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  1. Optimization of Water/Oil/Surfactant System for Preparation of Medium-Chain-Length Poly-3-Hydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA)-Incorporated Nanoparticles via Nanoemulsion Templating Technique
    Ishak KA, Annuar MSM, Ahmad N
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2017 Dec;183(4):1191-1208.
    PMID: 28502064 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2492-6
    Polymeric nanoparticles gain a widespread interest in food and pharmaceutical industries as delivery systems that encapsulate, protect, and release lipophilic compounds such as omega-3 fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, carotenoids, carvedilol, cyclosporine, and ketoprofen. In this study, medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA)-incorporated nanoparticle was developed via facile organic solvent-free nanoemulsion templating technique. The water content (W/surfactant-to-oil (S/O)), S/O, and Cremophor EL-to-Span 80 (Cremo/Sp80) ratios were first optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain nanoemulsion template prior to incorporation of mcl-PHA. Their effects on nanoemulsion formation were investigated. The mcl-PHA-incorporated nanoparticle system showed a good preservation capability of β-carotene and extended storage stability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/chemistry*
  2. Fulltext Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters
    Mahdi ES, Sakeena MH, Abdulkarim MF, Abdullah GZ, Sattar MA, Noor AM
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2011;5:311-23.
    PMID: 21792294 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S15698
    The purpose of this study was to select appropriate surfactants or blends of surfactants to study the ternary phase diagram behavior of newly introduced palm kernel oil esters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/chemistry*
  3. Fulltext Investigations on the generation of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions through the combination of ultrasound and microchannel
    Manickam S, Sivakumar K, Pang CH
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2020 Dec;69:105258.
    PMID: 32702637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105258
    O/W nanoemulsions are isotropic colloidal systems constituted of oil droplets dispersed in continuous aqueous media and stabilised by surfactant molecules. Nanoemulsions hold applications in more widespread technological domains, more crucially in the pharmaceutical industry. Innovative nanoemulsion-based drug delivery system has been suggested as a powerful alternative strategy through the useful means of encapsulating, protecting, and delivering the poorly water-soluble bioactive components. Consequently, there is a need to generate an emulsion with small and consistent droplets. Diverse studies acknowledged that ultrasonic cavitation is a feasible and energy-efficient method in making pharmaceutical-grade nanoemulsions. This method offers more notable improvements in terms of stability with a lower Ostwald ripening rate. Meanwhile, a microstructured reactor, for instance, microchannel, has further been realised as an innovative technology that facilitates combinatorial approaches with the acceleration of reaction, analysis, and measurement. The recent breakthrough that has been achieved is the controlled generation of fine and monodispersed multiple emulsions through microstructured reactors. The small inner dimensions of microchannel display properties such as short diffusion paths and high specific interfacial areas, which increase the mass and heat transfer rates. Hence, the combination of ultrasonic cavitation with microstructures (microchannel) provides process intensification of creating a smaller monodispersed nanoemulsion system. This investigation is vital as it will then facilitate the creation of new nanoemulsion based drug delivery system continuously. Following this, the fabrication of microchannel and setup of its combination with ultrasound was conducted in the generation of O/W nanoemulsion, as well as optimisation to analyse the effect of varied operating parameters on the mean droplet diameter and dispersity of the nanoemulsion generated, besides monitoring the stability of the nanoemulsion. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images were also carried out for the droplet size measurements. In short, the outcomes of this study are encouraging, which necessitates further investigations to be carried out to advance a better understanding of coupling microchannel with ultrasound to produce pharmaceutical-grade nanoemulsions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/chemistry
  4. Cellular uptake of Nigella sativa oil-PLGA microparticle by PC-12 cell line
    Doolaanea AA, Mansor N', Mohd Nor NH, Mohamed F
    J Microencapsul, 2014;31(6):600-8.
    PMID: 24697178 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.898709
    The aim of this study is to investigate the cell uptake of Nigella sativa oil (NSO)-PLGA microparticle by neuron-like PC-12 cells in comparison to surfactants; hydrophilic (Tween 80 & Triton X100) and hydrophobic (Span 80). Solvent evaporation was used to precisely control the size, zeta potential and morphology of the particle. The results revealed varying efficiencies of the cell uptake by PC-12 cells, which may be partially attributed to the surface hydrophobicity of the microparticles. Interestingly, the uptake efficiency of PC-12 cells was higher with the more hydrophilic microparticle. NSO microparticle showed evidence of being preferably internalised by mitotic cells. Tween 80 microparticle showed the highest cell uptake efficiency with a concentration-dependent pattern suggesting its use as uptake enhancer for non-scavenging cells. In conclusion, PC-12 cells can take up NSO-PLGA microparticle which may have potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/pharmacokinetics; Hexoses/pharmacology; Hexoses/chemistry
  5. Fulltext Optimization of vanillin production using isoeugenol as substrate by Aspergillus niger I-1472
    Tan, M. C., Liew, S. L., Wan Aida, W. M., Osman, H., Maskat, M. Y.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(4):1651-1656.
    MyJurnal
    Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used in the study to optimize the production of vanillin from isoeugenol through fermentation by Aspergillus niger I-1472. Three factors were studied which include amount of isoeugenol, resin (Amberlite XAD-4) and Span 80. During fermentation, isoeugenol as substrate were vortexed with Span 80 and added into the culture on Day 4. Resin (Amberlite XAD-4) was added into the medium the following day. The predicted optimum medium combination consisted of 3.61 g/L of isoeugenol, 5.8% (g/ mL) of Amberlite XAD-4 resin and 0.37% of Span 80 with an expected vanillin production of 0.137 g/L. Verification test showed that the model produced similar predicted and experimental values.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses
  6. Biohydrogen productions from hydrolysate of water hyacinth stem (eichhornia crassipes) using anaerobic mixed cultures
    Pattra S, Sureewan Sittijunda
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:51-58.
    Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize key factors affecting
    hydrogen production (HP) from diluted acid hydrolysate of water-hyacinth stem (WHS) by heat-treated anaerobic sludge
    in a batch fermentation process. Key factors affecting namely substrate concentration and initial pH was investigated.
    The results indicated that substrate concentration and initial pH had significantly effects on HP (p<0.05). A maximum HP
    hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield of 182.7 mmol H2
    /L, 2.81 mmol H2
    /L h and 0.84 mol H2
    /mol hexose were
    obtained under the optimum conditions i.e. substrate concentration of 4.06 g/L and initial pH of 5.81. The total energy
    production from the fermentative of WHS hydrolysate was 1.97 kJ.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses
  7. Excipient selection and aerodynamic characterization of nebulized lipid-based nanoemulsion loaded with docetaxel for lung cancer treatment
    Asmawi AA, Salim N, Ngan CL, Ahmad H, Abdulmalek E, Masarudin MJ, et al.
    Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2019 04;9(2):543-554.
    PMID: 29691812 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0526-4
    Docetaxel has demonstrated extraordinary anticancer effects on lung cancer. However, lack of optimal bioavailability due to poor solubility and high toxicity at its therapeutic dose has hampered the clinical use of this anticancer drug. Development of nanoemulsion formulation along with biocompatible excipients aimed for pulmonary delivery is a potential strategy to deliver this poorly aqueous soluble drug with improved bioavailability and biocompatibility. In this work, screening and selection of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients at their minimal optimal concentration have been conducted. The selected nanoemulsion formulations were prepared using high-energy emulsification technique and subjected to physicochemical and aerodynamic characterizations. The formulated nanoemulsion had mean particle size and ζ-potential in the range of 90 to 110 nm and - 30 to - 40 mV respectively, indicating high colloidal stability. The pH, osmolality, and viscosity of the systems met the ideal requirement for pulmonary application. The DNE4 formulation exhibited slow drug release and excellent stability even under the influence of extreme environmental conditions. This was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy as uniform spherical droplets in nanometer range were observed after storage at 45 ± 1 °C for 3 months indicating high thermal stability. The nebulized DNE4 exhibited desirable aerosolization properties for pulmonary delivery application and found to be more selective on human lung carcinoma cell (A549) than normal cell (MRC-5). Hence, these characteristics make the formulation a great candidate for the potential use as a carrier system for docetaxel in targeting lung cancer via pulmonary delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/administration & dosage; Hexoses/chemistry
  8. Recovery of kraft lignin from pulping wastewater via emulsion liquid membrane process
    Ooi ZY, Harruddin N, Othman N
    Biotechnol Prog, 2015 Sep-Oct;31(5):1305-14.
    PMID: 26101101 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2129
    Kraft lignin (KL) is a renewable source of many valuable intermediate biochemical products currently derived from petroleum. An excessive of lignin comes from pulping wastewater caused an adverse pollution problems hence affecting human and aquatic life. A comprehensive study pertaining to emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) extraction of lignin from pulping wastewater was presented. ELM formulation contains Aliquat 336 as carrier, kerosene as diluent, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) as stripping agent and Span 80 as surfactant. The emulsion stability was investigated at different surfactant concentrations, homogenizer speed and emulsification time. Modifier (2-ethyl-1-hexanol) was added to avoid segregation of third phase while improving the emulsion stability. At optimum conditions, 95% and 56% of lignin were extracted and recovered, respectively at 10 min of extraction time, 0.007 M of Aliquat 336, 0.1 M of NaHCO3 and 1:5 of treat ratio. Additional of modifier was contributed to highest recovery up to 98%. The ELM process was found to be equally feasible and quite effective in the recovery of KL from real pulping wastewater. Therefore, ELM process provides a promising alternative technology to recover KL from pulping wastewater while solving the environmental problems simultaneously.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses
  9. Co-encapsulation of gemcitabine and tocotrienols in nanovesicles enhanced efficacy in pancreatic cancer
    Maniam G, Mai CW, Zulkefeli M, Fu JY
    Nanomedicine (Lond), 2021 02;16(5):373-389.
    PMID: 33543651 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0374
    Aim: To synthesize niosomes co-encapsulating gemcitabine (GEM) and tocotrienols, and physicochemically characterize and evaluate the antipancreatic effects of the nanoformulation on Panc 10.05, SW 1990, AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. Materials & methods: Niosomes-entrapping GEM and tocotrienols composed of Span 60, cholesterol and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate were produced by Handjani-Vila and film hydration methods. Results: The film hydration produced vesicles measuring 161.9 ± 0.5 nm, approximately 50% smaller in size than Handjani-Vila method, with maximum entrapment efficiencies of 20.07 ± 0.22% for GEM and 34.52 ± 0.10% for tocotrienols. In Panc 10.05 cells, GEM's antiproliferative effect was enhanced 2.78-fold in combination with tocotrienols. Niosomes produced a significant ninefold enhancement in cytotoxicity of the combination, supported by significantly higher cellular uptake of GEM in the cells. Conclusion: This study is a proof of concept on the synthesis of dual-drug niosomes and their efficacy on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses
  10. Alginate-based emulsion template containing high oil loading stabilized by nonionic surfactants
    Ong WD, Tey BT, Quek SY, Tang SY, Chan ES
    J Food Sci, 2015 Jan;80(1):E93-E100.
    PMID: 25529579 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12729
    Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion-gel systems containing high oil payloads are of increasing interest for food applications because of the reduction in encapsulation cost, consumption frequency or volume of food products. This study shows a facile approach to prepare stable alginate-based O/W emulsions at high oil loading using a mixture of nonionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 20) as a template to form gelled-emulsions. The synergistic effects of alginate and surfactants on the O/W emulsion properties were evaluated in terms of oil droplet size and emulsion stability. At 2% (w/v) of alginate and 1% (w/v) of surfactants, the size distribution of oil droplets was narrow and monomodal, even at an oil loading of 70% (v/v). The emulsions formed were stable against phase separation. The oil droplet size could be further reduced to below 1 μm using a high-shear homogenizer. The emulsions formed could be easily molded and gelled into solids of different shapes via ionic gelation. The findings of this study create possible avenues for applications in food industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/chemistry
  11. Enhanced fermentable sugar production from kitchen waste using various pretreatments
    Hafid HS, Rahman NA, Md Shah UK, Baharudin AS
    J Environ Manage, 2015 Jun 1;156:290-8.
    PMID: 25900092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.045
    The kitchen waste fraction in municipal solid waste contains high organic matter particularly carbohydrate that can contribute to fermentable sugar production for subsequent conversion to bioethanol. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of single and combination pretreatments of kitchen waste by liquid hot water, mild acid pretreatment of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and enzymatic hydrolysis (glucoamylase). The maximum total fermentable sugar produced after combination pretreatment by 1.5% HCl and glucoamylase consisted of 93.25 g/L glucose, 0.542 g/L sucrose, 0.348 g/L maltose, and 0.321 g/L fructose. The glucose released by the combination pretreatment method was 0.79 g glucose/g KW equivalent to 79% of glucose conversion. The effects of the pre-treatment on kitchen waste indicated that the highest solubilization was 40% by the combination method of 1.5% HCl and glucoamylase. The best combination pre-treatment gave concentrations of lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid of 11.74 g/L, 6.77 g/L, and 1.02 g/L, respectively. The decrease of aliphatic absorbance bands of polysaccharides at 2851 and 2923 cm(-1) and the increase on structures of carbonyl absorbance bands at 1600 cm(-1) reflects the progress of the kitchen waste hydrolysis to fermentable sugars. Overall, 1.5% HCl and glucoamylase treatment was the most profitable process as the minimum selling price of glucose was USD 0.101/g kitchen waste. Therefore, the combination pretreatment method was proposed to enhance the production of fermentable sugar, particularly glucose from kitchen waste as the feedstock for bioethanol production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/isolation & purification*
  12. Fulltext Production of Nanoemulsions from Palm-Based Tocotrienol Rich Fraction by Microfluidization
    Goh PS, Ng MH, Choo YM, Amru NB, Chuah CH
    Molecules, 2015;20(11):19936-46.
    PMID: 26556328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119666
    In the present study, tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) nanoemulsions were produced as an alternative approach to improve solubility and absorption of tocotrienols. In the present study, droplet size obtained after 10 cycles of homogenization with increasing pressure was found to decrease from 120 to 65.1 nm. Nanoemulsions stabilized with Tween series alone or emulsifier blend Brij 35:Span 80 (0.6:0.4 w/w) homogenized at 25,000 psi and 10 cycles, produced droplet size less than 100 nm and a narrow size distribution with a polydispersity index (PDI) value lower than 0.2. However blend of Tween series with Span 80 produced nanoemulsions with droplet size larger than 200 nm. This work has also demonstrated the amount of tocols losses in TRF nanoemulsion stabilized Tweens alone or emulsifier blend Brij 35:Span 80 (0.6:0.4 w/w) ranged between 3%-25%. This can be attributed to the interfacial film formed surrounding the droplets exhibited different level of oxidative stability against heat and free radicals created during high pressure emulsification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses
  13. Fulltext Anticoagulant Activity of Polyphenolic-Polysaccharides Isolated from Melastoma malabathricum L
    Khoo LT, Abas F, Abdullah JO, Mohd Tohit ER, Hamid M
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014;2014:614273.
    PMID: 24987430 DOI: 10.1155/2014/614273
    Melastoma malabathricum Linn. is a perennial traditional medicine plants that grows abundantly throughout Asian countries. In this study, M. malabathricum Linn. leaf hot water crude extract with anticoagulant activity was purified through solid phase extraction cartridge and examined for the bioactive chemical constituents on blood coagulation reaction. The SPE purified fractions were, respectively, designated as F1, F2, F3, and F4, and each was subjected to the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) anticoagulant assay. Active anticoagulant fractions (F1, F2, and F3) were subjected to chemical characterisation evaluation. Besides, neutral sugar for carbohydrate part was also examined. F1, F2, and F3 were found to significantly prolong the anticoagulant activities in the following order, F1 > F2 > F3, in a dose dependent manner. In addition, carbohydrate, hexuronic acid, and polyphenolic moiety were measured for the active anticoagulant fractions (F1, F2, and F3). The characterisation of chemical constituents revealed that all these three fractions contained acidic polysaccharides (rhamnogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, and rhamnose hexose-pectic type polysaccharide) and polyphenolics. Hence, it was concluded that the presence of high hexuronic acids and polysaccharides, as well as polyphenolics in traditional medicinal plant, M. malabathricum, played a role in prolonging blood clotting in the intrinsic pathway.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses
  14. Transdermal delivery of oxybutynin chloride proniosomal gels for the treatment of overactive bladder
    Rajabalaya R, David SR, Chellian J, Xin Yun G, Chakravarthi S
    Drug Deliv, 2016 Jun;23(5):1578-87.
    PMID: 26634274 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1116027
    CONTEXT: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common problem and anticholinergic drugs are first-line therapy, but they have side effects.

    OBJECTIVE: Development of oxybutynin chloride (OC) proniosomal gels and analyses of its efficacy for OAB treatment.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phase separation coacervation was used to prepare proniosomal gels using various non-ionic surfactants, lipids, soy lecithin and isopropyl alcohol. Gels were characterized with regard to entrapment efficiency (EE), vesicle size, surface morphology (using environmental scanning electron microscopy [E-SEM]), stability, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, in vitro skin permeation, in vivo animal studies and histopathology.

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: EE was 87-92%, vesicle size was 0.38-5.0 μm, and morphology showed some loosened pores in proniosomes after hydration. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy showed no significant shifts in peaks corresponding to OC and excipients. Most formulations exhibited >50% permeation but the cholesterol-containing formulations P3 (Span 20:Span 60 [1:1]) and P4 [Tween 20:Tween 80 (1:1)] had the highest percent cumulative permeation. P3 and P4 also showed faster recovery of cholinergic effects on salivary glands than oral formulations. P3 and P4 had pronounced therapeutic effects in reduction of urinary frequency and demonstrated improvements in bladder morphology (highly regenerative surface of the transitional epithelium).

    CONCLUSION: These results suggest that OC could be incorporated into proniosomal gels for transdermal delivery in the treatment of OAB.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/chemistry*
  15. Fulltext Optimization of process parameters in preparation of tocotrienol-rich red palm oil-based nanoemulsion stabilized by Tween80-Span 80 using response surface methodology
    Chong WT, Tan CP, Cheah YK, B Lajis AF, Habi Mat Dian NL, Kanagaratnam S, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(8):e0202771.
    PMID: 30142164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202771
    Red palm oil (RPO) is a natural source of Vitamin E (70-80% tocotrienol). It is a potent natural antioxidant that can be used in skin-care products. Its antioxidant property protects skin from inflammation and aging. In our work, a tocotrienol-rich RPO-based nanoemulsion formulation was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and formulated using high pressure homogenizer. Effect of the concentration of three independent variables [surfactant (5-15 wt%), co-solvent (10-30 wt%) and homogenization pressure (500-700 bar)] toward two response variables (droplet size, polydispersity index) was studied using central composite design (CCD) coupled to RSM. RSM analysis showed that the experimental data could be fitted into a second-order polynomial model and the coefficients of multiple determination (R2) is 0.9115. The optimized formulation of RPO-based nanoemulsion consisted of 6.09 wt% mixed surfactant [Tween 80/Span 80 (63:37, wt)], 20 wt% glycerol as a co-solvent via homogenization pressure (500 bar). The optimized tocotrienol-rich RPO-based nanoemulsion response values for droplet size and polydispersity index were 119.49nm and 0.286, respectively. The actual values of the formulated nanoemulsion were in good agreement with the predicted values obtained from RSM, thus the optimized compositions have the potential to be used as a nanoemulsion for cosmetic formulations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/chemistry*
  16. Development and in-vitro characterization of fish oil oleogels containing benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid as keratolytic agents
    Rehman K, Tan CM, Zulfakar MH
    Drug Res (Stuttg), 2014 Mar;64(3):159-65.
    PMID: 24026957 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1355351
    Topical keratolytic agents such as benzoyl peroxide (BP) and salicylic acid (SA) are one of the common treatments for inflammatory skin diseases. However, the amount of drug delivery through the skin is limited due to the stratum corneum. The purposes of this study were to investigate the ability of fish oil to act as penetration enhancer for topical keratolytic agents and to determine the suitable gelator for formulating stable fish oil oleogels. 2 types of gelling agents, beeswax and sorbitan monostearate (Span 60), were used to formulate oleogels. To investigate the efficacy of fish oil oleogel permeation, commercial hydrogels of benzoyl peroxide (BP) and salicylic acid (SA) were used as control, and comparative analysis was performed using Franz diffusion cell. Stability of oleogels was determined by physical assessments at 20°C and 40°C storage. Benzoyl peroxide (BP) fish oil oleogels containing beeswax were considered as better formulations in terms of drug permeation and cumulative drug release. All the results were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05, ANOVA) and it was concluded that the beeswax-fish oil combination in oleogel can prove to be beneficial in terms of permeation across the skin and stability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/chemistry
  17. Diesel engine emission analysis using fuel from diverse emulsification methods
    Sugeng DA, Yahya WJ, Ithnin AM, Abdul Rashid MA, Mohd Syahril Amri NS, Abd Kadir H, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2018 Sep;25(27):27214-27224.
    PMID: 30030755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2760-1
    The focus of this work is to investigate the emission characteristics of a stationary diesel engine while utilizing an emulsion fuel from a novel preparation process. The emulsion preparation was performed in real time without using any surfactant. Instead of mechanically breaking the water down into droplets, the water is delivered thermally, by changing its phase from gas to liquid. Steam is used in this proposed process, where it will be converted into suspended water droplets once it meets colder diesel. The product is called steam-generated water-in-diesel emulsion fuel (S/D). The method is expected to reduce the moving components of a previous surfactant-less system; therefore, reducing costs and increasing the system reliability. The emission characteristics of S/D were compared with EURO 2 diesel (D2), and a conventional emulsion denoted as E10. E10 was prepared using 10% water (volumetric) and SPAN80 as a surfactant. The emission characterizations were carried out based on the exhaust gas of a single cylinder naturally aspirated CI engine fueled with D2, S/D, and E10. Compared to D2, both emulsions significantly reduced the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) (E10 max ↓58.0%, S/D max ↓40.0%) and particulate matter (PM) (E10 max ↓20.0%, S/D max ↓57.0%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses
  18. Fulltext Blood Metabolic Signatures of Body Mass Index: A Targeted Metabolomics Study in the EPIC Cohort
    Carayol M, Leitzmann MF, Ferrari P, Zamora-Ros R, Achaintre D, Stepien M, et al.
    J Proteome Res, 2017 Sep 01;16(9):3137-3146.
    PMID: 28758405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b01062
    Metabolomics is now widely used to characterize metabolic phenotypes associated with lifestyle risk factors such as obesity. The objective of the present study was to explore the associations of body mass index (BMI) with 145 metabolites measured in blood samples in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Metabolites were measured in blood from 392 men from the Oxford (UK) cohort (EPIC-Oxford) and in 327 control subjects who were part of a nested case-control study on hepatobiliary carcinomas (EPIC-Hepatobiliary). Measured metabolites included amino acids, acylcarnitines, hexoses, biogenic amines, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins. Linear regression models controlled for potential confounders and multiple testing were run to evaluate the associations of metabolite concentrations with BMI. 40 and 45 individual metabolites showed significant differences according to BMI variations, in the EPIC-Oxford and EPIC-Hepatobiliary subcohorts, respectively. Twenty two individual metabolites (kynurenine, one sphingomyelin, glutamate and 19 phosphatidylcholines) were associated with BMI in both subcohorts. The present findings provide additional knowledge on blood metabolic signatures of BMI in European adults, which may help identify mechanisms mediating the relationship of BMI with obesity-related diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/blood
  19. Molecular process of glucose uptake and glycogen storage due to hamamelitannin via insulin signalling cascade in glucose metabolism
    Issac PK, Guru A, Chandrakumar SS, Lite C, Saraswathi NT, Arasu MV, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2020 Sep;47(9):6727-6740.
    PMID: 32809102 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05728-5
    Understanding the mechanism by which the exogenous biomolecule modulates the GLUT-4 signalling cascade along with the information on glucose metabolism is essential for finding solutions to increasing cases of diabetes and metabolic disease. This study aimed at investigating the effect of hamamelitannin on glycogen synthesis in an insulin resistance model using L6 myotubes. Glucose uptake was determined using 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H] glucose and glycogen synthesis were also estimated in L6 myotubes. The expression levels of key genes and proteins involved in the insulin-signaling pathway were determined using real-time PCR and western blot techniques. The cells treated with various concentrations of hamamelitannin (20 µM to 100 µM) for 24 h showed that, the exposure of hamamelitannin was not cytotoxic to L6 myotubes. Further the 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H] glucose uptake assay was carried out in the presence of wortmannin and Genistein inhibitor for studying the GLUT-4 dependent cell surface recruitment. Hamamelitannin exhibited anti-diabetic activity by displaying a significant increase in glucose uptake (125.1%) and glycogen storage (8.7 mM) in a dose-dependent manner. The optimum concentration evincing maximum activity was found to be 100 µm. In addition, the expression of key genes and proteins involved in the insulin signaling pathway was studied to be upregulated by hamamelitannin treatment. Western blot analysis confirmed the translocation of GLUT-4 protein from an intracellular pool to the plasma membrane. Therefore, it can be conceived that hamamelitannin exhibited an insulinomimetic effect by enhancing the glucose uptake and its further conversion into glycogen by regulating glucose metabolism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hexoses/metabolism; Hexoses/pharmacology*
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