Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 122 in total

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  1. A case of seminoma occurring in an undescended (intra-abdominal) testis
    Yong EL, Lim PHC
    Family Practitioner, 1983;6:67-69.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis
  2. Fulltext SARS-CoV-2 and Male Infertility: Possible Multifaceted Pathology
    Dutta S, Sengupta P
    Reprod Sci, 2021 Jan;28(1):23-26.
    PMID: 32651900 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00261-z
    The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2020. Bulk of research on this virus are carried out to unveil its multivariate pathology. Surprisingly, men are reportedly more vulnerable to COVID-19 even with higher fatality rate compared to women. Thus, it is crucial to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection can even affect male fertility as an immediate or long-term consequence of the disease. Among the discrete data available, an important finding is that angiotensin converting enzymes 2 (ACE2) receptor, that aids the SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, is profoundly expressed in testicular cells. In addition, the endogenous androgen milieu and its receptors are associated with ACE2 activation reflecting that enhanced testosterone levels may trigger the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In contrary, hypogonadism has also been reported in the acute phase of some COVID-19 cases. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced uncontrolled inflammatory responses may lead to systemic oxidative stress (OS), whose severe disruptive effects on testicular functions are well-documented. This article aims to precisely present the possible impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive functions, and to highlight the speculations that need in-depth research for the exact underlying mechanisms how COVID-19 is associated with men's health and fertility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/metabolism; Testis/pathology
  3. Fulltext Methylation Profile of Cancer Testis Antigens in Colorectal Cancer
    Abu N, Rus Bakarurraini NAA, Nasir SN, Ishak M, Baharuddin R, Jamal R, et al.
    Iran J Immunol, 2023 Mar 14;20(1):83-91.
    PMID: 36932973 DOI: 10.22034/iji.2023.92600.2171
    BACKGROUND: Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are a class of immune-stimulating antigens often overexpressed in many types of cancers. The usage of the CTAs as immunotherapy targets have been widely investigated in different cancers including melanoma, hematological malignancies, and colorectal cancer. Studies have indicated that the epigenetic regulation of the CTAs such as the methylation status may affect the expression of the CTAs. However, the report on the methylation status of the CTAs is conflicting. The general methylation profile of the CTAs, especially in colorectal cancer, is still elusive.

    OBJECTIVE: To determine the methylation profile of the selected CTAs in our colorectal cancer patients.

    METHODS: A total of 54 pairs of colorectal cancer samples were subjected to DNA methylation profiling using the Infinium Human Methylation 450K bead chip.

    RESULTS: We found that most of the CTAs were hypomethylated, and CCNA1 and TMEM108 genes were among the few CTAs that were hypermethylated.

    CONCLUSION: Overall, our brief report has managed to show the overall methylation profile in over the 200 CTAs in colorectal cancer and this could be used for further refining any immunotherapy targets.

    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/metabolism
  4. Histological Characteristics on the Testes of Mud Spiny Lobster, Panulirus polyphagus (Herbst, 1793)
    Nor Fatihah S, Muhd-Farouk H, Amin-Safwan A, Hafiz Mahsol H, Ikhwanuddin M
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2017;20(7):365-371.
    PMID: 29023069 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.365.371
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mud spiny lobsters, Panulirus polyphagus (P. polyphagus) are one of the most important fisheries resources now-a-days due to quality that it's possessed. However, there is still lack of in-depth study about this species mainly on males testicular characteristics and sexual maturity size. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the histological characteristics on the testes and sexual maturity sizes of mud spiny lobster, Panulirus polyphagus.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The testes were dissected out and fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for 11 h, dehydrated in 70% alcohol and lastly placed in tissue processor for 18±1 h at 60°C. The tissues blocks were cut at the thickness of 4 μm on a rotary microtome. Stained tissues were taken under Advance Microscope (Nikon Eclipse 80i Nomarski DIC). Collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Data were presented as mean±standard deviation. Statistical analyses were done using one-way ANOVA using SPSS (Version 22).

    RESULTS: These lobules of mature P. polyphagus were formed via different germinative lineage cells such as spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. The histological characteristics of testes showed that the process of spermatogenesis went through the stages of four testes maturation which were spermatogonia I and II, spermatocytes I and II, spermatids and spermatozoa stages within different body weight of P. polyphagus. It was found that there were significant difference between body weight and carapace length to the testicular maturation stages (one-way ANOVA and p = 0.000).

    CONCLUSION: The results of this experiment indicated that males P. polyphagus have four stages of testes maturation and can be considered to have fully mature testes that ready for fertilization at 452 g body weight (BW) and 107 mm carapace length (CL) or more.

    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/physiology*
  5. Does the cranial suspensory ligament have a role in cryptorchidism?
    Kassim NM, Russell DA, Payne AP
    Cells Tissues Organs (Print), 2010;191(4):307-15.
    PMID: 19940435 DOI: 10.1159/000260062
    The cranial suspensory ligament (CSL) is a fibromuscular structure anchoring the embryonic gonad to the posterior abdominal wall in male and female mammals. Its persistence in females is believed to be responsible for retaining the ovaries within the abdomen, while its regression in males permits testis descent. Embryonic loss of the CSL in males is believed to be an androgen-dependent event, and failure of this process has been proposed as a cause of cryptorchidism. The present study demonstrates that the nuclei of mesenchymal cells in the caudal part of the CSL are immunoreactively positive for androgen receptor. We examined the effects of exposure of the non-steroidal antiandrogen flutamide during the period from gestational day 10 to birth on the development of the CSL and on testis descent. Exposure of male Albino Swiss rats to the antiandrogen flutamide during this period resulted in feminization of the external genitalia and the suppression of growth of the testes and male reproductive tracts. In adulthood, testes were found to be located in diverse positions including normal scrotal (50%), intra-abdominal (10%) and ectopic suprainguinal (40%). The CSL of the testis persisted into adulthood in all flutamide-treated males, regardless of testis location. In all cases, the ligament consisted of bundles of smooth muscle fibres in the retroperitoneal fat of the posterior abdominal wall. These findings suggest that androgen blockade during embryonic development interferes with testicular descent, but that maldescent cannot be correlated with either the persistence of the CSL of the testis or its structure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/embryology*; Testis/growth & development
  6. Abnormal course of left testicular artery in relation to an abnormal left renal vein: a case report
    Satheesha NB
    Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ), 2007 Jan-Mar;5(1):108-9.
    PMID: 18603997
    The testis is an important organ upon which the survival of the human species depends. Any compression of testicular artery may lead to loss of gametogenesis and hormone production. We found a left testicular artery entrapped between two divisions of a left renal vein in an approximately 50 year old cadaver. The left renal vein was formed by union of two veins coming from the kidney, left suprarenal vein, left testicular vein and an abnormally enlarged lumbar vein. This case may be of particular importance to surgeons who transplant kidneys, radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons dealing with the spine repairs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/blood supply*
  7. The testicular feminisation syndrome
    Teoh SK
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Sep;31(1):59-64.
    PMID: 1023015
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/physiopathology*
  8. Role of Neurokinin B in gametogenesis and steroidogenesis of freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus
    Singh A, Lal B, Kumar P, Parhar IS, Millar RP
    Cell Tissue Res, 2023 Aug;393(2):377-391.
    PMID: 37278825 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03788-0
    Neurokinin B (NKB), a recently discovered neuropeptide, plays a crucial role in regulating the kiss-GnRH neurons in vertebrate's brain. NKB is also characterized in gonadal tissues; however, its role in gonads is poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of NKB on gonadal steroidogenesis and gametogenesis through in vivo and in vitro approaches using NKB antagonist MRK-08 were evaluated. The results suggest that the NKB antagonist decreases the development of advanced ovarian follicles and germ cells in the testis. In addition, MRK-08 further reduces the production of 17β-estradiol in the ovary and testosterone in the testis under both in vivo and in vitro conditions in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the in vitro MRK-08 treatment of gonadal explants attenuated the expression of steroidogenic marker proteins, i.e., StAR, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD dose-dependently. Moreover, the MAP kinase proteins, pERK1/2 & ERK1/2 and pAkt & Akt were also downregulated by MRK-08. Thus, the study suggests that NKB downregulates steroidogenesis by modulating the expressions of steroidogenic marker proteins involving ERK1/2 & pERK1/2 and Akt/pAkt signalling pathways. NKB also appears to regulate gametogenesis by regulating gonadal steroidogenesis in the catfish.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/metabolism
  9. Fulltext Role of laparoscopy and ultrasound in the management of "impalpable testis" in children
    Budianto IR, Tan HL, Kinoshita Y, Tamba RP, Leiri S, Taguchi T
    Asian J Surg, 2014 Oct;37(4):200-4.
    PMID: 24661449 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2014.01.013
    Undescended testes is one of the most common congenital abnormalities in boys. In cases of impalpable testes, ultrasound is often used to find the testis, which frequently provides false-negative results. Recently, laparoscopy has become popular in the management of impalpable testes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/abnormalities*; Testis/surgery*; Testis/ultrasonography
  10. Effects of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) on steroidogenesis in rat and porcine testis
    Kwan TK, Foong SL, Lim YT, Gower DB
    Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 1993 Nov;31(4):733-43.
    PMID: 8298502
    Using the rapid gas chromatographic steroid profiling technique, a number of metabolites of pregnenolone have been separated and quantified after incubation of this steroid with adult rat and neonatal porcine testicular homogenates. It was shown that the 5-ene-3 beta-hydroxy- and the 4-en-3-oxosteroid pathways for androgen biosynthesis were operating in both species, although the former pathway appeared to be more important in porcine testis. This tissue was characterised by the formation of several odorous, and pheromonal, 16-androstenes, which were quantitatively more important than the androgens. Three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) caused dose-related inhibition of androgen and 16-androstene biosynthesis when co-incubated with pregnenolone. The order of potency was flurbiprofen > indomethacin > > > aspirin. The possibility that the NSAIDS may interfere with cytochrome P-450 is discussed, since several steroid-transforming enzymes, known to be dependent on this cytochrome for their activity, were markedly inhibited.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/cytology; Testis/drug effects*; Testis/metabolism
  11. Kesan ekstrak akueus rosel (hibiscus sabdariffa linn.) terhadap sperma dan testis tikus diadministrasi nikotin
    Izatus Shima Taib, Siti Balkis Budin, Maizatul Nadhirah Ismail, Satirah Zainalabidin, Jamaludin Mohamed
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1611-1616.
    Penghasilan radikal bebas oleh nikotin dikaitkan dengan kerosakan sistem pembiakan lelaki terutamanya sperma dan testis. Penggunaan rawatan yang berasaskan herba seperti Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HSE) kian meningkat disebabkan kandungan antioksida semula jadi yang tinggi. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan ekstrak akueus HSE terhadap kualiti sperma dan tekanan oksidatif testis tikus yang diadministrasi nikotin. Sejumlah 21 ekor tikus jantan Sprague-Dawley dibahagikan secara rawak kepada tiga kumpulan iaitu kumpulan kawalan, nikotin dan nikotin+HSE. Nikotin disuntik secara intraperitoneum pada dos 0.6 mg/kg berat badan manakala HSE diberikan pada dos 100 mg/kg berat badan secara paksaan oral sebelum administrasi nikotin pada setiap hari selama 21 hari berturut-turut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bilangan, motiliti dan viabiliti sperma lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) manakala peratus ketaknormalan morfologi sperma lebih rendah secara signifikan (p<0.05) bagi pada kumpulan nikotin+HSE berbanding kumpulan nikotin. Sementara itu berlakunya penurunan aras malondialdehid (MDA) dan peningkatan aras glutation terturun (GSH) secara signifikan (p<0.05) bagi kumpulan nikotin+HSE berbanding kumpulan nikotin. Pemerhatian histologi mendapati HSE berpotensi melindungi morfologi testis tikus aruhan nikotin. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pemberian suplemen ekstrak HSE berpotensi mencegah kerosakan sperma dan testis akibat administrasi nikotin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis
  12. Fulltext Aphrodisiac potential of Lunasia amara on diabetic-induced male rats. [Potensi afrodisiak Lunasia amara ke atas tikus jantan teraruh diabetes]
    Nor-raidah Rahmat, Amira Kamalrudin, Shazrul Fazry, Mahanem Mat Noor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1109-1115.
    Diabetes melitus telah terbukti mengganggu penghasilan testosteron dan menyebabkan masalah libido dalam kalangan
    lelaki. Sehingga kini, tiada kajian mengenai potensi Lunasia amara dalam membaiki aktiviti seksual tikus jantan teraruh
    diabetes. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti potensi afrodisiak L. amara ke atas tikus jantan teraruh
    diabetes. Empat kumpulan tikus teraruh diabetes masing-masing diberi perlakuan ekstrak L. amara (250 dan 500 mg/
    kg berat tubuh), 500 mg/kg metformin dan air suling. Tikus kumpulan kawalan normal tanpa aruhan diabetes menerima
    perlakuan air suling. Perlakuan diberikan secara suap paksa selama 30 hari untuk melihat kesan L. amara ke atas status
    libido, aras testosteron serum, berat tubuh tikus, morfometri testis dan epididimis kauda serta aktiviti enzim antioksida
    testis tikus teraruh diabetes berbanding kawalan. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan berlaku penurunan libido, aras
    testosteron dan aktiviti khusus enzim antioksida (glutation peroksidase, katalase dan superoksida dismutase) testis tikus
    teraruh diabetes secara signifikan (p<0.05) pada kedua-dua dos tersebut berbanding kawalan normal. Sementara itu,
    perlakuan L. amara didapati tidak menjejaskan morfometri testis, epididimis kauda dan berat tubuh tikus yang menerima
    perlakuan L. amara berbanding kawalan normal. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa ekstrak akuas batang L. amara pada
    dos 250 dan 500 mg/kg berat tubuh tidak berupaya memperbaiki aktiviti seksual tikus jantan teraruh diabetes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis
  13. Fenitrothion induced oxidative stress and morphological alterations of sperm and testes in male Sprague-Dawley rats
    Taib IS, Budin SB, Ghazali AR, Jayusman PA, Louis SR, Mohamed J
    Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2013 Jan;68(1):93-100.
    PMID: 23420164
    OBJECTIVE: Fenitrothion residue is found primarily in soil, water and food products and can lead to a variety of toxic effects on the immune, hepatobiliary and hematological systems. However, the effects of fenitrothion on the male reproductive system remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fenitrothion on the sperm and testes of male Sprague-Dawley rats.

    METHODS: A 20 mg/kg dose of fenitrothion was administered orally by gavages for 28 consecutive days. Blood sample was obtained by cardiac puncture and dissection of the testes and cauda epididymis was performed to obtain sperm. The effects of fenitrothion on the body and organ weight, biochemical and oxidative stress, sperm characteristics, histology and ultrastructural changes in the testes were evaluated.

    RESULTS: Fenitrothion significantly decreased the body weight gain and weight of the epididymis compared with the control group. Fenitrothion also decreased plasma cholinesterase activity compared with the control group. Fenitrothion altered the sperm characteristics, such as sperm concentration, sperm viability and normal sperm morphology, compared with the control group. Oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, total glutathione and glutathione S-transferase, were significantly increased and superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in the fenitrothion-treated group compared with the control group. The histopathological and ultrastructural examination of the testes of the fenitrothion-treated group revealed alterations corresponding with the biochemical changes compared with the control group.

    CONCLUSION: A 20 mg/kg dose of fenitrothion caused deleterious effects on the sperm and testes of Sprague-Dawley rats.

    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/drug effects*; Testis/pathology; Testis/chemistry
  14. Transverse testicular ectopia: correlation of embryology with laparoscopic findings
    Thambidorai CR, Khaleed A
    Pediatr Surg Int, 2008 Mar;24(3):371-4.
    PMID: 17492292
    Two patients with unilateral transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) without the persistence of Mullerian duct structures are described. Each presented with unilateral impalpable testis and a contralateral inguinal hernia. The diagnosis of unilateral TTE was made during laparoscopic evaluation for undescended testis. The first patient had unilateral TTE on the right side and the second on the left. In both patients, a long thin band resembling the round ligament of the uterus was seen extending from the region of the internal inguinal ring (IIR) on the side of the undescended testis to the opposite inguinal canal. In both patients, there was no patent processus vaginalis on the side of the undescended testis and on the contralateral side the internal rings were widely patent with large hernial sacs. In the second patient, the right vas was seen extending from the right IIR towards the right side of the pelvis. The right vas showed a short segment of discontinuity at the level of the right IIR while its proximal end extended into the left inguinal canal in close relation to the right spermatic vessels. The vasal anomaly was probably ischemic in origin, resulting from excessive mobility of the ectopic testis and its vas in TTE. Correlation of the current hypotheses on the embryology of TTE with the above mentioned laparoscopic findings is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis*
  15. Peculiar bundles of filaments in Leydig cells of the lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus): an ultrastructural study
    Andriana BB, Mizukami T, Kanai Y, Kimura J, Fukuta K, Kurohmaru M, et al.
    Anat Histol Embryol, 2003 Dec;32(6):370-2.
    PMID: 14651486
    Leydig cells of lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) testes were observed using light and transmission electron microscopies. Sexually mature lesser mouse deer were obtained in East Malaysia. The testes were perfused with 5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed with 1% OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in Araldite. The semithin sections were cut, stained with toluidine blue and observed under light microscopy. The ultrathin sections were cut, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined using a JEM-1200 transmission electron microscope. As a result, two types of filament bundles were frequently recognized in Leydig cells, but not in other testicular cells. These bundles were clearly seen at even a light microscopic level. One type was bundles of actin filaments (approximately 5 nm in diameter). These structures were found not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus. The other type was bundles of intermediate filaments (approximately 10 nm in diameter). These structures were found only in the cytoplasm. The existence of filament bundles has never been reported in the testicular cells of another mammalian species. Thus, while bundles of actin and intermediate filaments are specifically present in the Leydig cells of the lesser mouse deer, their functions are still unclear.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/cytology
  16. Light and the gonadal cycle of the black-headed Munia, Munia malacca malacca
    Pandha SK, Thapliyal JP
    Endocrinol. Jpn., 1969 Feb;16(1):157-61.
    PMID: 5394323
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/growth & development*
  17. Long-Term Monitoring of Donor Xenogeneic Testis Tissue Grafts and Cell Implants in Recipient Mice Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
    Fayaz MA, Awang-Junaidi AH, Singh J, Honaramooz A
    Ultrasound Med Biol, 2020 11;46(11):3088-3103.
    PMID: 32800471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.07.010
    Testis tissue xenografting and testis cell aggregate implantation from various donor species into recipient mice are novel models for the study and manipulation of testis formation and function in target species. Thus far, the analysis of such studies has been limited to surgical or post-mortem retrieval of samples. Here we used ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to monitor the development of neonatal porcine testis grafts and implants in host mice for 24 wk, and to correlate UBM and (immuno)histologic changes. This led to long-term visualization of gradual changes in volume, dimension and structure of grafts and implants; detection of a 4 wk developmental gap between grafts and implants; and revelation of differences in implant development depending on the craniocaudal site of implantation on the back of host mice. Our data support the reliability and precision of UBM for longitudinal study of transplants, which eliminates the need for frequent surgical sampling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/transplantation*
  18. Oblique Retro-Aortic Left Renal Vein and its Clinical Importance
    Bhagavath P, Nayak BS, Monteiro NP, Kumar GP
    Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ), 2016 7 18;13(52):369-71.
    PMID: 27423291
    Kidneys are the organs that remove the waste products of the metabolic activities. A smooth blood flow to the kidneys is essential to maintain their function. Abnormalities of the renal vasculature may result not only in impairing the renal function but can lead to conditions like varicocele. During an autopsy of an adult male, we observed renal vascular variations. The left renal vein had a retro-aortic course before its termination into the inferior vena cava. It was joined with the inferior vena cava at the level of inferior mesenteric artery with an acute angle. The left testicular vein joined the left renal vein with an acute angle. The right kidney was supplied by two renal arteries. The knowledge about retro-aortic course of the left renal vein may be important during renal transplantation. The oblique course of left renal vein and the termination of left testicular vein into it with an acute angle may increase the chances of left sided varicocele.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/blood supply
  19. Fulltext Nasalization by Nasalis larvatus: Larger noses audiovisually advertise conspecifics in proboscis monkeys
    Koda H, Murai T, Tuuga A, Goossens B, Nathan SKSS, Stark DJ, et al.
    Sci Adv, 2018 02;4(2):eaaq0250.
    PMID: 29507881 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq0250
    Male proboscis monkeys have uniquely enlarged noses that are prominent adornments, which may have evolved through their sexually competitive harem group social system. Nevertheless, the ecological roles of the signals encoded by enlarged noses remain unclear. We found significant correlations among nose, body, and testis sizes and a clear link between nose size and number of harem females. Therefore, there is evidence supporting both male-male competition and female choice as causal factors in the evolution of enlarged male noses. We also observed that nasal enlargement systematically modifies the resonance properties of male vocalizations, which probably encode male quality. Our results indicate that the audiovisual contributions of enlarged male noses serve as advertisements to females in their mate selection. This is the first primate research to evaluate the evolutionary processes involved in linking morphology, acoustics, and socioecology with unique masculine characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/anatomy & histology
  20. Fulltext Multiple variations of the right renal vessels
    Nayak BS
    Singapore Med J, 2008 Jun;49(6):e153-5.
    PMID: 18581008
    Multiple variations of the right renal and testicular vessels were found during routine dissection in a 65-year-old male cadaver. The cadaver was healthy and did not have any other anomalies. The variations found were: presence of three right renal arteries, origin of the right inferior suprarenal artery from the middle right renal artery, two right renal veins, origin of the right testicular artery from the inferior right renal artery and the termination of the right testicular vein into the right renal vein. A sound knowledge of vascular variations in relation to the right kidney and right suprarenal gland is important in kidney transplantation and suprarenal surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testis/blood supply
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