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Fulltext High-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation enhances unfamiliar face matching of high resolution and pixelated faces

Estudillo AJ, Lee YJ, Álvarez-Montesinos JA, García-Orza J

Brain Cogn, 2023 Feb;165:105937.
PMID: 36462222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105937

Face identification is useful for social interactions and its impairment can lead to severe social and mental problems. This ability is also remarkably important in applied settings, including eyewitness identification and ID verification. Several studies have demonstrated the potential of Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) to enhance different cognitive skills. However, research has produced inconclusive results about the effectiveness of tRNS to improve face identification. The present study aims to further explore the effect of tRNS on face identification using an unfamiliar face matching task. Observers firstly received either high-frequency bilateral tRNS or sham stimulation for 20 min. The stimulation targeted occipitotemporal areas, which have been previously involved in face processing. In a subsequent stage, observers were asked to perform an unfamiliar face matching task consisting of unaltered and pixelated face pictures. Compared to the sham stimulation group, the high-frequency tRNS group showed better unfamiliar face matching performance with both unaltered and pixelated faces. Our results show that a single high-frequency tRNS session might suffice to improve face identification abilities. These results have important consequences for the treatment of face recognition disorders, and potential applications in those scenarios whereby the identification of faces is primordial.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe
Unilateral absence of the lunate sulcus: an anatomical perspective

Srijit D, Shipra P

Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2008;49(2):257-8.
PMID: 18516336

The present study examines the gross anatomical features of anomalous lunate sulcus detected incidentally in a cadaveric brain and discusses its clinical importance. The absence of lunate sulcus was carefully studied in a dissected brain specimen. The absence of lunate sulcus was observed unilaterally on the right side of a cadaveric brain specimen. The lunate sulcus was clearly appreciated on the left side whilst on the right side it was absent. The right hemisphere of the cerebellum was also bigger in size as compared to the left. The absence of lunate sulcus is a rare finding, which may be detected incidentally. The anatomical knowledge of the lunate sulcus may be important for neurosurgeons operating on the occipital lobe and the radiologists interpreting CT scan.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe/abnormalities*; Occipital Lobe/pathology
Fulltext Observation of auditory perceptual and visuo-spatial characteristic of a patient with hemangiopericytoma in occipital lobe: a magnetoencephalography (MEG) study

Hanani Abdul Manan, Jafri Malin Abdullah, Zamzuri Idris, Mohammed Faruque Reza, Muhammad Hafiz Hanaf

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2018;16(2):85-91.
MyJurnal

The present study discussed functional reorganization and alteration in respond to the slow-growing tumour,
hemangiopericytoma in the occipital cortex. Visual evoked field (VEF) and auditory evoked field (AEF) using
magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to evaluate the source localization and brain activity. Results of VEF source
localization show a typical brain waves. Brain activity of the occipital lobe demonstrate low activation in the ipsilateral
to the tumour. However, result shows the activation on the contralateral hemisphere was high and bigger in activation
volume. AEF result shows an identical source localization and both side of the temporal lobe are activated. This result
suggests that there is a positive plasticity in auditory cortex and slow-growing tumour can induce functional reorganization
and alteration to the brain.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe
Elucidating the visual phenomena in epilepsy: A mini review

Akyuz E, Arulsamy A, Hasanli S, Yilmaz EB, Shaikh MF

Epilepsy Res, 2023 Feb;190:107093.
PMID: 36652852 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107093

Epilepsy is one of the most recognizable neurological diseases, globally. Epilepsy may be accompanied by various complications, including vision impairments, which may severely impact one's quality of life. These visual phenomena may occur in the preictal, ictal and/or postictal periods of seizures. Examples of epilepsy associated visual phenomena include visual aura, visual hallucinations, transient visual loss and amaurosis (blindness). These ophthalmologic signs/symptoms of epilepsy may be temporary or permanent and may vary depending of the type of epilepsy and location of the seizure foci (occipital or temporal lobe). Some visual phenomena may even be utilized to diagnose the epilepsy type, although solely depending on visual symptoms for diagnosis may lead to mistreatment. Some antiseizure medications (ASMs) may also contribute to certain visual disturbances, thereby impacting its therapeutic efficiency for patients with epilepsy (PWE). Although the development of visual comorbidities has been observed diversely among PWE, there may still be a lack of understanding on their relevance and manifestation in epilepsy, which may contribute to the rate of misdiagnosis and the current scarcity in therapeutic relieve. Therefore, this mini narrative review aimed to discuss the common epilepsy associated visual phenomena, based on the available literature. This review also showcased the relationship between the type of visual complications and the site of seizure onset, as well as compared the visual phenomena between occipital lobe epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy. Evaluation of these findings may be crucial in reducing the risk of permanent seizure/epilepsy related vision deficits among PWE.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe
Fulltext The Effect of Sex on the Electropsychological Process of Emotional Arousal Intensity

Yusoff N, Anuar NN, Reza MF

Malays J Med Sci, 2018 May;25(3):103-110.
PMID: 30899191 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.3.10

Background: Sex is a psychobiological factor that is important in the process of emotion. This study determines the effect of sex on the electropsychological process of various intensities of emotional arousal.
Methods: In the Event-related Potential (ERP) session, electroencephalographic (EEG) data was recorded for 90 participants, 60% of whom were females. The participants responded to 30 universal emotional pictures, randomly chosen from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), which were classified as invoking high, moderate, and low intensity of emotional arousal.
Results: From the analysis of variance of two-way mixed design, the interaction between sex and emotional intensity was observed in the occipital regions (O2), indexed by the amplitude of P300 and N200 components. Males exhibited higher amplitude of P300 and N200 components (in the occipital region) as responded to high and low emotional arousal stimuli than females.
Conclusion: Sex is a fundamental factor that modulates psychological states in reaction to emotional stimuli.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe
Observation of tumour-induced reorganization in structural and functional architecture of the brain in three pre-surgical patients with left frontal-temporal brain tumour: a combination of MEG, DTI and neuropsychological assessment

Hanani Abdul Manan, Zamzuri Idris, Jafri Malin Abdullah, Mohammed Faruque Reza, Wan Nor Azlen Wan Mohamad

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1877-1886.

Visual function is mainly located within the bilateral hemisphere of the occipital lobes of the brain. However, our functional magnetoencephalography (MEG) result has demonstrated the reorganization of brain activity in the occipital area in patients with left-sided brain tumour. The results showed that brain laterality changes from bilateral to unilateral activation of the occipital area. Right occipital area (contralateral areas to the tumour), shows increase intensity of activation. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with fibre tracking was performed to further investigate this brain laterality modification and the findings confirmed there is an alteration in the left hemisphere fibre optic tracts. This functional modification and changes of the brain laterality and optic tracts in the brain is suspected to be the result of tumour growth induced changes. The present observation will be discussed in term of the mechanism of tumour induced reorganization and changes with the corroborating evidence from MEG, DTI and neuropsychological assessment.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe
Fulltext Spontaneous Thrombosis of Dural Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report

Sobri M., Mezlina W.Z., Subramaniam, J.H.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2009;8(2):39-42.
MyJurnal

Dural arteriovenous malformation (DAVM) is relatively rare and defined as abnormal connections or shunts between the arterial and the venous side of vascular tree located within the dura mater. Spontaneous closures of DAVM are rare and have been scarcely reported. This case report will describe the neuroimaging findings and classification of DAVM. A 50 year old lady presented with headache. Neuroimaging showed prominent serpinginous flow-void structures, cerebral angiogram confirmed the presence of DAVM at the occipital region. She had defaulted treatment and follow-up for 3 years. On second admission, she had a cerebral angiogram which showed normal findings with no evidence of fistulas or malformation. She was discharged well. Causes of spontaneous closure of DAVM are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe
Fulltext Silent lacunar infarct with peduncular hallucinosis

Singh, J., Ahmad, N.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2016;25(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Objective: Lacunar infarct is a small infarct in the distal distribution of deep
penetrating vessels. A silent stroke is not associated with outward symptoms.
The objective of this report is to highlight a case of a silent young stroke
presenting with peduncular hallucinosis.

Methods: This gentleman was
thoroughly investigated and was found to have a lacunar infarct of the Pons
and Occipital Lobe. A further referral to Neurology thereafter; for an in
depth investigation into the cause of this silent young stroke.

Results:
Treatment with low dose antipsychotic resolved the complaints; while the
episode being transient.

Conclusion: Organic psychosis is responsive to
antidopaminergic agents, via action on the Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital
pathways.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe
Fulltext Bilateral Inferior Altitudinal Visual Field Defect in Recurrent Intracranial Meningioma: A Case Report

Ghanimi Zamli AK, Chew-Ean T, Wan Hitam WH

Cureus, 2019 Apr 11;11(4):e4436.
PMID: 31245223 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4436

Altitudinal visual field defect is a rare presentation of retrochiasmal lesion especially when bilateral visual fields were affected. In fact, bilateral inferior altitudinal visual field defect (BIAVFD) usually occurred in patients who survived a gunshot injury to the occipital lobe or as a direct trauma to the brain. We report a rare case of BIAVFD secondary to occipital meningioma. A high index of suspicion enables timely investigation and diagnosis when dealing with atypical presentation of intracranial meningioma.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe
Fulltext Recurrent bilateral occipital infarct with cortical blindness and anton syndrome

Kwong Yew K, Abdul Halim S, Liza-Sharmini AT, Tharakan J

Case Rep Ophthalmol Med, 2014;2014:795837.
PMID: 24744933 DOI: 10.1155/2014/795837

Bilateral cortical blindness and Anton syndrome, are most commonly caused by ischaemic stroke. In this condition, patients have loss of vision but deny their blindness despite objective evidence of visual loss. We report a case of a patient with multiple cardiovascular risk factors who developed recurrent bilateral occipital lobe infarct with Anton syndrome. A suspicion of this condition should be raised when the patient has denial of blindness in the presence of clinical and radiological evidence of occipital lobe injury. Management of this condition should focus on the underlying cause, in which our patient requires secondary stroke prevention and rehabilitation.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe
Bilateral occipital infarction: an uncommon cause of bilateral visual loss

Chang KM, Subrayan V, Patel DK

J Emerg Med, 2013 Mar;44(3):668-9.
PMID: 23312775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.07.079
Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe/blood supply*
Fulltext Neural correlates of eye contact in face-to-face verbal interaction: An EEG-based study of the extraversion personality trait

Roslan NS, Izhar LI, Faye I, Amin HU, Mohamad Saad MN, Sivapalan S, et al.

PLoS One, 2019;14(7):e0219839.
PMID: 31344061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219839

The extraversion personality trait has a positive correlation with social interaction. In neuroimaging studies, investigations on extraversion in face-to-face verbal interactions are still scarce. This study presents an electroencephalography (EEG)-based investigation of the extraversion personality trait in relation to eye contact during face-to-face interactions, as this is a vital signal in social interactions. A sample of healthy male participants were selected (consisting of sixteen more extraverted and sixteen less extraverted individuals) and evaluated with the Eysenck's Personality Inventory (EPI) and Big Five Inventory (BFI) tools. EEG alpha oscillations in the occipital region were measured to investigate extraversion personality trait correlates of eye contact during a face-to-face interaction task and an eyes-open condition. The results revealed that the extraversion personality trait has a significant positive correlation with EEG alpha coherence in the occipital region, presumably due to its relationship with eye contact during the interaction task. Furthermore, the decrease in EEG alpha power during the interaction task compared to the eyes-open condition was found to be greater in the less extraverted participants; however, no significant difference was observed between the less and more extraverted participants. Overall, these findings encourage further research towards the understanding of neural mechanism correlates of the extraversion personality trait-particularly in social interaction.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe/physiology*
Fulltext Visual epilepsy in glioblastoma multiforme

Chong PK, Loo AV

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):406-7.
PMID: 19803301 MyJurnal

We report a 33-year-old Chinese gentleman who presented with visual epilepsy and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure in which clinical examination revealed normal visual fields and acuity despite Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain showing large contrast enhancing mass at the right occipital lobe. Craniotomy and excision of tumour was done and the histology confirmed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). He completed radiotherapy and recovered well except developing left inferior homonymous quadrantropia post operatively which improved with time.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe/pathology*; Occipital Lobe/surgery
Fulltext Negative correlation of cortical thickness with the severity and duration of abdominal pain in Asian women with irritable bowel syndrome

Chua CS, Bai CH, Shiao CY, Hsu CY, Cheng CW, Yang KC, et al.

PLoS One, 2017;12(8):e0183960.
PMID: 28859146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183960

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) manifests as chronic abdominal pain. One pathophysiological theory states that the brain-gut axis is responsible for pain control in the intestine. Although several studies have discussed the structural changes in the brain of IBS patients, most of these studies have been conducted in Western populations. Different cultures and sexes experience different pain sensations and have different pain responses. Accordingly, we aimed to identify the specific changes in the cortical thickness of Asian women with IBS and to compare these data to those of non-Asian women with IBS.
METHODS: Thirty Asian female IBS patients (IBS group) and 39 healthy individuals (control group) were included in this study. Brain structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed. We used FreeSurfer to analyze the differences in the cortical thickness and their correlations with patient characteristics.
RESULTS: The left cuneus, left rostral middle frontal cortex, left supramarginal cortex, right caudal anterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral insula exhibited cortical thinning in the IBS group compared with those in the controls. Furthermore, the brain cortical thickness correlated negatively the severity as well as duration of abdominal pain.
CONCLUSIONS: Some of our findings differ from those of Western studies. In our study, all of the significant brain regions in the IBS group exhibited cortical thinning compared with those in the controls. The differences in cortical thickness between the IBS patients and controls may provide useful information to facilitate regulating abdominal pain in IBS patients. These findings offer insights into the association of different cultures and sexes with differences in cortical thinning in patients with IBS.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe/pathology*; Occipital Lobe/physiopathology
Fulltext Migraine with aura complicated by “migraine triggered seizures” and “occipital lobe infarction”: A case report

Juliena Muhammed, Sanihah Abdul Halim, Wan Hazabbah Wan Hitam, Tharakan, John

Neurology Asia, 2014;19(3):323-326.
MyJurnal

Migraine with aura is one of the major subtypes of migraine, and can be associated with ischaemic brain infarction. Use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) increases the risk of infarction in this type of migraine. Seizures and migraine also have a complex relationship, one element of which is migraine- triggered seizures. We report a case of bilateral occipital lobe infarction and migraine-triggered seizures, most likely precipitated by oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) in a patient with migraine with visual aura. OCPs, triptans and ergotamines should be used cautiously in these patients. Methods of birth control other than OCPs should be considered.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe
Fulltext A Brief Psychotic Episode with Depressive Symptoms in Silent Right Frontal Lobe Infarct

Badrin S, Mohamad N, Yunus NA, Zulkifli MM

Korean J Fam Med, 2017 Nov;38(6):380-382.
PMID: 29209479 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.6.380

Psychiatric symptoms may be related to a silent cerebral infarct, a phenomenon that has been described previously in literature. Acute psychosis or other neuropsychiatric symptoms including depression may present in stroke patients and patients with lesions either within the prefrontal or occipital cortices, or in subcortical areas such as the basal ganglia, thalamus, mid-brain, and brainstem. Psychosis in clinical stroke or in silent cerebral infarction is uncommon and not well documented in the literature. Neurological deficits are the most common presentation in stroke, and nearly a third of patients that suffer a stroke may experience psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety, related to physical disability. The present case report describes an elderly female patient who presented with hallucinations and depressive symptoms, and was discovered to have a recent right frontal brain infarction, without other significant neurological deficits.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe
Jeavons syndrome in China

Wang XL, Bao JX, Liang-Shi, Tie-Ma, Deng YC, Zhao G, et al.

Epilepsy Behav, 2014 Mar;32:64-71.
PMID: 24495864 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.12.016

Jeavons syndrome (JS) is one of the underreported epileptic syndromes and is characterized by eyelid myoclonia (EM), eye closure-induced seizures or electroencephalography (EEG) paroxysms, and photosensitivity. In the Western populations, it has been reported to be characterized by focal posterior, occipital predominant epileptiform discharges (OPEDs) or frontal predominant epileptiform discharges (FPEDs) followed by generalized EDs in both interictal and ictal EEG recordings. However, it is not clear if there are different clinical manifestations between OPEDs and FPEDs. The clinical and electrographic presentations in the Chinese population are largely unknown. Here, we report the clinical and electroencephalographic features of 50 Chinese patients with JS and evaluate for the presence of different clinical features between patients with OPEDs and patients with FPEDs.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe/physiopathology
Kostmann's syndrome

Joazlina ZY, Wastie ML, Kamarulzaman A

Clin Imaging, 2005 Sep-Oct;29(5):364-6.
PMID: 16153548

Kostmann's syndrome is a rare congenital disorder of neutrophil production due to impairment of myeloid differentiation in the bone marrow, with the neutrophil count being characteristically less than 500 x 10(3) cells/l (normal: 2-7 x 10(9)/l). Severe persistent neutropenia results in an increased susceptibility to frequent bacterial infections. The condition can be treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Although several articles have addressed the clinicopathological and haematological aspects of this disorder, little or no information has been available concerning the radiological findings in this disorder. This report summarizes the clinical features, radiological findings and management of a patient with Kostmann's syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe*
Fulltext Proximal migration of the Hakim's valve into a porencephalic cyst

Chee Pin Chee

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Dec;42(4):309-13.
PMID: 3331410

An unusual case of proximal migration of a Hakim's valve intracranially into a porencephalic cyst two years after insertion of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in a neonate is reported. The underlying cause is discussed. It is recommended that all shunt should be anchored with nonabsorbable suture material properly on to the pericranium.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe/radiography*
Fulltext Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae of carbon monoxide poisoning: a case report

Nurul Azreen Hashim, Norley Shuib, Salina Mohamed, Ling SL, Khariah Mat Nor

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2016;1:64-68.

Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae is an important condition which commonly occur during recovery from acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Typical presentation would be apathy, disorientation, amnesia, hypokinesia, bizarre behavior, insomnia and neurological manifestations such as gait disturbance, hypertonia and tremor. We report here a case of a man presented with delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae one month after the carbon monoxide poisoning in his suicidal attempt. He presented with the typical presentation and diagnosis confirmed with the MRI findings. His MRI showed abnormal signal in subcortical hemisphere white matter of both temporo-fronto-parietal-occipital regions along the insula and both globus pallidus. He was treated with Olanzapine, Fluvoxamine, Chlorpromazine and Levodopa and his condition slowly improved. It is important for clinicians to recognize the symptoms and risk factors to develop delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae in patients who previously had carbon monoxide poisoning.

Matched MeSH terms: Occipital Lobe

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