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Human skeletal remains from Gol Ba' it, Sungai Siput, Perak, Malay Peninsula

SNELL CA

Acta Neerl Morphol Norm Pathol, 1949;6(4):353-77.
PMID: 18141483
Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System*
Clinical features and management of COVID-19: A systematic review

Daha SK, Koirala B, Chapagain D, Lohani P, Acharya S, Sharma P

Trop Biomed, 2020 Jun 01;37(2):409-420.
PMID: 33612810

Novel coronavirus disease, the latest world pandemic is one of the most contagious viral infections to date. There has been a lack of uniformity on recognizing this condition clinically because of poorly understood pathophysiology and clinical nature. Also due to ongoing clinical trials, its management is also varied. This is a systematic review from evidence-based studies until March 1st, 2020, covering an update on its clinical features and management. This study shows the multisystem involvement of COVID-19 with dominant respiratory features followed by the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal system and others. The clinical features varied from asymptomatic to severe forms. Major causes of fatality were acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, acute cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, and arrhythmia. Major modalities of management included supportive, antiviral and antibiotic therapy. There was no direct relationship between the specific treatment and the outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System/physiopathology; Musculoskeletal System/virology
Subperiosteal Dissection in Orbital Blowout Fracture: Technical Tips Including the Use of Modified Periosteal Elevator

Nazimi AJ, Rajaran JR, Nordin R

J Craniofac Surg, 2019 Oct;30(7):e609-e611.
PMID: 31503125 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005617

Orbital blowout fractures are common. The same goes for its surgical complications when the efficiency of the dissection of entrapped or herniated intraorbital contents into the fracture could not be completely and safely dissected out. The authors describe a modification of the commonly used Howarth periosteal elevator for dissection of intraorbital content displacement or herniation on orbital blowout fracture. The instrument was modified by marking out the instrument from the tip into 10, 20, 25, 30, and 40 mm on both of its concave and convex surfaces to allow safe orbital soft tissue dissection and distance control. From the authors' experience, these simple modifications from its original instrument design allow better intraoperative control and appreciation of any intact important intraorbital anatomical structures such as inferomedial strut and posterior ledge. At the same time of importantly getting complete orbital fracture dissection and visualization, it causes less trauma to surrounding soft tissue with the markings ensuring unnecessary orbital exploration or visualization. Dissection can be kept for optimum maneuverability at the required or intended location based on the preoperative scan or dimension of anatomical orbital implant.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
The clinical significance of the retromolar canal and foramen in dentistry

Ngeow WC, Chai WL

Clin Anat, 2021 May;34(4):512-521.
PMID: 32020669 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23577

The mandibular canal is nowadays acknowledged as a major trunk with multiple smaller branches running roughly parallel to it. Most of these accessory canals contain branches of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle that supplies the dentition, jawbone, and soft tissue around the gingiva and lower lip. This article reviews the prevalence, classification and morphometric measurements of the retromolar canal and its aperture. A retromolar canal is a bifid variation of the mandibular canal that divides from above this main canal, and travels anterosuperiorly within the bone to exit via a single foramen or multiple foramina into the retromolar fossa. This foramen, termed the retromolar foramen, allows accessory branches of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundles to supply tissues at the retromolar trigone. Clinically, it is of the utmost importance to determine the exact location of the mandibular canal and to identify its retromolar accessory branches when surgery in the posterior mandible is to be performed.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Fulltext Descriptions of the larval instars of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a species of forensic importance in Malaysia

Raja M. Zuha Raja Kamal, Mohamed Abdullah Marwi, Jeffery, John, Ahmad Firdaus Mohd. Salleh, Wan Omar Abdullah, Baharudin Omar

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(2):35-41.
MyJurnal

The anatomical structures of the first, second and third instars of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) were examined by light microscopy. Observations were documented on the three main characteristics; the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, anterior spiracle and posterior spiracle. The first instar larva bore cornuae of fairly pigmented delineation with slim hypostomal sclerite and distinct dental sclerite. First instar did not have obscured anterior spiracle but posterior spiracles were obscured with thin lining of opened peritreme. Intersegmental spines were evident. The second instar larva displayed a prominent anterodorsal process approaching closer to hypostomal sclerite while upper margin of the dorsal cornua was slightly pigmented. Each anterior spiracle consisted of nine to ten papillae, arranged in a single row. Peritreme of the posterior spiracle thick, opening at the end of peritreme was not wide and confined to two spiracular slits. The third instar larva showed a prominent arch of the ventral cornua with broad and bold appearance. It approached the dorsal cornua and became narrow at the incision median. The anterior spiracle consisted of a single row of nine to ten papillae while intersegmental spine could be identified with one to three dark pigmented tips. A dark pigmented and wide periterime was observed confining three short and thick spiracular slits while button was poorly pigmented. The most distinctive feature of this second and third instar larva was the slender, thorn-like tubercle with numerous spined tips on the middle line segment of the body. These findings provide identification features of C. rufifacies larvae instars.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Violent actions against children

Alhammami M, Ooi CP, Tan WH

Data Brief, 2017 Jun;12:480-484.
PMID: 28508027 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.04.026

We present in this paper a novel dataset (MMU VAAC) for violent actions against children recognition. This original dataset has been recorded using Microsoft Kinect with the usage of a child mannequin. MMU VAAC dataset contains skeleton joints, depth, and RGB modalities.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Fulltext Open traumatic scapulothoracic dissociation: Case report of a rare injury

Anbarasan A, Mohamad NH, Mariapan S

Trauma Case Rep, 2018 Dec;18:42-45.
PMID: 30533482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcr.2018.11.013

Open traumatic scapulothoracic dissociation is a rare and devastating injury. We are reporting a 21-year-old male factory worker who sustained a traumatic open scapulothoracic dissociation. His left arm was caught in conveyer belts resulting the arm, scapula, clavicle, and pectoral muscle torn from the body by tremendous traction force. He presented with pulseless, flail and cold limb and was promptly resuscitated and surgically managed with forequarter amputation.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Fulltext Hidden germ of the immunocompromised: a case of fungal orbital cellulitis

Er, L.Z., Johar, M.J.

Medicine & Health, 2019;14(2):266-270.
MyJurnal

Orbital cellulitis is an infection of the orbital soft tissue that could possibly lead to serious complications if treatment is delayed. It is important to differentiate this condition from a less life-threatening condition like preseptal cellulitis as orbital cellulitis would require a more aggressive treatment than the former condition. The present case discusses about a patient who was diagnosed with orbital cellulitis and developed complications from the disease. The delayed administration of the appropriate antibiotic subsequently led to the patient’s death. The delay was because of the reason that the patient belonged to the immunocompromised group who harbour different causative organism than the normal population.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Fulltext Anthropometric Study of Three-Dimensional Facial Morphology in Malay Adults

Othman SA, Majawit LP, Wan Hassan WN, Wey MC, Mohd Razi R

PLoS One, 2016;11(10):e0164180.
PMID: 27706220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164180

To establish the three-dimensional (3D) facial soft tissue morphology of adult Malaysian subjects of the Malay ethnic group; and to determine the morphological differences between the genders, using a non-invasive stereo-photogrammetry 3D camera.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Fulltext Forequarter amputation of the upper extremity for musculoskeletal tumors: posterior approach revisited

Faisham WI, Zulmi W, Nor Azman MZ, Rhendra Hardy MZ

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Feb;61 Suppl A:57-61.
PMID: 17042232

Forequarter amputation entails surgical removal of entire upper extremity, scapula and clavicle. Several techniques of forequarter amputation have been described. The anterior approach has been the preferred technique of exploration of axillary vessels and brachial plexus. The posterior approach has been condemned to be unreliable and dangerous for most large tumor of the scapula and suprascapular area. We describe a surgical technique using posterior approach of exploration of major vessels for forequarter amputation of upper extremity in eight patients who presented with humeral-scapular tumor. There were six patients with osteosarcoma: three with tumor recurrent and three chemotherapy recalcitrant tumors with vessels involvement. One patient had massive fungating squamous cell carcinoma and another had recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma. Four patients had fungating ulcer and six patients had multiple pulmonary metastases at the time of surgery. The mean estimated blood transfusion was 900 ml (range 0-1600 ml) and two patients did not require transfusion. The duration of surgery ranged 2.5-6.0 hours (mean 3.8 hours). Two patients with known pulmonary metastases required post-operative intensive care monitoring. The mean duration of survival was 5.8 months. The posterior approach of exploring major vessels for forequarter amputation of upper extremity with musculoskeletal tumor is safe and reliable.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System/pathology; Musculoskeletal System/surgery*
Fulltext Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Regenerative Potential and Challenges

Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Dahiya R, Dahiya S, Sudhakar K, Kumari U, et al.

Biology (Basel), 2021 Feb 25;10(3).
PMID: 33668707 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030172

Evidence suggests that stem cells exert regenerative potential via the release of extracellular vesicles. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (MSCEVs) offer therapeutic benefits for various pathophysiological ailments by restoring tissues. Facts suggest that MSCEV action can be potentiated by modifying the mesenchymal stem cells culturing methodology and bioengineering EVs. Limited clinical trials of MSCEVs have questioned their superiority, culturing quality, production scale-up and isolation, and administration format. Translation of preclinically successful MSCEVs into a clinical platform requires paying attention to several critical matters, such as the production technique, quantification/characterization, pharmacokinetics/targeting/transfer to the target site, and the safety profile. Keeping these issues as a priority, the present review was designed to highlight the challenges in translating preclinical MSCEV research into clinical platforms and provide evidence for the regenerative potential of MSCEVs in various conditions of the liver, kidney, heart, nervous system, bone, muscle, cartilage, and other organs/tissues.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Fulltext Non-Traumatic Snapping Tendon on the Dorsal Aspect of the Thumb: A Diagnostic Challenge

Kesu Belani L, Abdullah S, Soh EZF, Abd Jabar F, Nasseri Z

Cureus, 2021 Apr 11;13(4):e14417.
PMID: 33987066 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14417

A snapping tendon on the dorsal aspect of the thumb is a rare condition as opposed to the common triggering on the volar aspect of the thumb. This condition is known as triggering of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL). A 21-year-old female presented with a clicking or snapping sensation that was felt on the dorsum of her thumb when it is extended. There was no history of trauma. She worked in an ice-cream parlor with repetitive scooping ice-cream motions. Her triggering immediately resolved on releasing the EPL fascia ulnar to Lister's tubercle. Upon wake-up surgery, we could immediately confirm this. We recommend dynamic ultrasound as an investigation and do not recommend MRI. The surgical method of choice is either wake-up surgery or wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Fulltext Disease-Modifying Effects of Long-Term and Continuous Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Spondyloarthritis

Wong RSY

Adv Pharmacol Sci, 2019;2019:5324170.
PMID: 30838041 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5324170

Spondyloarthritis or spondyloarthropathy (SpA) is a group of related rheumatic disorders, which presents with axial and nonaxial features, affecting structures within the musculoskeletal system, as well as other bodily systems. Both pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapeutic options are available for SpA. For decades, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used as the first-line drugs to treat the disease. Research has shown that other than pain relief, NSAIDs have disease-modifying effects in SpA. However, to achieve these effects, continuous and/or long-term NSAID use is usually required. This review will give an overview of SpA, discuss NSAIDs and their disease-modifying effects in SpA, and highlight some of the important adverse effects of long-term and continuous NSAID use, particularly those related to the gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular systems.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Ergonomics observation: Harvesting tasks at oil palm plantation

Ng YG, Shamsul Bahri MT, Irwan Syah MY, Mori I, Hashim Z

J Occup Health, 2014;55(5):405-14.
PMID: 23892641

OBJECTIVES: Production agriculture is commonly associated with high prevalence of ergonomic injuries, particularly during intensive manual labor and during harvesting. This paper intends to briefly describe an overview of oil palm plantation management highlighting the ergonomics problem each of the breakdown task analysis.
METHODS: Although cross-sectional field visits were conducted in the current study, insight into past and present occupational safety and health concerns particularly regarding the ergonomics of oil palm plantations was further exploited. Besides discussion, video recordings were extensively used for ergonomics analysis.
RESULTS: The unique commodity of oil palm plantations presents significantly different ergonomics risk factors for fresh fruit bunch (FFB) cutters during different stages of harvesting. Although the ergonomics risk factors remain the same for FFB collectors, the intensity of manual lifting increases significantly with the age of the oil palm trees-weight of FFB.
CONCLUSIONS: There is urgent need to establish surveillance in order to determine the current prevalence of ergonomic injuries. Thereafter, ergonomics interventions that are holistic and comprehensive should be conducted and evaluated for their efficacy using approaches that are integrated, participatory and cost-effective.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System/injuries*
Fulltext Preferential utilization of healthcare systems by a Malaysian rural community for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries

Ariff KM

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Dec;55(4):451-8.
PMID: 11221156

The preferential utilization of healthcare systems by a rural Malaysian community in Perlis for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries was studied using focus group discussions. The objectives of the study were to explore the pattern of utilization of healthcare systems, the factors influencing the choice of a healthcare provider, rural residents' expectations of their healthcare provider and their views on integrating traditional and modern scientific healthcare systems. Most participants considered traditional and modern scientific healthcare systems as complementing each other. For musculoskeletal injuries, the traditional system was considered the primary choice of healthcare regardless of the participants' socioeconomic and educational levels. Key factors for preferring traditional care were the nature of treatment, the perceived shorter duration for recovery and inclusion of spiritual elements in the therapy. Barriers to seeking hospital treatment were the perceived longer duration for recovery, fear of surgery, use of metallic implants and casts that were culturally unacceptable and objections from elders. For perceived life-threatening situations, in children, pregnancy, and where injuries to internal organs were suspected, hospital treatment was preferred as the primary choice. Discussions on integrating traditional and modern scientific systems were inconclusive.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System/injuries*
Conceptual frameworks for the workplace change adoption process: elements integration from decision making and learning cycle process

Radin Umar RZ, Sommerich CM, Lavender SA, Sanders E, Evans KD

Ergonomics, 2018 Sep;61(9):1173-1186.
PMID: 29757713 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1475016

Sound workplace ergonomics and safety-related interventions may be resisted by employees, and this may be detrimental to multiple stakeholders. Understanding fundamental aspects of decision-making, behavioural change, and learning cycles may provide insights into pathways influencing employees' acceptance of interventions. This manuscript reviews published literature on thinking processes and other topics relevant to decision making and incorporates the findings into two new conceptual frameworks of the workplace change adoption process. Such frameworks are useful for thinking about adoption in different ways and testing changes to traditional intervention implementation processes. Moving forward, it is recommended that future research focuses on systematic exploration of implementation process activities that integrate principles from the research literature on sense-making, decision-making, and learning processes. Such exploration may provide the groundwork for development of specific implementation strategies that are theoretically grounded and provide a revised understanding of how successful intervention adoption processes work. Practitioner summary: Adoption and acceptance of workplace changes may be facilitated through sound implementation strategies. This manuscript explores several principles of sense-making and decision-making processes that can potentially be used by industrial practitioners to inform the design and development of implementation strategies for interventions that improve workplace ergonomics and safety.
ABBREVIATIONS: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA); Health and Safety Executive (HSE).

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System/injuries
Fulltext Relationship between Psychosocial Risk Factors and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Public Hospital Nurses in Malaysia

Amin NA, Nordin R, Fatt QK, Noah RM, Oxley J

Ann Occup Environ Med, 2014;26:23.
PMID: 25852937 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-014-0023-2

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationships between psychosocial work factors and risk of WRMSDs among public hospital nurses in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 660 public hospital nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the occurrence of WRMSDs according to body regions, socio-demographic profiles, occupational information and psychosocial risk factors. 468 questionnaires were returned (response rate of 71%), and 376 questionnaires qualified for subsequent analysis. Univariate analyses were applied to test for mean and categorical differences across the WRMSDs; multiple logistic regression was applied to predict WRMSDs based on the Job Strain Model's psychosocial risk factors.
RESULTS: Over two thirds of the sample of nurses experienced discomfort or pain in at least one site of the musculoskeletal system within the last year. The neck was the most prevalent site (48.94%), followed by the feet (47.20%), the upper back (40.69%) and the lower back (35.28%). More than 50% of the nurses complained of having discomfort in region one (neck, shoulders and upperback) and region four (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). The results also revealed that psychological job demands, job strain and iso-strain ratio demonstrated statistically significant mean differences (p

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Fulltext Prognostic Factors in Recurrent Congenital Muscular Torticollis

Chotigavanichaya C, Phongprapapan P, Wongcharoenwatana J, Eamsobhana P, Ariyawatkul T, Kaewpornsawan K

Malays Orthop J, 2021 Mar;15(1):43-47.
PMID: 33880147 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2103.007

Introduction: Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), primarily resulting from unilateral shortening and fibrosis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. One of the common surgical complications is recurrent deformity. However, the associations between unipolar or bipolar release, age of the patient, and the recurrence of the disease are unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with recurrence after surgery.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed in 47 patients who were diagnosed with CMT and had been treated surgically with unipolar or bipolar release between January 2007 and December 2015. Demographic data (sex, sides, surgical technique, age at time of surgery, period of follow-up, complications and recurrence) were recorded.
Results: Forty-seven patients with an average age of 8.7 years old at time of surgery. Twenty-six patients had right-sided muscular torticollis, while 21 had left-sided. The average follow-up time was 2 years (range, 2-4 years). The average age of unipolar release was 8.8 years old (range, 218 years old), while the average age of bipolar release was 8.7 years old (range, 2-13 years old). Recurrence occurred in 11 patients (9 in unipolar and 2 in bipolar release). Sex, side of deformity, type of surgery and age at time of surgery showed no statistically significant as a factor for recurrence rate, however recurrence of unipolar more than bipolar surgery was nearly two times revealing clinical significance.
Conclusions: Sex, side of deformity, type of surgery and age at time of surgery were not associated with the recurrence deformity.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Fulltext The stress inducing factors among preclinical students in a public university in Selangor

Adlina, S., Narimah, A.H.H., Hakimi, Z.A., Suthahar, A., M Nor Hisyam, R., Ruhaida, M.K., et al.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2007;7(1):56-59.
MyJurnal

Stress has been recognized one of the factors causing disease. About 70-80% of all diseases may be stress related. Thus, stress management can be a part of an early measure of disease prevention. A descriptive cross sectional, randomized study was conducted to determine the stress inducing factors among preclinical students (universal sampling) in a public university in Selangor, Malaysia from 24th April to May 2005. A total of 163 students (52.8% year 1, 36.8% year 2 and 10.4% year 3) were interviewed in the data collection process. The main reasons students entered - medical school was because of their own interest or ambition (65%) and family influence (20.9%). Majority (76.4%) suffered moderate to great stress over hot conditions in lecture hall, tutoriaV small group session rooms and laboratories while 53.4% suffered when using the other facilities like cafeteria, toilet and transportation:. Almost all (95.1%) felt that examination was the most stressful, followed by early clinical exposure sessions (68.1%), problem·based learning sessions (62.5%), hospital visitations (59.7%), tutoriay small group sessions (49.3%), practical class (44.5%) and attending lectures (3 8.5%). Musculoskeletal System was the most stressful module among the first year students, followed by Nervous System and Gastrointestinal System with the percentage of 94.2%, 90.7% and 88.4% respectively while, 95% of the second year students felt that General, Hemopoietic ci? Lymphoid and Nervous System are the most stressful modules. This study revealed that academic sessions and lack of conducive teaching and learning environment as the main stress inducing contributors to preclinical medical students.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System
Occupational competence and its relationship to emotional health in injured workers in return to work programs: a Malaysian study

Murad MS, O'brien L, Farnworth L, Chien CW

Scand J Occup Ther, 2013 Mar;20(2):101-10.
PMID: 22967302 DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2012.720276

Workers with musculoskeletal disorders undertaking Malaysia's return to work (RTW) programmes may experience challenges in occupational competence (OC) and negative emotional states (NES). This study aimed to measure and examines the OC and NES of the workers by comparing specific comparison groups and groups of different phases. A total of 76 participants were recruited from a national RTW programme and categorized into three groups based on different RTW phases: off-work (n = 22), re-entry (n = 31), and maintenance (n = 23). Self-report questionnaires consisted of the Occupational Self Assessment version 2.2 and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Results showed that injured workers exhibited significantly lower OC in comparison with an international group with various disabilities. In contrast, there was significantly higher NES when compared with Malaysia's general population. Significant differences in OC and NES were also found between workers in the three RTW phases. In particular, OC and NES in the off-work and re-entry phases were significantly lower (OC) and higher (NES) than in the maintenance phase. Furthermore, there was a moderate, negative correlation between OC and NES in the off-work and re-entry phase groups. This indicated that low levels of perceived OC were associated with higher levels of NES.

Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal System/injuries*

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