Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 35 in total

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  1. A review of mathematical modeling and simulation of controlled-release fertilizers
    Irfan SA, Razali R, KuShaari K, Mansor N, Azeem B, Ford Versypt AN
    J Control Release, 2018 02 10;271:45-54.
    PMID: 29274697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.017
    Nutrients released into soils from uncoated fertilizer granules are lost continuously due to volatilization, leaching, denitrification, and surface run-off. These issues have caused economic loss due to low nutrient absorption efficiency and environmental pollution due to hazardous emissions and water eutrophication. Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) can change the release kinetics of the fertilizer nutrients through an abatement strategy to offset these issues by providing the fertilizer content in synchrony with the metabolic needs of the plants. Parametric analysis of release characteristics of CRFs is of paramount importance for the design and development of new CRFs. However, the experimental approaches are not only time consuming, but they are also cumbersome and expensive. Scientists have introduced mathematical modeling techniques to predict the release of nutrients from the CRFs to elucidate fundamental understanding of the dynamics of the release processes and to design new CRFs in a shorter time and with relatively lower cost. This paper reviews and critically analyzes the latest developments in the mathematical modeling and simulation techniques that have been reported for the characteristics and mechanisms of nutrient release from CRFs. The scope of this review includes the modeling and simulations techniques used for coated, controlled-release fertilizers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
  2. Fulltext Herbicide-intercalated zinc layered hydroxide nanohybrid for a dual-guest controlled release formulation
    Hussein MZ, Rahman NS, Sarijo SH, Zainal Z
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(6):7328-42.
    PMID: 22837696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13067328
    Herbicides, namely 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyrate (DPBA) and 2-(3-chlorophenoxy) propionate (CPPA), were intercalated simultaneously into the interlayers of zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) by direct reaction of zinc oxide with both anions under aqueous environment to form a new nanohybrid containing both herbicides labeled as ZCDX. Successful intercalation of both anions simultaneously into the interlayer gallery space of ZLH was studied by PXRD, with basal spacing of 28.7 Å and supported by FTIR, TGA/DTG and UV-visible studies. Simultaneous release of both CPPA and DPBA anions into the release media was found to be governed by a pseudo second-order equation. The loading and percentage release of the DPBA is higher than the CPPA anion, which indicates that the DPBA anion was preferentially intercalated into and released from the ZLH interlayer galleries. This work shows that layered single metal hydroxide, particularly ZLH, is a suitable host for the controlled release formulation of two herbicides simultaneously.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
  3. Magnetic cellulose nanocrystal stabilized Pickering emulsions for enhanced bioactive release and human colon cancer therapy
    Low LE, Tan LT, Goh BH, Tey BT, Ong BH, Tang SY
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2019 Apr 15;127:76-84.
    PMID: 30639596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.037
    Stimuli-responsive drug release and controlled delivery play crucial roles in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and lowering over-dosage induced side effects. In this paper, we report magnetically-triggered drug release and in-vitro anti-colon cancer efficacy of Fe3O4@cellulose nanocrystal (MCNC)-stabilized Pickering emulsions containing curcumin (CUR). The loading efficiency of CUR in the micron-sized (≈7 μm) MCNC-stabilized Pickering emulsions (MCNC-PE) template was found to be 99.35%. The drug release profiles showed that the exposure of MCNC-PE to external magnetic field (EMF) (0.7 T) stimulated the release of bioactive from MCNC-PE achieving 53.30 ± 5.08% of the initial loading over a 4-day period. The MTT assay demonstrated that the CUR-loaded MCNC-PE can effectively inhibits the human colon cancer cells growth down to 18% in the presence of EMF. The formulation also resulted in 2-fold reduction on the volume of the 3-D multicellular spheroids of HCT116 as compared to the control sample. The MCNC particle was found to be non-toxic to brine shrimp up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Our findings suggested that the palm-based MCNC-PE could be a promising yet effective colloidal drug delivery system for magnetic-triggered release of bioactive and therapeutics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
  4. Stimuli-Responsive in situ Spray Gel of Miconazole Nitrate for Vaginal Candidiasis
    Hsin YK, Thangarajoo T, Choudhury H, Pandey M, Meng LW, Gorain B
    J Pharm Sci, 2023 Feb;112(2):562-572.
    PMID: 36096286 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.002
    Vaginal candidiasis is a common form of infection in women caused by Candida species. Due to several drawbacks of conventional treatments, the current research is attempted to formulate and optimize a miconazole nitrate-loaded in situ spray gel for vaginal candidiasis. The stimuli-responsive (pH and thermo-responsive) polymers selected for the in situ gel were chitosan and poloxamer 407, respectively, whereas hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was introduced in the formulation to further improve the mucoadhesive property. The dispersion of each polymer was carried out using the cold method, whereas the optimization of the formulation was achieved using Box-Behnken statistical design considering viscosity and gelation temperature as dependent variables. Present design achieved the optimized outcome with HPMC, poloxamer and chitosan at 0.52% (w/v), 18.68% (w/v) and 0.41% (w/v), respectively. Evaluation of drug-excipients compatibility was performed using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis where the results showed the absence of any chemical interaction between the polymers and drug component. The optimized formulation showed gelation temperature at 31°C allowing in situ phase transition in a vaginal environment; pH of 4.21 is suitable for use in the vaginal cavity, and appropriate viscosity (290 cP) at storage temperature (below 30°C) would allow spraying at ease, whereas strong mucoadhesive force (22.4±0.513 g) would prevent leaking of the formulation after application. The drug release profile showed sustained release up to 24 h with a cumulative drug release of 81.72%, which is significantly better than the marketed miconazole nitrate cream. In addition, an improved antifungal activity could be correlated to the sustained release of the drug from the formulation. Finally, the safety of the formulation was established while tested on HaCaT cell lines. Based on our findings, it could be concluded that the in situ hydrogel formulation using stimuli-responsive polymers could be a viable alternative to the conventional dosage form that can help to reduce the frequency of administration with ease of application to the site of infection, thus will provide better patient compliance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
  5. Fulltext Film Coating of Phosphorylated Mandua Starch on Matrix Tablets for pH-Sensitive Release of Mesalamine
    Malik MK, Kumar V, Kumarasamy V, Singh OP, Kumar M, Dixit R, et al.
    Molecules, 2024 Jul 05;29(13).
    PMID: 38999160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133208
    Chemically modified mandua starch was successfully synthesized and applied to coat mesalamine-loaded matrix tablets. The coating material was an aqueous dispersion of mandua starch modified by sodium trimetaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate. To investigate the colon-targeting release competence, chemically modified mandua starch film-coated mesalamine tablets were produced using the wet granulation method followed by dip coating. The effect of the coating on the colon-targeted release of the resultant delivery system was inspected in healthy human volunteers and rabbits using roentgenography. The results show that drug release was controlled when the coating level was 10% w/w. The release percentage in the upper gastric phase (pH 1.2, simulated gastric fluid) was less than 6% and reached up to 59.51% w/w after 14 h in simulated colonic fluid. In addition to in vivo roentgenographic studies in healthy rabbits, human volunteer studies proved the colon targeting efficiency of the formulation. These results clearly demonstrated that chemically modified mandua starch has high effectiveness as a novel aqueous coating material for controlled release or colon targeting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
  6. Fulltext Hydrogel polysaccharides of tamarind and xanthan to formulate hydrodynamically balanced matrix tablets of famotidine
    Razavi M, Nyamathulla S, Karimian H, Moghadamtousi SZ, Noordin MI
    Molecules, 2014;19(9):13909-31.
    PMID: 25197930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913909
    The gastroretentive dosage form of famotidine was modified using tamarind seed powders to prolong the gastric retention time. Tamarind seeds were used in two different forms having different swelling and gelling properties: with husk (TSP) or without husk (TKP). TKP (TKP1 to TKP 6) and TSP (TSP1 to TSP 6) series were prepared using tamarind powder:xanthan in the ratios of 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4, 0:5, respectively. The matrix tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method and evaluated for pharmacopoeial requirements. TKP2 was the optimum formulation as it had a short floating lag time (FLT<30 s) and more than 98.5% drug release in 12 h. The dissolution data were fitted to popular mathematical models to assess the mechanism of drug release, and the optimum formulation showed a predominant first order release and diffusion mechanism. It was concluded that the TKP2 prepared using tamarind kernel powder:xanthan (4:1) was the optimum formulation with shortest floating lag time and more than 90% release in the determined period of time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
  7. Particle designs for the stabilization and controlled-delivery of protein drugs by biopolymers: a case study on insulin
    Lim HP, Tey BT, Chan ES
    J Control Release, 2014 Jul 28;186:11-21.
    PMID: 24816070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.042
    Natural biopolymers have attracted considerable interest for the development of delivery systems for protein drugs owing to their biocompatibility, non-toxicity, renewability and mild processing conditions. This paper offers an overview of the current status and future perspectives of particle designs using biopolymers for the stabilization and controlled-delivery of a model protein drug--insulin. We first describe the design criteria for polymeric encapsulation and subsequently classify the basic principles of particle fabrication as well as the existing particle designs for oral insulin encapsulation. The performances of these existing particle designs in terms of insulin stability and in vitro release behavior in acidic and alkaline media, as well as their in vivo performance are compared and reviewed. This review forms the basis for future works on the optimization of particle design and material formulation for the development of an improved oral delivery system for protein drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry*
  8. Controlled release of insulin in blood from strontium-substituted carbonate apatite complexes
    Ahmad A, Othman I, Md Zain AZ, Chowdhury EH
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2015;12(2):210-22.
    PMID: 22452407
    Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease accompanied by a multitude of problems worldwide with subcutaneously administered insulin being the most common therapy currently. Controlledrelease insulin is assumed to be of high importance for long-term glycaemic control by reducing the number of daily injections. Long-acting insulin also mimics the basal insulin levels in normal individuals that may be lacking in diabetic patients. Nanoparticles of carbonate apatite as established for efficient intracellular transport of DNA and siRNA have the potential to be used for sustained release of insulin as responsive nano-carriers. The flexibility in the synthesis of the particles over a wide range of pHs with eventual adjustment of pH-dependent particle dissolution and the manageable variability of particle-integrity by incorporating selective ions into the apatite structure are the promising features that could help in the development of sustained release formulations for insulin. In particular strontium-incorporated carbonate apatite particles were formulated and compared with those of unsubstituted apatite in the context of insulin binding and subsequent release kinetics in DMEM, simulated buffer and finally human blood over a period of 20 hours. Clearly, the former demonstated to have a stronger electrostatic affinity towards the acidic insulin molecules and facilitate to some extent sustained release of insulin by preventing the initial burst effect at physiological pH in comparison with the latter. Thus, our findings suggest that optimization of the carbonate apatite particle composition and structure would serve to design an ideal insulin nano-carrier with a controlled release profile.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry*
  9. Impact of metal oxide nanoparticles on oral release properties of pH-sensitive hydrogel nanocomposites
    Hezaveh H, Muhamad II
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2012 Jun 1;50(5):1334-40.
    PMID: 22484730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.03.017
    In this article, modified κ-carrageenan hydrogel nanocomposites were synthesized to increase the release ability of carrageenan hydrogels under gastrointestinal conditions. The effect of MgO nanoparticle loading in a model drug (methylene blue) release is investigated. Characterization of hydrogels were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Genipin was used to increase the delivery performance in gastrointestinal tract delivery by decreasing release in simulated stomach conditions and increasing release in simulated intestine conditions. It is shown that the amount of methylene blue released from genipin-cross-linked nanocomposites can be 67.5% higher in intestine medium and 56% lower in the stomach compared to κ-carrageenan hydrogel. It was found that by changing the nanoparticle loading and genipin concentration in the composite, the amount of drug released can be monitored. Therefore, applying nanoparticles appears to be a potential strategy to develop controlled drug delivery especially in gastrointestinal tract studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
  10. Preparation of aerogel beads and microspheres based on chitosan and cellulose for drug delivery: A review
    Shi W, Ching YC, Chuah CH
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Feb 15;170:751-767.
    PMID: 33412201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.214
    Spherical aerogels are not easily broken during use and are easier to transport and store which can be used as templates for drug delivery. This review summarizes the possible approaches for the preparation of aerogel beads and microspheres based on chitosan and cellulose, an overview to the methods of manufacturing droplets is presented, afterwards, the transition mechanisms from sol to a spherical gel are reviewed in detail followed by different drying processes to obtain spherical aerogels with porous structures. Additionally, a specific focus is given to aerogel beads and microspheres to be regarded as drug delivery carriers. Furthermore, a core/shell architecture of aerogel beads and microspheres for controlled drug release is described and subjected to inspire readers to create novel drug release system. Finally, the conclusions and outlooks of aerogel beads and microspheres for drug delivery are summarized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
  11. Controlled release compound based on metanilate-layered double hydroxide nanohybrid
    Hussein MZ, Nasir NM, Yahaya AH
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2008 Nov;8(11):5921-8.
    PMID: 19198327
    Metanilate-layered double hydroxide nanohybrid compound was synthesized for controlled release purposes through co-precipitation method of the metal cations and organic anion. The effect of various divalent metal cations (M2+), namely Zn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ on the formation of metanilate-LDH nanohybrids, in which metanilate anion was intercalated into three different layered double hydroxide (LDH) systems; Zn-Al, Mg-Al and Ca-Al were investigated. The syntheses were carried out with M2+ to Al3+ initial molar ratio, R of 4. The pH of the mother liquor was maintained at pH 7.5 and 10 during the synthesis, and the resulting mixture was aged at around 70 degrees C for about 18 h. The intercalation of metanilate anion into the host was found to be strongly influenced by the M2+ that formed the inorganic metal hydroxide layers. Under our experimental condition, the formation of the nanohybrid materials was found to be more feasible for the Zn-Al than for the other two systems, in which the former showed well-ordered layered organic-inorganic nanohybrid structure with good crystallinity. Intercalation is confirmed by the expansion of the interlayer spacing to about 15-17 A when metanilate was introduced into the interlamellae of Zn-Al LDHs. In addition, CHNS and FTIR analyses also support that metanilate anion has been successfully intercalated into the interlamellae of the inorganic LDH. Apart from M2+, this study also shows that the initial pH of the mother liquor plays an important role in determining the physicochemical properties of the resulting nanohybrids, especially the mole fraction of the Zn2+ substituted by the Al3+ ion in the LDH inorganic sheets which in turn controlled the loading percentage of the organic anion, surface properties and the true density. Preliminary study shows that LDH can be used to host beneficial guests, active agent with controlled release capability of the guests. Generally the overall process is governed by pseudo second order kinetic but for the first 180 min, the release process can be slightly better described by parabolic diffusion than the other models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry*
  12. Fulltext The Impact of Halloysite on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites
    Gaaz TS, Sulong AB, Kadhum AAH, Al-Amiery AA, Nassir MH, Jaaz AH
    Molecules, 2017 May 20;22(5).
    PMID: 28531126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050838
    Nanotubular clay minerals, composed of aluminosilicate naturally structured in layers known as halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), have a significant reinforcing impact on polymer matrixes. HNTs have broad applications in biomedical applications, the medicine sector, implant alloys with corrosion protection and manipulated transportation of medicines. In polymer engineering, different research studies utilize HNTs that exhibit a beneficial enhancement in the properties of polymer-based nanocomposites. The dispersion of HNTs is improved as a result of pre-treating HNTs with acids. The HNTs' percentage additive up to 7% shows the highest improvement of tensile strength. The degradation of the polymer can be also significantly improved by doping a low percentage of HNTs. Both the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers were remarkably improved when mixed with HNTs. The effects of HNTs on the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers, such as ultimate strength, elastic modulus, impact strength and thermal stability, are emphasized in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry*
  13. Alginate-based bipolymeric-nanobioceramic composite matrices for sustained drug release
    Hasnain MS, Nayak AK, Singh M, Tabish M, Ansari MT, Ara TJ
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2016 Feb;83:71-7.
    PMID: 26608007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.044
    Alginate-based bipolymeric-nanobioceramic composite matrices for sustained drug release were developed through incorporation of nano-hydroxyapatite [nHAp] powders within ionotropically-gelled calcium ion-induced alginate-poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) blends polymeric systems. nHAp powders were synthesized by precipitation technique using calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and orthophosphoric acid [H3PO4] as raw materials. The average particle size of these was synthesized. nHAp powders was found as 19.04 nm and used to prepare nHAp-alginate-PVP beads containing DS. These beads exhibited drug entrapment efficiency (%) of 65.82±1.88 to 94.45±3.72% and average bead sizes of 0.98±0.07 to 1.23±0.15 mm. These beads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform-infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses. Various nHAp-alginate-PVP beads containing DS exhibited prolonged sustained drug release and followed the Koresmeyer-Peppas model of drug release (R2=0.9908-0.9978) with non-Fickian release (anomalous transport) mechanism (n=0.73-0.84) for drug release over 8 h.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry*
  14. Fulltext Development of drug delivery systems based on layered hydroxides for nanomedicine
    Barahuie F, Hussein MZ, Fakurazi S, Zainal Z
    Int J Mol Sci, 2014;15(5):7750-86.
    PMID: 24802876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057750
    Layered hydroxides (LHs) have recently fascinated researchers due to their wide application in various fields. These inorganic nanoparticles, with excellent features as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems, have the potential to play an important role in healthcare. Owing to their outstanding ion-exchange capacity, many organic pharmaceutical drugs have been intercalated into the interlayer galleries of LHs and, consequently, novel nanodrugs or smart drugs may revolutionize in the treatment of diseases. Layered hydroxides, as green nanoreservoirs with sustained drug release and cell targeting properties hold great promise of improving health and prolonging life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry*
  15. Formulation of Gastric Floating System Using Bio-Sourced Terminalia Catappa Gum and in vivo Evaluation
    Meka VS, Murthy Kolapalli VR
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2016;13(6):971-81.
    PMID: 26452534
    A central composite design was applied to design a novel gastric floating drug delivery system comprising propranolol HCl in Terminalia catappa gum and to evaluate the buoyancy, in vitro drug release behavior, and pharmacokinetic parameters. All formulations exhibited good buoyancy properties in vitro reflected by floating lag time of 1-110 sec, total floating time of 9-16 h and prolonged release behaviour (upto 12 h). Statistically optimised formulation (PBGRso) was orally administered to human volunteers under both fasted and fed conditions to evaluate gastric floating behavior under different food conditions by X-ray evaluation. In vivo studies of optimised formulations revealed that the gastric residence time of floating tablets was enhanced in the fed but not in the fasted state. Pharmacokinetic studies of the optimised Terminalia catappa formulation and a commercial product (Ciplar LA 80) carried out on healthy human volunteers showed a significant improvement in the bioavailability (132%) of propranolol HCl released from from the experimental Terminalia catappa formulations compared with Ciplar LA 80.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry*
  16. Controlled release of a plant growth regulator, alpha-naphthaleneacetate from the lamella of Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide nanocomposite
    bin Hussein MZ, Zainal Z, Yahaya AH, Foo DW
    J Control Release, 2002 Aug 21;82(2-3):417-27.
    PMID: 12175754
    Formation of the so-called organic-inorganic nanohybrid material was exploited for the preparation of a controlled release formulation. The inorganic Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was used as a matrix, hosting an active agent or a guest, alpha-naphthaleneacetate (NAA), a plant growth regulator by self-assembly technique. The reverse process, i.e., the deintercalation or release of the guest, NAA was found to be rapid initially, followed by a more sustained release thereafter and this behavior was dependent on the pH of the release medium, the aqueous solution. The mechanism of release has been interpreted on the basis of the ion-exchange process between the NAA anion intercalated in the lamella host and nitrate or hydroxyl anions in the aqueous solution.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
  17. Fulltext Fabrication of tri-layered electrospun polycaprolactone mats with improved sustained drug release profile
    Kamath SM, Sridhar K, Jaison D, Gopinath V, Ibrahim BKM, Gupta N, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2020 10 23;10(1):18179.
    PMID: 33097770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74885-1
    Modulation of initial burst and long term release from electrospun fibrous mats can be achieved by sandwiching the drug loaded mats between hydrophobic layers of fibrous polycaprolactone (PCL). Ibuprofen (IBU) loaded PCL fibrous mats (12% PCL-IBU) were sandwiched between fibrous polycaprolactone layers during the process of electrospinning, by varying the polymer concentrations (10% (w/v), 12% (w/v)) and volume of coat (1 ml, 2 ml) in flanking layers. Consequently, 12% PCL-IBU (without sandwich layer) showed burst release of 66.43% on day 1 and cumulative release (%) of 86.08% at the end of 62 days. Whereas, sandwich groups, especially 12% PCLSW-1 & 2 (sandwich layers-1 ml and 2 ml of 12% PCL) showed controlled initial burst and cumulative (%) release compared to 12% PCL-IBU. Moreover, crystallinity (%) and hydrophobicity of the sandwich models imparted control on ibuprofen release from fibrous mats. Further, assay for cytotoxicity and scanning electron microscopic images of cell seeded mats after 5 days showed the mats were not cytotoxic. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopic analysis revealed weak interaction between ibuprofen and PCL in nanofibers which favors the release of ibuprofen. These data imply that concentration and volume of coat in flanking layer imparts tighter control on initial burst and long term release of ibuprofen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
  18. Drug-eluting coating of ginsenoside Rg1 and Re incorporated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) on stainless steel 316L: Physicochemical and drug release analyses
    Miswan Z, Lukman SK, Abd Majid FA, Loke MF, Saidin S, Hermawan H
    Int J Pharm, 2016 Dec 30;515(1-2):460-466.
    PMID: 27793709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.056
    Active ingredients of ginsenoside, Rg1 and Re, are able to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and promote the growth of vascular endothelial cells. These capabilities are of interest for developing a novel drug-eluting stent to potentially solve the current problem of late-stent thrombosis and poor endotheliazation. Therefore, this study was aimed to incorporate ginsenoside into degradable coating of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Drug mixture composed of ginseng extract and 10% to 50% of PLGA (xPLGA/g) was coated on electropolished stainless steel 316L substrate by using a dip coating technique. The coating was characterized principally by using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle analysis, while the drug release profile of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re was determined by using mass spectrometry at a one month immersion period. Full and homogenous coating coverage with acceptable wettability was found on the 30PLGA/g specimen. All specimens underwent initial burst release dependent on their composition. The 30PLGA/g and 50PLGA/g specimens demonstrated a controlled drug release profile having a combination of diffusion- and swelling-controlled mechanisms of PLGA. The study suggests that the 30PLGA/g coated specimen expresses an optimum composition which is seen as practicable for developing a controlled release drug-eluting stent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
  19. Fulltext Preparation, characterisation and biological evaluation of biopolymer-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for sustained-delivery of silibinin
    Tan JM, Bullo S, Fakurazi S, Hussein MZ
    Sci Rep, 2020 10 09;10(1):16941.
    PMID: 33037287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73963-8
    This research work represents the first major step towards constructing an effective therapeutic silibinin (SB) in cancer treatment using oxidised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) functionalised with biocompatible polymers as the potential drug carrier. In an attempt to increase the solubility and dispersibility of SB-loaded nanotubes (MWSB), four water-soluble polymers were adopted in the preparation process, namely polysorbate 20 (T20), polysorbate 80 (T80), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chitosan (CHI). From the geometry point of view, the hydrophobic regions of the nanotubes were loaded with water-insoluble SB while the hydrophilic polymers functionalised on the outer surfaces of the nanotubes serve as a protective shell to the external environment. The chemical interaction between MWSB nanocomposites and polymer molecules was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Besides, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-visible spectrophotometry were also employed to characterise the synthesised nanocomposites. The morphological study indicated that the polymers were deposited on the external surfaces of MWSB and the nanocomposites were seen to preserve their tubular structures even after the coating process was applied. The TGA results revealed that the incorporation of biopolymers practically improved the overall thermal stability of the coated MWSB nanocomposites. Evaluation of the in vitro effect on drug release rate by the nanocomposites was found to follow a biphasic release manner, showing a fast release at an initial stage and then a sustained-release over 2500 min. Besides, the drug release mechanisms of the nanocomposites demonstrated that the amount of SB released in the simulated environment was governed by pseudo-second order in which, the rate-limiting step mainly depends on diffusion of drug through chemisorption reaction. Finally, MTT assay showed that the coated MWSB nanocomposites on 3T3 cells were very much biocompatible at a concentration up to 100 g/mL, which is an evidence of MWSB reduced cytotoxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry*
  20. Fulltext Anticancer nanodelivery system with controlled release property based on protocatechuate-zinc layered hydroxide nanohybrid
    Barahuie F, Hussein MZ, Abd Gani S, Fakurazi S, Zainal Z
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2014;9:3137-49.
    PMID: 25061291 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S59541
    BACKGROUND: We characterize a novel nanocomposite that acts as an efficient anticancer agent.

    METHODS: This nanocomposite consists of zinc layered hydroxide intercalated with protocatechuate (an anionic form of protocatechuic acid), that has been synthesized using a direct method with zinc oxide and protocatechuic acid as precursors.

    RESULTS: The resulting protocatechuic acid nanocomposite (PAN) showed a basal spacing of 12.7 Å, indicating that protocatechuate was intercalated in a monolayer arrangement, with an angle of 54° from the Z-axis between the interlayers of the zinc layered hydroxide, and an estimated drug loading of about 35.7%. PAN exhibited the properties of a mesoporous type material, with greatly enhanced thermal stability of protocatechuate as compared to its free counterpart. The presence of protocatechuate in the interlayers of the zinc layered hydroxide was further supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Protocatechuate was released from PAN in a slow and sustained manner. This mechanism of release was well represented by a pseudo-second order kinetics model. PAN has shown increased cytotoxicity compared to the free form of protocatechuic acid in all cancer cell lines tested. Tumor growth suppression was extensive, particularly in HepG2 and HT29 cell lines.

    CONCLUSION: PAN is suitable for use as a controlled release formulation, and our in vitro evidence indicates that PAN is an effective anticancer agent. PAN may have potential as a chemotherapeutic drug for human cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
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