley stage 2. There was no difference in terms of symptoms and types of lesions among different ethnicities and genders. Majority received systemic antibiotics, more than half had retinoid, and third of the patients had surgical intervention.

    Conclusions: A prompt recognition of HS is imperative, to screen for comorbidities and to initiate early treatment to reduce physical and psychological complications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  15. Akmal Hisham, Devananthan Ilenghoven, Wan Syazli Wan Ahmad Kamal, Salina Ibrahim, Shah Jumaat Mohd Yussof
    MyJurnal
    The emergence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionized the prognosis of HIV-infected patients. However, the extended use of HAART is associated with a disfiguring complication termed lipodystrophy, a disorder of body fat maldistribution causing peripheral fat loss (lipoatrophy) and central fat accumulation (lipohypertrophy). Lipoatrophy commonly affects the face, legs, buttocks and arm, whilst lipohypertrophy frequently favours the abdomen, breast and dorsocervical region. To our knowledge, we present only the second documented case in the literature of a labia majora lipohypertrophy in a HIV-positive patient receiving long-term HAART. The severity of labial abnormality caused significant physical and functional morbidities. Labiaplasty with dermolipectomy of the labia majora and excisional lipectomy of the mons pubis was successfully performed. At a 6-month follow-up, patient had no recurrence with resolution of symptoms and resumption of normal activities of daily living (ADL).
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  16. Mohamed S, Abdullah B, Singh DA, Heng KS
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Jul;2(3):e26.
    PMID: 21614240 DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.3.e26
    Chronic wounds and scar tissues are prone to skin cancer. In 1828, Jean-Nicholas Marjolin described the occurrence of tumours in post-traumatic scar tissue. He did not, however, identify the warty ulcers he described as malignant. It was Dupuytren, who about two years later, noted that these lesions were cancerous. The eponym was bestowed by Da Costa in 1903. Marjolin's ulcer no longer refers only to carcinomas secondary to burns and is classified as a malignancy that arises from previously traumatised, chronically inflamed, or scarred skin. It has been reported in relation to osteomyelitis, venous stasis ulcer, tropical ulcers, chronic decubitus ulcer, frostbite, pilonidal sinus, vaccination site, urinary fistula, hidradenitis suppurativa, skin graft donor site, gunshot wounds, puncture wounds, dog bites, and lupus rash. Early arising Marjolin's ulcer has rarely been described in literature. In this case report, we present the CT appearances of Marjolin's ulcer in the left gluteal region of a young man.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  17. Nasiri S, Barat T, Bidari-Zerehpoosh F, Mozafari N
    Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(2):30-33.
    PMID: 32843942
    Atypical forms of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, which indicate severe impairment of cellular immunity can be challenging to diagnose. In this paper, we report the case of an atypical HSV infection presenting as chronic nonhealing wounds, which are the first sign of HIV, in a 50-year-old female patient. The lesions had emerged as two large, chronic, and painful ulcerations on the left buttock and labia major 8 months prior. The skin biopsy revealed multinucleated keratinocytes with ground glass nuclei and intranuclear Cowdry type A viral inclusions. A serologic test for HIV-1 was positive. Her CD4+ T-cell count was 42/mm3. Clinicians should be familiar with the dermatologic manifestations of HIV, as they are occasionally key to correctly suspecting an underlying HIV infection, allowing for early diagnosis and treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  18. Chua WC, Mazlan MZ, Ali S, Che Omar S, Wan Hassan WMN, Seevaunnantum SP, et al.
    IDCases, 2017;9:91-94.
    PMID: 28725564 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2017.05.002
    We report a fatal case of post-partum streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in a patient who was previously healthy and had presented to the emergency department with an extensive blistering ecchymotic lesions over her right buttock and thigh associated with severe pain. The pregnancy had been uncomplicated, and the mode of delivery had been spontaneous vaginal delivery with an episiotomy. She was found to have septicemic shock requiring high inotropic support. Subsequently, she was treated for necrotizing fasciitis, complicated by septicemic shock and multiple organ failures. A consensus was reached for extensive wound debridement to remove the source of infection; however, this approach was abandoned due to the patient's hemodynamic instability and the extremely high risks of surgery. Both the high vaginal swab and blister fluid culture revealed Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus infection. Intravenous carbapenem in combination with clindamycin was given. Other strategies attempted for streptococcal toxic removal included continuous veno-venous hemofiltration and administration of intravenous immunoglobulin. Unfortunately, the patient's condition worsened, and she succumbed to death on day 7 of hospitalization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
  19. Vaiyapuri GR, Han HC, Lee LC, Tseng LA, Wong HF
    Int Urogynecol J, 2011 Jul;22(7):869-77.
    PMID: 21479713 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-011-1400-9
    INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This retrospective study reports the 1-year outcome in women who underwent mesh-augmented Prolift surgery performed from 2006 to 2008. There were a total of 254 patients, with 128, 106 and 20 patients receiving total, anterior and posterior Prolift, respectively.

    METHODS: Incidence of thigh pain was lower in 2008 compared to 2006 and 2007 (p < 0.0001). The percentage of patients requiring blood transfusions (p = 0.09), duration of IDC ≥ 7 days (p = 0.27), wound dehiscence and re-operation rate were lower in 2008 in contrast to 2006 and 2007 (p = 0.43). Only 209 patients (82.3%) were available for review at 1 year. There were two (1.0%) cases of recurrent vault prolapse.

    RESULTS: The subjective and objective cure rates at 1 year after this mesh implant surgery in 2006, 2007 and 2008 were 92.1% and 92.1%; 97.0% and 92.4% and 100% and 97%, respectively. The mesh erosion rate was remarkably lower in 2008 as compared to 2007 and 2006 (p < 0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: This synthetic mesh-augmented implant surgery is effective and safe, and surgical outcome appears related to the learning curve of the surgeon.

    Matched MeSH terms: Buttocks
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