Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 22 in total

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  1. Gender effect on in vitro lymphocyte subset levels of healthy individuals
    Abdullah M, Chai PS, Chong MY, Tohit ER, Ramasamy R, Pei CP, et al.
    Cell Immunol, 2012;272(2):214-9.
    PMID: 22078320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.10.009
    Differences in gender immune response have resulted in differences in immune protection and susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are widely used in immunomodulation studies, yet the influence of gender is usually not considered. We examined the effect of in vitro culture and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation on PBMC lymphocyte subsets using flowcytometry. Full blood counts of whole blood showed higher levels of lymphocyte in male subjects. Lymphocyte subsets enumeration revealed higher NK cell counts in males and higher B cells in females. Cultured PBMC resulted in significant increases in B and total T cell percentages among females and NK cells among males. PHA stimulated significantly increased percentages of NK and total T cells in males and total activated T cells (CD69+) in females. Our results showed significant gender differences in lymphocyte subsets in cultured conditions. This may affect experimental outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  2. Relationship between various cytokines implicated in asthma
    Ayakannu R, Abdullah NA, Radhakrishnan AK, Lechimi Raj V, Liam CK
    Hum Immunol, 2019 Sep;80(9):755-763.
    PMID: 31054782 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.04.018
    Asthma is a complex disorder involving immunologic, environmental, genetic and other factors. Today, asthma is the most common disease encountered in clinical medicine in both children and adults worldwide. Asthma is characterized by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree resulting in chronic swelling and inflammation of the airways recognized to be controlled by the T-helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, which secrete cytokines to increase the production of IgE by B cells. There are many cytokines implicated in the development of the chronic inflammatory processes that are often observed in asthma. Ultimately, these cytokines cause the release of mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes (LT), which in turn promote airway remodeling, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and bronchoconstriction. The CD4+ T-lymphocytes from the airways of asthmatics express a panel of cytokines that represent the Th2 cells. The knowledge derived from numerous experimental and clinical studies have allowed physicians and scientists to understand the normal functions of these cytokines and their roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. The main focus of this review is to accentuate the relationship between various cytokines implicated in human asthma. However, some key findings from animal models will be highlighted to support the discoveries from clinical studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  3. Fulltext Impaired NK Cell Activation and Chemotaxis toward Dendritic Cells Exposed to Complement-Opsonized HIV-1
    Ellegård R, Crisci E, Andersson J, Shankar EM, Nyström S, Hinkula J, et al.
    J Immunol, 2015 Aug 15;195(4):1698-704.
    PMID: 26157174 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500618
    Mucosa resident dendritic cells (DCs) may represent one of the first immune cells that HIV-1 encounters during sexual transmission. The virions in body fluids can be opsonized with complement factors because of HIV-mediated triggering of the complement cascade, and this appears to influence numerous aspects of the immune defense targeting the virus. One key attribute of host defense is the ability to attract immune cells to the site of infection. In this study, we investigated whether the opsonization of HIV with complement (C-HIV) or a mixture of complement and Abs (CI-HIV) affected the cytokine and chemokine responses generated by DCs, as well as their ability to attract other immune cells. We found that the expression levels of CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL3, and CCL17 were lowered after exposure to either C-HIV or CI-HIV relative to free HIV (F-HIV). DCs exposed to F-HIV induced higher cell migration, consisting mainly of NK cells, compared with opsonized virus, and the chemotaxis of NK cells was dependent on CCL3 and CXCL10. NK cell exposure to supernatants derived from HIV-exposed DCs showed that F-HIV induced phenotypic activation (e.g., increased levels of TIM3, CD69, and CD25) and effector function (e.g., production of IFNγ and killing of target cells) in NK cells, whereas C-HIV and CI-HIV did not. The impairment of NK cell recruitment by DCs exposed to complement-opsonized HIV and the lack of NK activation may contribute to the failure of innate immune responses to control HIV at the site of initial mucosa infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology*
  4. Fulltext Coeliac disease: immunogenicity studies of barley hordein and rye secalin-derived peptides
    Wahab WA, Šuligoj T, Ellis J, Côrtez-Real B, Ciclitira PJ
    Int J Exp Pathol, 2016 Aug;97(4):303-309.
    PMID: 27659035 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12199
    Coeliac disease (CD) is an inflammatory disorder of the small intestine. It includes aberrant adaptive immunity with presentation of CD toxic gluten peptides by HLA-DQ2 or DQ8 molecules to gluten-sensitive T cells. A ω-gliadin/C-hordein peptide (QPFPQPEQPFPW) and a rye-derived secalin peptide (QPFPQPQQPIPQ) were proposed to be toxic in CD, as they yielded positive responses when assessed with peripheral blood T-cell clones derived from individuals with CD. We sought to assess the immunogenicity of the candidate peptides using gluten-sensitive T-cell lines obtained from CD small intestinal biopsies. We also sought to investigate the potential cross-reactivity of wheat gluten-sensitive T-cell lines with peptic-tryptic digested barley hordein (PTH) and rye secalin (PTS). Synthesised candidate peptides were deamidated with tissue transglutaminase (tTG). Gluten-sensitive T-cell lines were generated by culturing small intestinal biopsies from CD patients with peptic-tryptic gluten (PTG), PTH or PTS, along with autologous PBMCs for antigen presentation. The stimulation indices were determined by measuring the relative cellular proliferation via incorporation of (3) H-thymidine. The majority of T-cell lines reacted to the peptides studied. There was also cross-reactivity between wheat gluten-sensitive T-cell lines and the hordein, gliadin and secalin peptides. PTH, PTS, barley hordein and rye secalin-derived CD antigen-sensitive T-cell lines showed positive stimulation with PTG. ω-gliadin/C-hordein peptide and rye-derived peptide are immunogenic to gluten-sensitive T-cell lines and potentially present in wheat, rye and barley. Additional CD toxic peptides may be shared.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  5. The inhibition of human T cell proliferation by the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-FMK is mediated through oxidative stress
    Rajah T, Chow SC
    Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2014 Jul 15;278(2):100-6.
    PMID: 24768707 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.014
    The caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbony (Cbz)-l-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe)-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-FMK) has recently been shown to inhibit T cell proliferation without blocking caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation in primary T cells. We showed in this study that z-VAD-FMK treatment leads to a decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH) with a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in activated T cells. The inhibition of anti-CD3-mediated T cell proliferation induced by z-VAD-FMK was abolished by the presence of low molecular weight thiols such as GSH, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and l-cysteine, whereas d-cysteine which cannot be metabolised to GSH has no effect. These results suggest that the depletion of intracellular GSH is the underlying cause of z-VAD-FMK-mediated inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation. The presence of exogenous GSH also attenuated the inhibition of anti-CD3-induced CD25 and CD69 expression mediated by z-VAD-FMK. However, none of the low molecular weight thiols were able to restore the caspase-inhibitory properties of z-VAD-FMK in activated T cells where caspase-8 and caspase-3 remain activated and processed into their respective subunits in the presence of the caspase inhibitor. This suggests that the inhibition of T cell proliferation can be uncoupled from the caspase-inhibitory properties of z-VAD-FMK. Taken together, the immunosuppressive effects in primary T cells mediated by z-VAD-FMK are due to oxidative stress via the depletion of GSH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  6. Fulltext Protective immune response in BALB/c mice induced by DNA vaccine of the ROP8 gene of Toxoplasma gondii
    Parthasarathy S, Fong MY, Ramaswamy K, Lau YL
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2013 May;88(5):883-7.
    PMID: 23509124 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0727
    Toxoplasmosis in humans and other animals is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. During the process of host cell invasion and parasitophorous vacuole formation by the tachyzoites, the parasite secretes Rhoptry protein 8 (ROP8), an apical secretory organelle. Thus, ROP8 is an important protein for the pathogenesis of T. gondii. The ROP8 DNA was constructed into a pVAX-1 vaccine vector and used for immunizing BALB/c mice. Immunized mice developed immune response characterized by significant antibody responses, antigen-specific proliferation of spleen cells, and production of high levels of IFN-γ (816 ± 26.3 pg/mL). Challenge experiments showed significant levels of increase in the survival period (29 days compared with 9 days in control) in ROP8 DNA vaccinated mice after a lethal challenge with T. gondii. Results presented in this study suggest that ROP8 DNA is a promising and potential vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology*
  7. Fulltext Complement-Opsonized HIV-1 Alters Cross Talk Between Dendritic Cells and Natural Killer (NK) Cells to Inhibit NK Killing and to Upregulate PD-1, CXCR3, and CCR4 on T Cells
    Ellegård R, Khalid M, Svanberg C, Holgersson H, Thorén Y, Wittgren MK, et al.
    Front Immunol, 2018;9:899.
    PMID: 29760706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00899
    Dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells play critical roles during primary HIV-1 exposure at the mucosa, where the viral particles become coated with complement fragments and mucosa-associated antibodies. The microenvironment together with subsequent interactions between these cells and HIV at the mucosal site of infection will determine the quality of immune response that ensues adaptive activation. Here, we investigated how complement and immunoglobulin opsonization influences the responses triggered in DCs and NK cells, how this affects their cross talk, and what T cell phenotypes are induced to expand following the interaction. Our results showed that DCs exposed to complement-opsonized HIV (C-HIV) were less mature and had a poor ability to trigger IFN-driven NK cell activation. In addition, when the DCs were exposed to C-HIV, the cytotolytic potentials of both NK cells and CD8 T cells were markedly suppressed. The expression of PD-1 as well as co-expression of negative immune checkpoints TIM-3 and LAG-3 on PD-1 positive cells were increased on both CD4 as well as CD8 T cells upon interaction with and priming by NK-DC cross talk cultures exposed to C-HIV. In addition, stimulation by NK-DC cross talk cultures exposed to C-HIV led to the upregulation of CD38, CXCR3, and CCR4 on T cells. Together, the immune modulation induced during the presence of complement on viral surfaces is likely to favor HIV establishment, dissemination, and viral pathogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  8. TRPM4 expression is associated with activated B cell subtype and poor survival in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
    Loo SK, Ch'ng ES, Md Salleh MS, Banham AH, Pedersen LM, Møller MB, et al.
    Histopathology, 2017 Jul;71(1):98-111.
    PMID: 28248435 DOI: 10.1111/his.13204
    AIMS: Transient receptor potential channel melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is an ion channel that regulates influx of calcium cations (Ca2+ ). Recent studies suggest that TRPM4 is an oncoprotein, and its up-regulated transcript level has been reported in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We aimed to investigate TRPM4 protein expression pattern in non-malignant tissues and DLBCL cases, and its association with clinico-demographic parameters and survival in DLBCL.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: Analysis of publicly available DLBCL microarray data sets showed that TRPM4 transcripts were up-regulated in DLBCL compared to normal germinal centre B (GCB) cells, were expressed more highly in the activated B cell-like DLBCL (ABC-DLBCL) subtype and higher TRPM4 transcripts conferred worse overall survival (OS) in R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone)-treated DLBCL cases (P < 0.05). Our immunohistochemical analysis showed that TRPM4 was expressed in various human tissues but not in normal B cells within lymphoid tissues (reactive tonsil, lymph node and appendix). TRPM4 protein was present in 26% (n = 49 of 189) of our cohort of R-CHOP-treated DLBCL cases and this was associated significantly with more aggressive clinical parameters, including higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores or stage (P < 0.01 for each of the parameters) and the ABC-DLBCL subtype (P = 0.016). TRPM4 positivity conferred significantly worse OS (P = 0.004) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.005). Worse OS remained associated significantly with TRPM4 positivity in multivariate analysis, including higher International Prognostic Index (IPI) or the non-GCB DLBCL phenotype (P < 0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: TRPM4 protein expression is up-regulated in DLBCL cases compared to non-malignant B cells with preferential expression in ABC-DLBCL cases, and it confers significantly poorer DLBCL patient outcomes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  9. Fulltext Enrichment of gut-derived Fusobacterium is associated with suboptimal immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals
    Lee SC, Chua LL, Yap SH, Khang TF, Leng CY, Raja Azwa RI, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2018 09 24;8(1):14277.
    PMID: 30250162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32585-x
    We explored the gut microbiota profile among HIV-infected individuals with diverse immune recovery profiles following long-term suppressive ART and investigated the relationship between the altered bacteria with markers of immune dysfunction. The microbiota profile of rectal swabs from 26 HIV-infected individuals and 20 HIV-uninfected controls were examined. Patients were classified as suboptimal responders, sIR (n = 10, CD4 T-cell <350 cells/ul) and optimal responders, oIR (n = 16, CD4 T-cell >500 cells/ul) after a minimum of 2 years on suppressive ART. Canonical correlation analysis(CCA) and multiple regression modelling were used to explore the association between fecal bacterial taxa abundance and immunological profiles in optimal and suboptimal responders. We found Fusobacterium was significantly enriched among the HIV-infected and the sIR group. CCA results showed that Fusobacterium abundance was negatively correlated with CD4 T-cell counts, but positively correlated with CD4 T-cell activation and CD4 Tregs. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, baseline CD4 T-cell count, antibiotic exposure and MSM status indicated that higher Fusobacterium relative abundance was independently associated with poorer CD4 T-cell recovery following ART. Enrichment of Fusobacterium was associated with reduced immune recovery and persistent immune dysfunction following ART. Modulating the abundance of this bacterial taxa in the gut may be a viable intervention to improve immune reconstitution in our setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  10. Increased level of activated gamma delta lymphocytes correlates with disease severity in HIV infection
    Norazmi MN, Arifin H, Jamaruddin MA
    Immunol Cell Biol, 1995 Jun;73(3):245-8.
    PMID: 7590898
    The lymphocyte subset expressing the gamma delta T cell receptor is increased in several infectious diseases including HIV infection. In this study the expression on gamma delta lymphocytes of the T cell activation markers CD25, HLA-DR and CD38, as well as the two isoforms of CD45, namely CD45RA and CD45RO, was determined in the peripheral blood of 56 HIV-infected intravenous drug users and 34 HIV-seronegative blood donors by two-colour flow cytometry. The percentage of gamma delta lymphocytes expressing HLA-DR and CD38 was higher than those in HIV-seronegative controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore the HLA-DR+gamma delta+ lymphocytes correlated inversely with CD4+ T lymphocyte absolute count (P < 0.02 for both). The levels of gamma delta lymphocytes expressing CD25, CD45RA and CD45RO were similar to those in HIV-seronegative controls. Activated gamma delta lymphocytes may play a role in the HIV disease process and could provide a useful marker for disease progression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology*
  11. Fulltext Complement opsonization of HIV affects primary infection of human colorectal mucosa and subsequent activation of T cells
    Bhattacharya P, Ellegård R, Khalid M, Svanberg C, Govender M, Keita ÅV, et al.
    Elife, 2020 Sep 02;9.
    PMID: 32876566 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.57869
    HIV transmission via genital and colorectal mucosa are the most common routes of dissemination. Here, we explored the effects of free and complement-opsonized HIV on colorectal tissue. Initially, there was higher antiviral responses in the free HIV compared to complement-opsonized virus. The mucosal transcriptional response at 24 hr revealed the involvement of activated T cells, which was mirrored in cellular responses observed at 96 hr in isolated mucosal T cells. Further, HIV exposure led to skewing of T cell phenotypes predominantly to inflammatory CD4+ T cells, that is Th17 and Th1Th17 subsets. Of note, HIV exposure created an environment that altered the CD8+ T cell phenotype, for example expression of regulatory factors, especially when the virions were opsonized with complement factors. Our findings suggest that HIV-opsonization alters the activation and signaling pathways in the colorectal mucosa, which promotes viral establishment by creating an environment that stimulates mucosal T cell activation and inflammatory Th cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology*
  12. Fulltext Identification of immunogenic MAGED4B peptides for vaccine development in oral cancer immunotherapy
    Lim KP, Chun NA, Gan CP, Teo SH, Rahman ZA, Abraham MT, et al.
    Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2014;10(11):3214-23.
    PMID: 25483651 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29226
    The ever-increasing number of tumor-associated antigens has provided a major stimulus for the development of therapeutic peptides vaccines. Tumor-associated peptides can induce high immune response rates and have been developed as vaccines for several types of solid tumors, and many are at various stages of clinical testing. MAGED4B, a melanoma antigen, is overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and this expression promotes proliferation and cell migration. In this study, we have identified 9 short peptides derived from MAGED4B protein that are restricted in binding to the HLA subtypes common in the Asian population (HLA-A2, A11, and A24). The peptides had good binding affinity with the MHC-Class I molecules and stimulated ex-vivo IFN-gamma and Granzyme-B production in blood samples from OSCC patients, suggesting that they are immunogenic. Further, T cells stimulated with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells showed enhanced T-cell cytotoxic activity against MAGED4B-overexpressing OSCC cell lines. In summary, we have identified MAGED4B peptides that induce anti-tumor immune responses advocating that they could be further developed as vaccine candidates for the treatment of OSCC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  13. Fulltext The modulation of PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 mRNA expression by ciglitazone in CD3/CD28-activated naïve and memory CD4+ T cells
    Norazmi MN, Mohamed R, Nurul AA, Yaacob NS
    Clin. Dev. Immunol., 2012;2012:849195.
    PMID: 22548115 DOI: 10.1155/2012/849195
    Given their roles in immune regulation, the expression of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) 1 and 2 isoforms was investigated in human naïve (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) CD4+ T cells. Stimulation of both types of cells via the CD3/CD28 pathway resulted in high expression of both PPARγ receptors as measured by real-time PCR. Treatment with the PPARγ agonist, ciglitazone, increased PPARγ1 expression but decreased PPARγ2 expression in stimulated naïve and memory cells. Furthermore, when present, the magnitude of both PPARγ receptors expression was lower in naïve cells, perhaps suggesting a lower regulatory control of these cells. Similar profiles of selected proinflammatory cytokines were expressed by the two cell types following stimulation. The induction of PPARγ1 and suppression of PPARγ2 expressions in naïve and memory CD4+ T cells in the presence of ciglitazone suggest that the PPARγ subtypes may have different roles in the regulation of T-cell function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  14. Immunomodulatory effects of damnacanthal isolated from roots of Morinda elliptica
    Alitheen NB, Manaf AA, Yeap SK, Shuhaimi M, Nordin L, Mashitoh AR
    Pharm Biol, 2010 Apr;48(4):446-52.
    PMID: 20645725 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903168031
    Morinda elliptica Ridley (Rubiaceae) has been used traditionally as a medicine to treat various diseases in Malaysia and southeast Asia. In the present study we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of damnacanthal isolated from the roots of Morinda elliptica. The immunomodulatory effect of this compound was evaluated by using the lymphocyte proliferation assay with mouse thymocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In addition, the effect of the compound on PBMC cell cycle progression was studied by using flow cytometry. The production of human interleukin-2 and human inteleukin-12 cytokines was also assessed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The lymphocyte proliferation assay showed that damnacanthal was able to activate mouse thymocytes and PBMC at a low concentration (0.468 microg/mL). Moreover, the production of human interleukin-2 and human interleukin-12 cytokines in the culture supernatant from damnacanthal activated lymphocytes was markedly up-regulated at 24 h and sustained until 72 h with a slight decrease with time. A positive correlation was found between the level of these two cytokines and the MTT-based proliferation assay. Based on the above results, damnacanthal can act as an immunomodulatory agent which may be very useful for maintaining a healthy immune system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  15. Fulltext Immunological profiles of immune restoration disease presenting as mycobacterial lymphadenitis and cryptococcal meningitis
    Tan DB, Yong YK, Tan HY, Kamarulzaman A, Tan LH, Lim A, et al.
    HIV Med, 2008 May;9(5):307-16.
    PMID: 18400078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00565.x
    A proportion of HIV patients beginning antiretroviral therapy (ART) develop immune restoration disease (IRD). Immunological characteristics of IRD were investigated in a cohort of HIV patients beginning therapy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  16. Proportions of circulating T cells with a regulatory cell phenotype increase with HIV-associated immune activation and remain high on antiretroviral therapy
    Lim A, Tan D, Price P, Kamarulzaman A, Tan HY, James I, et al.
    AIDS, 2007 Jul 31;21(12):1525-34.
    PMID: 17630546
    To examine the relationships between blood CD4 natural regulatory T (Treg) cells, plasma HIV RNA level, CD4 T-cell count and immune activation in untreated HIV-infected patients and immunodeficient patients beginning antiretroviral therapy (ART), using a novel phenotype to define Treg cells (CD25CD127CD4). Data were compared with established Treg cell markers (FoxP3, CTLA-4 and GITR).
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  17. Concurrent loss of co-stimulatory molecules and functional cytokine secretion attributes leads to proliferative senescence of CD8(+) T cells in HIV/TB co-infection
    Saeidi A, Chong YK, Yong YK, Tan HY, Barathan M, Rajarajeswaran J, et al.
    Cell Immunol, 2015 Sep;297(1):19-32.
    PMID: 26071876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.05.005
    The role of T-cell immunosenescence and functional CD8(+) T-cell responses in HIV/TB co-infection is unclear. We examined and correlated surrogate markers of HIV disease progression with immune activation, immunosenescence and differentiation using T-cell pools of HIV/TB co-infected, HIV-infected and healthy controls. Our investigations showed increased plasma viremia and reduced CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio in HIV/TB co-infected subjects relative to HIV-infected, and also a closer association with changes in the expression of CD38, a cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase and CD57, which were consistently expressed on late-senescent CD8(+) T cells. Up-regulation of CD57 and CD38 were directly proportional to lack of co-stimulatory markers on CD8(+) T cells, besides diminished expression of CD127 (IL-7Rα) on CD57(+)CD4(+) T cells. Notably, intracellular IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme B levels in HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells of HIV/TB co-infected subjects were diminished. Intracellular CD57 levels in HIV gag p24-specific CD8(+) T cells were significantly increased in HIV/TB co-infection. We suggest that HIV-TB co-infection contributes to senescence associated with chronic immune activation, which could be due to functional insufficiency of CD8(+) T cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
  18. Significantly increased activated T cells are associated with declining CD4 cells in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients
    Dhaliwal JS, Balasubramaniam T, Quek CK, Arumainnathan S, Nasuruddin BA
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1995 Nov;24(6):785-8.
    PMID: 8838981
    A cross-sectional study on the expression of 6 lymphocyte markers was carried out on 481 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 79 normals after stratification based on absolute CD4 counts. The data were stratified according to the following groups: (I) 1201 to 1600, (II) 801 to 1200, (III) 401 to 800 and (IV) 0 to 400 (x 10(6) CD4 cells per mm3). The mean percentages of the subsets before stratification showed that HIV patients had increased percentages of CD3+ (75.7 against 66.9), CD3+CD8+ (52.2 against 32.3) and CD3+HLA-DR+ (36.1 against 14.4) cells and lower percentages of CD19 (10.3 against 13.3) and natural killer cells (13.7 against 20.4) when compared to controls in the same group. A definite trend, however, was only seen in CD3+CD8+ (47.4, 50.0, 54.0, 57.5 for groups I, II, III and IV respectively) and CD3+HLA-DR+ (29.1, 32.9, 38.4, 43.9 for groups I, II, III and IV respectively).
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology*
  19. Fulltext Reduced microbial diversity in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and microbial associations with increased immune activation
    Chua LL, Rajasuriar R, Azanan MS, Abdullah NK, Tang MS, Lee SC, et al.
    Microbiome, 2017 03 20;5(1):35.
    PMID: 28320465 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0250-1
    BACKGROUND: Adult survivors of childhood cancers such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have health problems that persist or develop years after cessation of therapy. These late effects include chronic inflammation-related comorbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the underlying cause is poorly understood.

    RESULTS: We compared the anal microbiota composition of adult survivors of childhood ALL (N = 73) with healthy control subjects (N = 61). We identified an altered community with reduced microbial diversity in cancer survivors, who also exhibit signs of immune dysregulation including increased T cell activation and chronic inflammation. The bacterial community among cancer survivors was enriched for Actinobacteria (e.g. genus Corynebacterium) and depleted of Faecalibacterium, correlating with plasma concentrations of IL-6 and CRP and HLA-DR+CD4+ and HLA-DR+CD8+ T cells, which are established markers of inflammation and immune activation.

    CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated a relationship between microbial dysbiosis and immune dysregulation in adult ALL survivors. These observations suggest that interventions that could restore microbial diversity may ameliorate chronic inflammation and, consequently, development of late effects of childhood cancer survivors.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology*
  20. Differential activation of intraepithelial lymphocyte-natural killer cells in chickens infected with very virulent and vaccine strains of infectious bursal disease virus
    Jahromi MZ, Bello MB, Abdolmaleki M, Yeap SK, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR
    Dev Comp Immunol, 2018 10;87:116-123.
    PMID: 29886054 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.06.004
    To gain insights into the role of CD3-/28.4+ intraepithelial lymphocytes-natural killer (CD3-/28.4+IEL-NK) cells during infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, characterisation of the cells was performed following infection with different strains of the virus. In vitro treatment with IL-18 or ionomycin/PMA successfully stimulated and activated the cells via a significant increase in the expression of CD69, B-Lec, CHIR-AB1 and NK-lysin. Similarly, chickens infected with the vaccine strain of IBDV also up-regulated the expression of CD69, B-Lec, CHIR-AB1 and NK-lysin in CD3-/28.4+ IEL-NK cells up to 3 days post infection (dpi) and down-regulated the expression of the inhibitory receptor B-NK at 3 dpi. On the contrary, infection with the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strain lead to a reduced activation of the cells by down-regulating the expression of the CD69, CHIR-AB1 and NK-lysin especially at 1 dpi. These findings altogether demonstrate the differential activation of CD3-/28.4+IEL-NK cells in chicken following infection with the vaccine or very virulent strains of IBDV. The study therefore provides an important clue into the differential pathogenesis of IBDV infection in chicken. Further studies are however required to determine the functional importance of these findings during IBDV vaccination and infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
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