MyMedR

Fulltext Disseminated Penicilium marneffei infection

Beh CP, George J

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Mar;64(1):86-8.

PMID: 19852332 MyJurnal

This is a case report of disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in a patient with leprosy, responding to antifungal therapy. Radiologically there were nodules in the left lung, right pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy in neck, mediastinum and upper abdomen and abscesses in the liver and right parietal lobe. This case highlights a rare infection in a non-HIV related immunocompromised patient, and its nonspecific radiologic manifestations.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

Fulltext Penicillium marneffei infection in a non aids patient: first case report from Malaysia

Saadiah S, Jeffrey AH, Mohamed AL

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Jun;54(2):264-6.

PMID: 10972040

Penicillium marneffei, a dimorphic fungus is a rare opportunistic pathogen. It is known to cause infection in immunocompromised patients and recently its occurrence in AIDS patients has been well-documented. Disease with Penicillium marneffei is even rarer among previously healthy individuals. The disease is endemic in Southeast Asia and China. Recognition of this rare disease is important because it is amenable to treatment. We report a case of P. marneffei infection in a previously healthy individual.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

Patient inaccessibility to antifungal drugs in developing nations: The case of Pakistan

Saleem A, Khan A, Ahmad A, Khan MU, Babar ZU

Res Social Adm Pharm, 2017 Nov;13(6):1218.

PMID: 28768574 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.07.010

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

Fulltext A retrospective review on successful management of Penicillium marneffei infections in patients with advanced HIV in Hospital Sungai Buloh

Nor-Hayati S, Sahlawati M, Suresh-Kumar C, Lee KC

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):66-70.

PMID: 22582551 MyJurnal

Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus which commonly causes a life threatening systemic fungal infection in an immunocompromised host. It has been recognized as an AIDS defining illness in Malaysia since the beginning of the HIV pandemic. The presence of various non specific clinical presentations, especially the characteristic umbilicated papular rashes with central necrosis which lead to significant ill health in immunocompromised patients should alarm clinicians to the possibility of Penicillium marneffei infection and prompt investigations accordingly. Simple investigations like blood culture and fungal staining of the skin scrapping can confirm the diagnosis in the majority of cases. Early treatment with appropriate systemic antifungal for a definite duration will significantly decrease the mortality rate from penicilliosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy*

Fulltext Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia

Ng KP, Soo-Hoo TS, Na SL, Gan GG, Sangkar JV, Teh AKH

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Oct;58(4):608-12.

PMID: 15190640

Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a soil fungus normally associated with onychomycosis. It causes subcutaneous infection in immunocompromised patients and is rarely isolated from blood. A case of systemic Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection was reported in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. The patient developed persistent fever that did not respond to wide spectrum antibiotics and amphotericin B. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was the only pathogen isolated from blood cultures. The fever subsided with itraconazole and there was no recurrence of fungal infection with prolonged maintenance of oral itraconazole.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy*

Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology

Hoenigl M, Salmanton-García J, Walsh TJ, Nucci M, Neoh CF, Jenks JD, et al.

Lancet Infect Dis, 2021 Aug;21(8):e246-e257.

PMID: 33606997 DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30784-2

With increasing numbers of patients needing intensive care or who are immunosuppressed, infections caused by moulds other than Aspergillus spp or Mucorales are increasing. Although antifungal prophylaxis has shown effectiveness in preventing many invasive fungal infections, selective pressure has caused an increase of breakthrough infections caused by Fusarium, Lomentospora, and Scedosporium species, as well as by dematiaceous moulds, Rasamsonia, Schizophyllum, Scopulariopsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Purpureocillium species. Guidance on the complex multidisciplinary management of infections caused by these pathogens has the potential to improve prognosis. Management routes depend on the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic options. The present recommendations are part of the One World-One Guideline initiative to incorporate regional differences in the epidemiology and management of rare mould infections. Experts from 24 countries contributed their knowledge and analysed published evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of rare mould infections. This consensus document intends to provide practical guidance in clinical decision making by engaging physicians and scientists involved in various aspects of clinical management. Moreover, we identify areas of uncertainty and constraints in optimising this management.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy*

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2,6-di aryl substituted imidazo [2,1-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazole derivatives

Chandrakantha B, Isloor AM, Shetty P, Fun HK, Hegde G

Eur J Med Chem, 2014 Jan;71:316-23.

PMID: 24321835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.056

A new series of N-[5-(4-(alkyl/aryl)-3-nitro-phenyl)-[1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide 4 (a-l) and 6-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-alkyl/aryl)-3-nitro-phenyl)-Imidazo [2,1-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazole 6 (a-l) were synthesized starting from 5-(4-Fluoro-3-nitro-phenyl)-[1,3,4] thiadiazole-2-ylamine. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, mass spectral and elemental analysis. All the compounds were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds were assessed by well plate method (zone of inhibition). Compounds 4a, 4c and 6e, 6g displayed appreciable activity at the concentration 0.5-1.0 mg/mL.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

An overview of antifungal peptides derived from insect

Faruck MO, Yusof F, Chowdhury S

Peptides, 2016 06;80:80-88.

PMID: 26093218 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.06.001

Fungi are not classified as plants or animals. They resemble plants in many ways but do not produce chlorophyll or make their own food photosynthetically like plants. Fungi are useful for the production of beer, bread, medicine, etc. More complex than viruses or bacteria; fungi can be destructive human pathogens responsible for various diseases in humans. Most people have a strong natural immunity against fungal infection. However, fungi can cause diseases when this immunity breaks down. In the last few years, fungal infection has increased strikingly and has been accompanied by a rise in the number of deaths of cancer patients, transplant recipients, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients owing to fungal infections. The growth rate of fungi is very slow and quite difficult to identify. A series of molecules with antifungal activity against different strains of fungi have been found in insects, which can be of great importance to tackle human diseases. Insects secrete such compounds, which can be peptides, as a part of their immune defense reactions. Active antifungal peptides developed by insects to rapidly eliminate infectious pathogens are considered a component of the defense munitions. This review focuses on naturally occurring antifungal peptides from insects and their challenges to be used as armaments against human diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy*

Clinical utility of caspofungin eye drops in fungal keratitis

Neoh CF, Daniell M, Chen SC, Stewart K, Kong DC

Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2014 Aug;44(2):96-104.

PMID: 24933448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.04.008

Treatment of fungal keratitis remains challenging. To date, only the polyenes and azoles are commonly used topically in the management of fungal keratitis. Natamycin, a polyene, is the only antifungal eye drop that is commercially available; the remainder are prepared in-house and are used in an 'off-label' manner. Failure of medical treatment for fungal keratitis is common, hence there is a need for more effective topical antifungal therapy. To increase the antifungal eye drop armamentarium, it is important to investigate the utility of other classes of antifungal agents for topical use. Caspofungin, an echinocandin antifungal agent, could potentially be used to address the existing shortcomings. However, little is known about the usefulness of topically administered caspofungin. This review will briefly explore the incidence, epidemiology and antifungal treatment of fungal keratitis. It will focus primarily on evidence related to the efficacy, safety and practicality of using caspofungin eye drops in fungal keratitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy*

Fulltext Penicilliosis in lupus patients presenting with unresolved fever: a report of 2 cases and literature review

Chong YB, Tan LP, Robinson S, Lim SK, Ng KP, Keng TC, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2012 Jun;29(2):270-6.

PMID: 22735849 MyJurnal

Penicilliosis is a rare occurrence among non human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. We report here two cases of Penicillium marneffei infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both patients had a recent flare of lupus and were on immunosuppressive drugs when they presented with prolonged fever without an obvious foci of infection, unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibiotics. They were leucopaenic upon admission, with rapid deterioration during the course of the illness. Diagnosis of penicilliosis via fungal isolation from blood culture was delayed resulting in the late initiation of antifungal agents. While both patients ultimately recovered, the delay in diagnosis led to a prolonged hospital stay with increased morbidity. Clinicians should be aware of this uncommon but emerging fungal pathogen in SLE patients and maintain a high index of suspicion in diagnosing this potentially fatal but treatable disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

Fulltext Efficacy and safety of posaconazole for the prevention of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Wong TY, Loo YS, Veettil SK, Wong PS, Divya G, Ching SM, et al.

Sci Rep, 2020 09 03;10(1):14575.

PMID: 32884060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71571-0

Invasive fungal infections are a potentially life-threatening complication in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of posaconazole as compared with other antifungal agents for preventing invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Embase, CENTRAL, and MEDLINE were searched for randomized conweekmonthtrolled trials (RCTs) up to June 2020. A systematic review with meta-analysis of RCTs was performed using random-effects model. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted for the primary outcome to assess random errors. A total of five RCTs with 1,617 participants were included. Posaconazole prophylaxis was associated with a significantly lower risk of IFIs (RR, 0.43 [95% CI 0.28 to 0.66, p = 0.0001]) as compared to other antifungal agents. No heterogeneity was identified between studies (I2 = 0%). No significant associations were observed for the secondary outcomes measured, including risk reduction of invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis, clinical failure, all-cause mortality, and treatment-related adverse events, except for infection-related mortality (RR, 0.31 [95% CI 0.15 to 0.64, p = 0.0001]). Subgroup analysis favoured posaconazole over fluconazole for the prevention of IFIs (RR, 0.44 [95% CI 0.28 to 0.70, p = 0.0004]). TSA confirmed the prophylactic benefit of posaconazole against IFIs. Posaconazole is effective in preventing IFIs among immunocompromised patients, particularly those with hematologic malignancies and recipients of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy*

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of thiazolidinone derivatives as antimicrobial and anti-viral agents

Ravichandran V, Jain A, Kumar KS, Rajak H, Agrawal RK

Chem Biol Drug Des, 2011 Sep;78(3):464-70.

PMID: 21615706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01149.x

A series of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were prepared by the reaction of respective aromatic amine, aromatic aldehyde, and thioglycolic acid in dry benzene/toluene. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, (1) HNMR, and mass spectra. The newly synthesized final compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-viral activities. Preliminary results indicated that some of the compounds demonstrated antibacterial activity in the range of 7-13 μg/mL, antifungal activity in the range of 13-17 μg/mL, comparable with the standard drugs, ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the nature of the substituents at the 2 and 3 positions of the thiazolidinone nucleus had a significant impact on the in vitro antimicrobial and anti-viral activity of these classes of agents.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

Recurrent Trichosporon asahii glossitis: a case report

Shareef BT, Harun A, Roziawati Y, Bahari IS, Deris ZZ, Ravichandran M

J Contemp Dent Pract, 2008;9(3):114-20.

PMID: 18335127

This case report aims at describing an infection of the tongue as a manifestation of a Trichosporon asahii infection, its association with bronchial asthma and steroid administration, and to present a review of the literature pertaining to its antifungal susceptibility profile.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

Fulltext Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of new metal complexes derived from 3-aminocoumarin

Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB, Al-Amiery AA, Takriff MS

Molecules, 2011 Aug 15;16(8):6969-84.

PMID: 21844844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086969

3-Aminocoumarin (L) has been synthesized and used as a ligand for the formation of Cr(III), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes. The chemical structures were characterized using different spectroscopic methods. The elemental analyses revealed that the complexes where M=Ni(II) and Cu(II) have the general formulae [ML(2)Cl(2)], while the Cr(III) complex has the formula [CrL(2)Cl(2)]Cl. The molar conductance data reveal that all the metal chelates, except the Cr(III) one, are non-electrolytes. From the magnetic and UV-Visible spectra, it is found that these complexes have octahedral structures. The stability for the prepared complexes was studied theoretically using Density Function Theory. The total energy for the complexes was calculated and it was shown that the copper complex is the most stable one. Complexes were tested against selected types of microbial organisms and showed significant activities. The free radical scavenging activity of metal complexes have been determined by measuring their interaction with the stable free radical DPPH and all the compounds have shown encouraging antioxidant activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

Design, Synthesis and Therapeutic Potential of Some 6, 6'-(1,4- phenylene)bis(4-(4-bromophenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine)analogues

Kumar S, Narasimhan B, Lim SM, Ramasamy K, Mani V, Shah SAA

Mini Rev Med Chem, 2019;19(7):609-621.

PMID: 30526456 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666181210162413

BACKGROUND: A series of 6, 6'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(4-(4-bromophenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine) derivatives has been synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation and its chemical structures was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H/13C-NMR spectral and elemental analyses. The molecular docking study was carried out to find the interaction between active bis-pyrimidine compounds with CDK-8 protein. The in vitro antimicrobial potential of the synthesized compounds was determined against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species as well fungal species by tube dilution technique. Antimicrobial results indicated that compound 11y was found to be most potent one against E. coli (MICec = 0.67 µmol/mL) and C. albicans (MICca = 0.17 µmol/mL) and its activity was comparable to norfloxacin (MIC = 0.47 µmol/mL) and fluconazole (MIC = 0.50 µmol/mL), respectively.

CONCLUSION: Anticancer screening of the synthesized compounds using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay demonstrated that compounds 2y (IC50 = 0.01 µmol/mL) and 4y (IC50= 0.02 µmol/mL) have high antiproliferative potential against human colorectal carcinoma cancer cell line than the reference drug (5- fluorouracil) and these compounds also showed best dock score with better potency within the ATP binding pocket and may also be used lead for rational drug designing.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

Recent Update on the Anti-infective Potential of β-carboline Analogs

Faheem, Kumar BK, Sekhar KVGC, Kunjiappan S, Jamalis J, Balaña-Fouce R, et al.

Mini Rev Med Chem, 2021;21(4):398-425.

PMID: 33001013 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201001130114

β-Carboline, a naturally occurring indole alkaloid, holds a momentous spot in the field of medicinal chemistry due to its myriad of pharmacological actions like anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, antimalarial, neuropharmacological, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic among others. β-Carbolines exhibit their pharmacological activity via diverse mechanisms. This review provides a recent update (2015-2020) on the anti-infective potential of natural and synthetic β-carboline analogs focusing on its antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal properties. In cases where enough details are available, a note on its mechanism of action is also added.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

Chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of rhizome essential oils of very closely allied Zingiberaceae species endemic to Borneo: Alpinia ligulata K. Schum. and Alpinia nieuwenhuizii Val

Yusoff MM, Ibrahim H, Hamid NA

Chem Biodivers, 2011 May;8(5):916-23.

PMID: 21560240 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000270

Two poorly studied, morphologically allied Alpinia species endemic to Borneo, viz., A. ligulata and A. nieuwenhuizii, were investigated here for their rhizome essential oil. The oil compositions and antimicrobial activities were compared with those of A. galanga, a better known plant. A fair number of compounds were identified in the oils by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses, with large differences in the oil composition between the three species. The rhizome oil of A. galanga was rich in 1,8-cineole (29.8%), while those of A. ligulata and A. nieuwenhuizii were both found to be extremely rich in (E)-methyl cinnamate (36.4 and 67.8%, resp.). The three oils were screened for their antimicrobial activity against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria and two fungal species. The efficiency of growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus var. aureus was found to decline in the order of A. nieuwenhuizii>A. ligulata ∼ A. galanga, while that of Escherichia coli decreased in the order of A. galanga>A. nieuwenhuzii ∼ A. ligulata. Only the A. galanga oil inhibited the other bacteria and the fungi tested.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the leaf and rhizome oils of Alpinia pahangensis Ridl., an endemic wild ginger from peninsular Malaysia

Awang K, Ibrahim H, Rosmy Syamsir D, Mohtar M, Mat Ali R, Azah Mohamad Ali N

Chem Biodivers, 2011 Apr;8(4):668-73.

PMID: 21480512 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000225

The essential oils from the leaves and rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis Ridl., collected from Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia, were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their chemical compositions were determined by GC and GC/MS analyses. The major components of the rhizome oil were γ-selinene (11.60%), β-pinene (10.87%), (E,E)-farnesyl acetate (8.65%), and α-terpineol (6.38%), while those of the leaf oil were β-pinene (39.61%), α-pinene (7.55%), and limonene (4.89%). The investigation of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils using the broth microdilution technique revealed that the rhizome oil of A. pahangensis inhibited five Staphylococcus aureus strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 0.08 and 0.31 μg/μl, and four selected fungi with MIC values between 1.25 and 2.50 μg/μl.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

Cladosporium cladosporioides keratomycosis: a case report

Chew FLM, Subrayan V, Chong PP, Goh MC, Ng KP

Jpn. J. Ophthalmol., 2009 Nov;53(6):657-659.

PMID: 20020251 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-009-0722-3

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoses/drug therapy

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