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Protein malnutrition in surgical patients

Osman Y, Wan Chak PWC

Family Physician, 1990;2:41-42.

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition
Some aspects of malnutrition in Malaya

Burgess RC

Med J Malaya, 1948;2:239-246.

Malnutrition is one of the most important causes of ill-health in Malaya. The incidence of deficiency diseases was extremely high during the Japanese occupation, but there has been satisfactory improvement since 1945, though in some respects, particularly in the case of beriberi, this improvement can only be regarded as due to artificial and transitory circumstances, mainly the importation of Australian wheat. Surveys have recently been undertaken of nutritional status in rural areas in Malaya, embracing clinical, dietary, sociological and economic aspects of the problem. Data derived from clinical examinations, height and weight data and vital statistics indicate deficiency in almost all nutrients, and these are confirmed by dietary survey. Poverty is the main cause of the poor dietary intake. Investigations have shown that protein and calorie intakes are directly related to the money available in the family for expenditure on food. Vitamin A and riboflavin intakes are, on the other hand, largely uninfluenced by economic factors and their deficiency in the diet is mainly a matter of ignorance, prejudice and the unavailability of foodstuffs rich in these nutrients. As the economic side of the survey showed that the money spent on food, in most families, is over 80 per cent. of the total expenditure, the problem is clearly an economic one, and can only be solved by country-wide measures of increased and better food production, education and economic betterment. Dean A. Smith.

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition
Fulltext Intervention to reduce childhood undernutrition: a systematic review

Tan ECH, Manah AM

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):7-8.
MyJurnal

hildhood undernutrition while being a preventable condition remains a major public health issue because it contributes to the mortality and morbidity of children globally. Intervention to improve the nutritional status of children includes supplementary feeding, fortified foods, cash transfers and nutritional education.
Keywords:

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition*
Fulltext Competing health risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and early response: A scoping review

Baral S, Rao A, Rwema JOT, Lyons C, Cevik M, Kågesten AE, et al.

PLoS One, 2022;17(8):e0273389.
PMID: 36037216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273389

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has rapidly emerged as a global public health threat with infections recorded in nearly every country. Responses to COVID-19 have varied in intensity and breadth, but generally have included domestic and international travel limitations, closure of non-essential businesses, and repurposing of health services. While these interventions have focused on testing, treatment, and mitigation of COVID-19, there have been reports of interruptions to diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services for other public health threats.
OBJECTIVES: We conducted a scoping review to characterize the early impact of COVID-19 on HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition.
METHODS: A scoping literature review was completed using searches of PubMed and preprint servers (medRxiv/bioRxiv) from November 1st, 2019 to October 31st, 2020, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 and HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition. Empiric studies reporting original data collection or mathematical models were included, and available data synthesized by region. Studies were excluded if they were not written in English.
RESULTS: A total of 1604 published papers and 205 preprints were retrieved in the search. Overall, 8.0% (129/1604) of published studies and 10.2% (21/205) of preprints met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review: 7.3% (68/931) on HIV, 7.1% (24/339) on tuberculosis, 11.6% (26/224) on malaria, 7.8% (19/183) on sexual and reproductive health, and 9.8% (13/132) on malnutrition. Thematic results were similar across competing health risks, with substantial indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and response on diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services for HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition.
DISCUSSION: COVID-19 emerged in the context of existing public health threats that result in millions of deaths every year. Thus, effectively responding to COVID-19 while minimizing the negative impacts of COVID-19 necessitates innovation and integration of existing programs that are often siloed across health systems. Inequities have been a consistent driver of existing health threats; COVID-19 has worsened disparities, reinforcing the need for programs that address structural risks. The data reviewed here suggest that effective strengthening of health systems should include investment and planning focused on ensuring the continuity of care for both rapidly emergent and existing public health threats.

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition*
Optimizing nutrition support in cancer care

Menon KC

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(6):2933-4.
PMID: 24761928

Involvement of a multidisciplinary team in cancer care may have added benefits over the existing system of patient management. A paradigm shift in the current patient management would allow more focus on nutritional support, in addition to clinical care. Malnutrition, a common problem in cancer patients, needs special attention from the early days of cancer care to improve quality of life and treatment outcomes. Patient management teams with trained oncology dietitians may provide quality personalized nutritional care to cancer patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition/diagnosis*; Malnutrition/etiology; Malnutrition/therapy*
Prevalence of protein-calorie malnutrition in a group of Malaysian school children

Chen ST

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Jun;31(4):266-9.
PMID: 412037
Matched MeSH terms: Protein-Energy Malnutrition/epidemiology*
Nutritional ill health among Malay children in the Ipoh District of Perak, Malaya. A case described of severe malnutrition with enlarged liver

THOMSON FA

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1950 Dec;44(3):339-46.
PMID: 14809758
Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition*
Fulltext Elucidating the Macroeconomic Determinants of Undernourishment in South Asian Countries: Building the Framework for Action

Aziz N, He J, Raza A, Sui H, Yue W

Front Public Health, 2021;9:696789.
PMID: 34458224 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.696789

Undernourishment is a big challenge for humanity across the world. Considering the significance of reducing undernourishment, the current study focuses on exploring the macroeconomic determinants of undernourishment in the South Asian panel. The study employed econometric models that are more robust to underpin cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity in a panel data set. The overall findings reveal that an increase in food production increases undernourishment and infer that food availability at the national level is insufficient to reduce undernourishment unless poor people also had economic and physical access to food. In the case of economic growth and governance, the results are negatively significant in some countries. The results infer that GDP and quality of governance are nuanced in declining the rate of undernourishment in some countries, while in other countries where the results are found insignificant, the government should seek other interventions to curtail the prevalence of undernourishment. Unexpectedly, an increase in food prices lessens the undernourishment in developing countries that reflect that food prices might transform the dietary patterns of poor people from nutrient-rich foods to nutrient-poor staples, thus lead to undernourishment reduction but trigger overweight and obesity alongside. In conclusion, the results depict that policymakers should devise strategies keeping in view fundamental aspects of the country to reduce undernourishment.

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition*
Fulltext A collective call to strengthen monitoring and evaluation efforts to support healthy and sustainable food systems: 'The Accountability Pact'

Garton K, Kraak V, Fanzo J, Sacks G, Vandevijvere S, Haddad L, et al.

Public Health Nutr, 2022 Sep;25(9):2353-2357.
PMID: 35570707 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980022001173

There is widespread agreement among experts that a fundamental reorientation of global, regional, national and local food systems is needed to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals Agenda and address the linked challenges of undernutrition, obesity and climate change described as the Global Syndemic. Recognising the urgency of this imperative, a wide range of global stakeholders - governments, civil society, academia, agri-food industry, business leaders and donors - convened at the September 2021 UN Food Systems Summit to coordinate numerous statements, commitments and declarations for action to transform food systems. As the dust settles, how will they be pieced together, how will governments and food corporations be held to account and by whom? New data, analytical methods and global coalitions have created an opportunity and a need for those working in food systems monitoring to scale up and connect their efforts in order to inform and strengthen accountability actions for food systems. To this end, we present - and encourage stakeholders to join or support - an Accountability Pact to catalyse an evidence-informed transformation of current food systems to promote human and ecological health and wellbeing, social equity and economic prosperity.

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition*
Fulltext The challenges in managing the growth of indigenous children in Perak State, Malaysia: A qualitative study

Chew CC, Lim XJ, Low LL, Lau KM, Kari M, Shamsudin UK, et al.

PLoS One, 2022;17(3):e0265917.
PMID: 35320328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265917

Indigenous peoples in Peninsular Malaysia, known as Orang Asli, have been associated with the problem of malnutrition. Approximately 40% of their children are underweight. Indigenous peoples' distinct social, cultural, and economic traits, which differ from those of the dominant communities in which they live, may pose significant challenges for health care providers (HCPs) in addressing the malnutrition issue. This study explores challenges encountered by HCPs, with at least six months of experience in monitoring the growth parameters of Orang Asli children residing in Perak State in Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2020 and June 2021, involving three focus group discussions and three in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used. A total of 19 participants (6 nurses, 5 nursing managers, 4 medical officers, 2 nutritionists, a family medicine specialist, and a paediatrician) took part in this study. The challenges were summarized into four themes: (I) accessibility to nutrition, (II) accessibility to healthcare services, (II) skills of HCPs, and (IV) challenges of implementing nutrition programs. The inability of the Orang Asli children to access nutritious food was due to poverty, different perceptions of life priorities, and the practice of food taboos among the communities. Inadequate infrastructure and transportation discourage parents from bringing their children to healthcare facilities. The belief in and preference for traditional healing, the practice of semi-nomadic lifestyles, and fear of HCPs and their timid nature were factors that prevented Orang Asli children from accessing healthcare services. HCPs need to equip themselves with cross-cultural communication and interaction skills and adapt their skills to environmental challenges to overcome unexpected encounters in mobile clinics. The non-exposed food items, the risk of food basket sharing with other family members, and community feeding programs' coordination were the challenges to be addressed when implementing nutrition programmes for Orang Asli children. The challenges of HCPs are multifactorial and require a multifaceted approach. There is a need for joint efforts of stakeholders, from communities and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to the health authorities, to address the challenges of HCPs.

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition*
Improving nutrition knowledge

Khor GL

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2005;17(2):65.
PMID: 16425647 DOI: 10.1177/101053950501700201
Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition/prevention & control*
Response to Validity and Reliability of a Nutrition Screening Tool in Identifying Malnutrition Among Hospitalized Adult Patients

Tah PC, Kee CC, Majid HA

Nutr Clin Pract, 2020 04;35(2):365.
PMID: 32083353 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10457
Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition*
A hybrid ensemble approach to accelerate the classification accuracy for predicting malnutrition among under-five children in sub-Saharan African countries

Khan MNA, Yunus RM

Nutrition, 2023 Apr;108:111947.
PMID: 36641887 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111947

BACKGROUND: The proper intake of nutrients is essential to the growth and maturation of youngsters. In sub-Saharan Africa, 1 in 7 children dies before age 5 y, and more than a third of these deaths are attributed to malnutrition. The main purpose of this study was to develop a majority voting-based hybrid ensemble (MVBHE) learning model to accelerate the prediction accuracy of malnutrition data of under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa.
METHODS: This study used available under-five nutritional secondary data from the Demographic and Health Surveys performed in sub-Saharan African countries. The research used bagging, boosting, and voting algorithms, such as random forest, decision tree, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, and k-nearest neighbors machine learning methods, to generate the MVBHE model.
RESULTS: We evaluated the model performances in contrast to each other using different measures, including accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1 score. The results of the experiment showed that the MVBHE model (96%) was better at predicting malnutrition than the random forest (81%), decision tree (60%), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (79%), and k-nearest neighbors (74%).
CONCLUSIONS: The random forest algorithm demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy (81%) compared with the decision tree, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, and k-nearest neighbors algorithms. The accuracy was then enhanced to 96% using the MVBHE model. The MVBHE model is recommended by the present study as the best way to predict malnutrition in under-five children.

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition*
Protein calorie malnutrition: a major health problem of multiple causation in Malaysia

Chen ST

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1974 Mar;5(1):85-9.
PMID: 4209141
Matched MeSH terms: Protein-Energy Malnutrition/etiology*; Protein-Energy Malnutrition/epidemiology; Protein-Energy Malnutrition/prevention & control
Fulltext Malnutrition among children in a traditional village, vegetable farm and urban flats dwellers. [Malpemakanan di kalangan kanak-kanak perkampongan tradisional kebun sayur dan rumah pangsa di bandar.]

Osman A, Johari M, Abalos M, Banjong O, Dheerasawad C, Sanchez I, et al.

Family Physician, 1993;5(2):26-30.

Analysis of the nutritional status and its related factors of three different geographic areas was conducted. The areas were Kampong Sungai Gulang-Gulang, a traditional village in Kuala Selangor, vegetable farming area in Kuala Terla, Cameron Highland and housing flats in Kuala Lumpur. Assessment of nutritional status was done using anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, dietary and stool examination. The results show that 13% of the children in traditional village were stunted, 8% were wasted and 17% were underweight. In vegetable farming area the prevalence were 16.5%, 10.2% and 20.2% respectively. The prevalence of anaemia among toddler was 81.0% in traditional village, 77.2% in vegetable farming area and 55.3% in urban flats. Anaemia in the three areas was strongly associated with inadequate intake of iron.

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition
Fulltext Identification of basal stem rot disease in local palm oil by microfocus XRF

Meor Yusoff, M.S., Muhd Asshar Khalid, Ideris Abu Seman

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(1):282-287.
MyJurnal

The paper describes the uses of microfocus XRF to identify infected Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease in Malaysian palm oil plants. Among symptoms of BSR are wilting of the leaves and plant malnutrition. The study involves determining the inorganic element content of normal and infected leaves. Si, Mo, Cl, K, Ca and Mn had been identified as the major elements. Their distribution was determined by constructing an elemental map of each of this element on the leaves. Line scan was also performed to look into changes on the element composition on a defined region. Quantitative analysis of Cl, Ca and K on the normal and infected leaves show that the infected leaves have lower Cl content and a higher Ca/K ratio than the normal leaves.

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition
The problem of tuberculosis in Malaysia

Kuppusamy I

Family Physician, 1993;5:5-6.

Matched MeSH terms: Malnutrition
Fulltext The use of mid-arm circumference for screening malnutrition in preschool children

Ng TKW

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):28-34.
PMID: 6439983

Correlation analysis of mid-arm circumference (MAC), weight-for-age and weight-for-height obtained from 807 Malay preschool children aged 12-71 months show that MAC had a relatively low correlation with weight-for-age (r = 0.59, P <0.001) and weight-for-height (r = 0.63, P<0.001). MAC percentiles and sensitivity-specificity analysis indicate that when weight-for-age and weight-for-height were used separately to define 'true' malnutrition, MAC was not sensitive enough to detect Malaysian children with only mild to moderate protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). The value of MAC as a screening measure in malnutrition is only limited to identifying the more severe forms of PEM in young children and the present study indicates that a MAC of 13.0-13.7 cm may be used for identifying moderate to severe PEM and under 13.0 cm for severe PEM.

Matched MeSH terms: Protein-Energy Malnutrition/diagnosis*
Changes in body fluid distribution in experimental protein malnutrition

Chandrasekharan N, Ho CL

Med J Malaysia, 1976 Jun;30(4):266-72.
PMID: 824533
Matched MeSH terms: Protein-Energy Malnutrition/metabolism*
Fulltext An infant with kwashiorkor: the forgotten disease

Nurjasmine Aida Jaman, Nor Azam Kamaruzaman, Abdul Hadi Said

Malaysian Family Physician, 2020;15(2):46-49.
MyJurnal

Undernutrition remains a major public health concern, especially in developing countries. Despite
being rich in resources, Malaysia is still home to children sufering from severe undernutrition.
Tis paper presents the case of a 5-month-old boy with kwashiorkor stemming from improper
weaning which was overlooked. Tis case highlights the importance of recognizing the early signs of
kwashiorkor to allow for early referrals for proper management and prevent its possible complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Malnutrition

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