Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 21 in total

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  1. Mishra D, Gade S, Glover K, Sheshala R, Singh TRR
    Curr Eye Res, 2023 Feb;48(2):208-218.
    PMID: 36036478 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2119254
    Purpose: Intravitreal administration of drug molecules is one of the most common routes for treating posterior segment eye diseases. However, the properties of vitreous humour changes with the time. A number of ocular complications such as liquefaction of the vitreous humour, solidification of the vitreous humour in the central vitreous cavity and detachment of the limiting membrane due to the shrinking of vitreous humour are some of the factors that can drastically affect the efficacy of therapeutics delivered via intravitreal route. Although significant research has been conducted for studying the properties of vitreous humour and its changes during the ageing process, there have been limited work to understand the effect of these changes on therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal drug delivery systems. Therefore, in this review we discussed both the coomposition and characteristics of the vitreous humour, and their subsequent influence on intravitreal drug delivery.Methods: Articles were searched on Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science up to March 2022.Results: In this review, we discussed the biological composition and biomechanical properties of vitreous humour, methods to study the properties of vitreous humour and the changes in these properties and their relevance in ocular drug delivery field, with the aim to provide a useful insight into these aspects which can aid the process of development of novel intravitreal drug delivery systems.Conclusions: The composition and characteristics of the vitreous humour, and how these change during natural aging processes, directly influence intravitreal drug delivery. This review therefore highlights the importance of understanding the properties of the vitreous and identifies the need to achieve greater understanding of how changing properties of the vitreous affect the therapeutic efficacy of drugs administered for the treatment of posterior eye diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body*
  2. Muhammad Najmi, K., Aida Zairani, M.Z., Mushawiahti, M., Bastion, M.L.C., Amin, A.
    MyJurnal
    Pneumatic retinopexy is known as one of the treatment options for a specific type of retinal detachment. It is done in
    an office setting and may be the most cost-effective means of retinal reattachment surgery. Location and size of the
    retinal break remain as the major criteria for a successful outcome. We describe a case that fulfilled all except one
    major criteria for pneumatic retinopexy and underwent multiple procedures but failed. Fluctuation in the resolution
    of the retinal detachment such as in this particular case suggested possibility of early treatment failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body
  3. Othman SF, Sharanjeet-Kaur, Manan FA, Zulkarnain AI, Mohamad Z, Ariffin AE
    Clin Exp Optom, 2012 Sep;95(5):484-91.
    PMID: 22716100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2012.00752.x
    PURPOSE:This study aimed to determine the relationship between macular thickness and spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) in Malay subjects.
    METHODS: Sixty-three subjects (aged 19-24 years) with a mean SER of -1.79 ± 2.24 D, mean axial length of 24.26 ± 1.35 mm and mean vitreous chamber depth of 17.02 ± 1.33 mm were included in this clinical cross-sectional study. Stratus optical coherence tomography (Time Domain optical coherence tomography) was used to determine the thickness of the outer macular (perifovea) and inner macular (parafovea) at four different locations, that is, temporal, superior, nasal and inferior quadrants and also the fovea itself.
    RESULTS: Positive correlations were found between the outer macular (perifovea) thickness and SER at the temporal (R = 0.47, p < 0.05), superior (R = 0.36, p < 0.05) and inferior (R = 0.31, p < 0.05) quadrants. Foveal thickness was also positively correlated with AL (R = 0.34, p < 0.05) and VCD (R = 0.32, p < 0.05). Negative correlations were found between outer macular thickness and axial length at the temporal (R = -0.46, p < 0.05), superior (R = -0.27, p < 0.05), nasal (R = -0.25, p < 0.05) and inferior (R = -0.36, p < 0.05) quadrants. Negative correlations were also found between outer macular thickness and VCD at the temporal (R = -0.51, p < 0.05), superior (R = -0.32, p < 0.05), nasal (R = -0.31, p < 0.05) and inferior (R = -0.40, p < 0.05) quadrants.
    CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the degree of myopia and elongation of the globe are associated with thinning of most areas of the perifovea. A trend for foveal thickening in the high myopia group is also inferred, although this does not apply to the low and moderate myopia groups.
    Study site: Optometry and ophthalmology clinics, National Institute of Ophthalmic Sciences, Tun Hussein Onn National Eye Hospital (THONEH), Petaling Jaya
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body/pathology*
  4. Dissanaike AS, Ramalingam S, Fong A, Pathmayokan S, Thomas V, Kan SP
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1977 Nov;26(6 Pt 1):1143-7.
    PMID: 596511
    An active worm was seen in the right eye of a 62-year-old man in Malaysia. The worm was behind the lens and attached at one end to some vitreous fibers. It was tentatively identified as an immature Dirofilaria immitis. There appear to be only five previous authentic reports of filariae in the vitreous.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body/parasitology*
  5. Makhmudi A, Wirohadidjojo YW, Gahara E, Noor HZ, Sunardi M, Mahmudah NA, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 11;75(6):698-704.
    PMID: 33219180
    INTRODUCTION: Several studies have reported the disturbance in the process of wound healing after administration of mitomycin-C, which inhibits granulation tissue formation and collagen synthesis, resulting in chronic wounds. The vitreous gel of cow eyeballs contains a high level of hyaluronic acid, which has a role in inflammation, granulation, re-epithelialization, and remodelling. This study aims to understand the effect of 1% povidone iodine and vitreous gel of cow eyeballs on wound healing after administration of mitomycin-C.

    METHODS: This was an in vivo study with quasi-experimental methods on 32 Wistar mice. Full-thickness wounds were made and then treated with mitomicyn-C. The mice were divided into 4 groups: a control group with NaCl 0.9% vitreous gel of cow eyeball (VGCE), 1% povidone-iodine, and a combination of VGCE and 1% povidone-iodine groups. Macroscopic and microscopic observations of the process of wound healing were performed on days 3, 7, and 14.

    RESULTS: Vitreous gel administration produced significant wound healing rates within the first three days, and histological analysis revealed an increased number of fibroblasts and polymorphonuclear cells. However, the povidone iodine group and the combination group with vitreous gel did not produce significant results.

    CONCLUSION: The single administration of VGCE can accelerate the wound healing process, increase the number of fibroblasts, and reduce inflammation in a chronic wound model.

    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body
  6. Singh K
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Sep;31(1):38-41.
    PMID: 1088175
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body
  7. Teh SS, Ahem A, Bastion ML
    BMJ Case Rep, 2013;2013.
    PMID: 23774706 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009697
    This paper describes a rare case of Coats disease with late presentation in a young adult. The condition improved with a combination of focal photocoagulation, cryotherapy and intravitreal ranibizumab.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body*
  8. Bastion ML, Mustapha M, Ho I
    BMJ Case Rep, 2012;2012.
    PMID: 23093508 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-007260
    To report a unique case of crystallisation in the anterior chamber and subretinal space in a Malay lady following inadvertent subretinal injection of ranibizumab prior to vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body/surgery
  9. Thirupathy A, Tajunisah I
    Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2011 Jun;19(3):156-7.
    PMID: 21595530 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2011.555593
    To report a rare case of intermediate uveitis following rubella infection in pregnancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body/pathology
  10. Lim CP, Loo AV, Khaw KW, Sthaneshwar P, Khang TF, Hassan M, et al.
    Br J Ophthalmol, 2012 May;96(5):704-7.
    PMID: 22353698 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-301044
    To compare homocysteine (Hcy) concentration in the blood plasma, vitreous and aqueous of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) against control, and to investigate associations between Hcy concentration in blood plasma with that of aqueous and vitreous in these two groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body/metabolism*
  11. Thanigasalam T, Sahoo S, Ali MM
    PMID: 26065504 DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000056
    PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine the risk factors and the point at which posterior capsule rupture (PCR) with/without vitreous loss occurred after cataract surgery and the precautions to be taken to avoid it in the future.

    DESIGN: A retrospective study.

    METHODS: Patients who underwent cataract surgery from January 2011 to December 2012 in a hospital in Malaysia were studied. The data were obtained from the National Eye Database of Malaysia.

    RESULTS: Of 80.4% eyes (2519) that had undergone phacoemulsification, it was found that 3.06% (77) of the cases had PCR as one of the complications. The largest number of PCRs happened during cortical removal (35.2%), followed by segment removal (25.4%), cracking (8.5%), and aspiration of the oculoviscodevice (8.5%). It has been found that the rupture most often occurred during cortex removal by consultants, whereas most PCRs occurred during segment removal by specialists.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that around 3% of patients had PCR during phacoemulsification. It is important to recognize PCR and presence of vitreous loss intraoperatively to prevent further complications of cystoid macular edema and endophthalmitis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body*
  12. Han H, Chen N, Huang X, Liu B, Tian J, Lei H
    J Biol Chem, 2019 10 18;294(42):15408-15417.
    PMID: 31467081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010130
    Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that play a critical role in transmitting signals from cell-surface molecules to intracellular protein effectors. Key PI3Ks include PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, and PI3Kδ, which are regulated by receptors. The signaling pathway comprising the PI3Ks, along with a Ser/Thr kinase (AKT), a proto-oncogene product (mouse double minute (MDM)2), and a tumor suppressor protein (p53), plays an essential role in experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), which is a fibrotic blinding eye disorder. However, which PI3K isoforms are involved in PVR is unknown. A major characteristic of PVR is the formation of epi (or sub)-retinal membranes that consist of extracellular matrix and cells, including retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, glial cells, and macrophages. RPE cells are considered key players in PVR pathogenesis. Using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses, we herein provide the evidence that PI3Kδ is highly expressed in human RPEs when it is primarily expressed in leukocytes. We also found that PI3Kδ inactivation through two approaches, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated depletion and a PI3Kδ-specific inhibitor (idelalisib), not only blocks vitreous-induced activation of AKT and MDM2 but also abrogates a vitreous-stimulated decrease in p53. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PI3Kδ inactivation prevents vitreous-induced proliferation, migration, and contraction of human RPEs. These results suggest that PI3Kδ may represent a potential therapeutic target for RPE-related eye diseases, including PVR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body/enzymology; Vitreous Body/metabolism*
  13. Sivaratnam D, Subrayan V, Ali NA
    Jpn. J. Ophthalmol., 2008 Sep-Oct;52(5):416-417.
    PMID: 18991049 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-008-0569-z
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body/parasitology*; Vitreous Body/pathology
  14. Tajunisah I, Reddy SC, Tan LH
    Int Ophthalmol, 2009 Apr;29(2):85-90.
    PMID: 18026692
    A rare case of acute retinal necrosis caused by cytomegalovirus in an immunocompetent adult, diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction of vitreous aspirate, with good visual outcome after intravitreal and intravenous ganciclovir and oral prednisolone therapy, is reported. A 50-year-old healthy lady presented with redness and diminution of vision in her right eye of 10 days duration. She had anterior chamber inflammation, marked vitritis, and anterior retinal necrosis in the right eye. Blood and other investigations did not reveal any infectious diseases and HIV testing was negative. The retinal lesions and panuveitis resolved with treatment. Two months later she developed retinal detachment which was treated successfully. The best-corrected vision was 6/12 in the right eye. Seven cases of cytomegalovirus ocular infection in immunocompetent healthy adults, reported in the literature, were reviewed. The different presentations of this disease and the importance of suspecting this causative agent are highlighted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body/virology
  15. Yeap KC, Sivagurunathan PD, Raman P, Khalid KHM
    GMS Ophthalmol Cases, 2019;9:Doc25.
    PMID: 31355123 DOI: 10.3205/oc000114
    Purpose: To report a rare case of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) choroiditis masquerading as choroidal tumour, where the initial diagnosis was masked by keratitis. Casedescription: A 57-year-old heroin chaser with a pre-existing left eye blindness due to past blunt trauma presented with diffuse bacterial keratitis on the same side. Systemic examination revealed multiple non-tender cervical lymphadenopathies. B-scan ultrasonography showed a hyperechoic choroidal mass with surrounding exudative retinal detachment, resembling a choroidal tumour. However, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan findings were suggestive of inflammatory choroidal changes. Inflammatory markers were significantly raised and infective screening was positive for HIV and Hepatitis C. Tuberculosis workup was normal. In view of intractable pain, evisceration was done and his vitreous humour was sent for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was reported to be positive for Mycobacterium Fortuitum. Conclusion: NTM ocular infections are rare, challenging to diagnose, and potentially sight threatening. Early recognition and prompt treatment is life and vision saving.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body
  16. Yap JF, Wai YZ, Ng QX, Lim LT
    J Med Case Rep, 2019 May 06;13(1):131.
    PMID: 31056080 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2064-1
    BACKGROUND: This is a case report of an iatrogenic intralenticular broken steroid (Ozurdex™) implant in a patient with uveitis. There are only a few case reports on broken Ozurdex™ implants in the vitreous cavity, with none of them involving the crystalline lens. A few authors have described the accidental injection of an Ozurdex™ implant into the crystalline lens, but all of the implants remained in one piece in the lens and none of them were broken. We report an unusual case of an Ozurdex™ implant which was injected inadvertently into the crystalline lens, resulting in a broken Ozurdex™ implant with an entry and exit wound through the posterior capsule of the lens.

    CASE PRESENTATION: An ophthalmic trainee performed an Ozurdex™ intravitreal injection into a 48-year-old Asian man's right eye under aseptic conditions. This patient was then followed up for further management. On day 7 post-procedure, a slit lamp examination revealed that the Ozurdex™ implant was injected into the intralenticular structure of his right eye and had fractured into two pieces. The posterior capsule of the right lens was breached, with one half of the Ozurdex™ implant stuck at the entry and the other stuck at the exit wound of the posterior capsule. This patient underwent right eye cataract extraction and repositioning of the fractured implant; he made an uneventful recovery.

    CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmologists should be aware of the potential risk of injecting an Ozurdex™ implant into an anatomical structure other than the vitreous cavity. Adequate training and careful administration of the Ozurdex™ implant are necessary to avoid such a complication, which fortunately is rare.

    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body
  17. Sherina, Q., Rosiah, M., Mushawiahti, M.
    Medicine & Health, 2019;14(2):271-277.
    MyJurnal
    Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare, blinding disease that typically affects adults. However, in this case report, we highlight the diagnosis, management and outcome of herpes simplex acute retinal necrosis in a 13-year-old healthy girl, who presented with painful right eye, redness and blurring of vision for one week. Examination of the right eye showed features of granulomatous panuveitis. Optic disc was swollen and retina appeared pale. There were multiple patches of retinitis and haemorrhages at mid-periphery of the fundus with inferior serous detachment observed. Rapidly progressive inflammation in just four days along with secondary cataract that obscured fundus view, imposed greater challenge to the diagnosis and management. Intravenous acyclovir 300mg, 3 times a day was initiated promptly while vitreous fluid was sent for polymerase chain reaction, which identified Herpes Simplex Virus-1. Inflammation improved, but she developed vitreous haemorrhage secondary to proliferative retinopathy, which required panretinal photocoagulation. ARN is therefore, principally a clinical diagnosis and high index of suspicion is crucial particularly, in children for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Complications should also be addressed timely to improve the chances of preserving vision.

    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body
  18. Lai YK
    Br J Ophthalmol, 1990 Apr;74(4):201-2.
    PMID: 2337542
    Seven patients with macular hole retinal detachment were treated by intravitreal gas injection with or without release of subretinal fluid. Macular buckling, diathermy, cryopexy, or vitrectomy were not used. The patients were placed prone for eight hours a day until the gas had absorbed. In five of the seven patients the retina became reattached within three days and remained reattached with follow-up periods of three to 22 months (average nine months). It is believed that such detachments are due to vitreoretinal traction and the intravitreal gas bubble relieves this traction. This technique is simple, safe, and does not require costly or sophisticated instruments. It has an added advantage in preserving macular function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body
  19. Muzaliha MN, Adil H, Ibrahim M, Shatriah I
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2010;10:18.
    PMID: 20537193 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-10-18
    Candida glabrata endophthalmitis following keratoplasty is rare and almost always associated with positive donor rim culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body/ultrasonography
  20. Chendran P, Seng Fai T, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Md Din N
    J Glaucoma, 2019 10;28(10):e162-e164.
    PMID: 31368915 DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001334
    Ocular pyogenic granuloma is a benign tumor seen after ocular insult secondary to ocular surgeries, trauma or infection. Although benign, intervention is sometimes necessary. Previous authors have reported pyogenic granuloma formation following oculoplastic surgeries. We report a pyogenic granuloma after an Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. A 65-year-old gentleman presented with right eye redness associated with pain and swelling ~2 months after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. Examination found a sessile growth on the tube extruding puss with signs of endophthalmitis. The glaucoma drainage device was explanted and culture results grew Staphylococcus aureus. This article discusses the formation of pyogenic granuloma on a glaucoma drainage device and its management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitreous Body/microbiology
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