Browse publications by year: 2012

  1. Salehinejad P, Alitheen NB, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Ali AM, Omar AR, Janzamin E, et al.
    Cytotherapy, 2012 Sep;14(8):948-53.
    PMID: 22587592 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.684377
    BACKGROUND AIMS: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been isolated from a number of different tissues, including umbilical cord. Because of the lack of a uniform approach to human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal (hUCM) cell expansion, we attempted to identify the optimum conditions for the production of a high quantity of hUCM cells by comparing two media.

    METHODS: We compared the ability of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium/F12 (DMEM/F12) and Alpha Minimum Essential Medium (α-MEM) with Glutamax (GL) (α-MEM/GL) to expand hUCM cells. For this purpose, hUCM cells were cultured in plates containing different culture media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Culture dishes were left undisturbed for 10-14 days to allow propagation of the newly formed hUCM cells. The expansion properties, CD marker expression, differentiation potential, population doubling time (PDT) and cell activity were compared between the two groups.

    RESULTS: The hUCM cells harvested from each group were positive for MSC markers, including CD44, CD90 and CD105, while they were negative for the hematopoietic cell surface marker CD34. Differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages was confirmed for both treatments. Cell activity was higher in the α-MEM/GL group than the DMEM/F12 group. PDT was calculated to be 60 h for the DMEM/F12 group, while for the α-MEM/GL group it was 47 h.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveal that α-MEM/GL with 10% FBS supports hUCM cell growth more strongly than DMEM/F12 with 10% FBS.

    MeSH terms: Cell Differentiation; Humans; Organic Chemicals; Umbilical Cord/cytology*; Biomarkers; Cell Culture Techniques*; Cell Proliferation; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology*
  2. Umar AA, Iwantono I, Abdullah A, Salleh MM, Oyama M
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2012;7(1):252.
    PMID: 22587640 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-7-252
    A network of gold nanostructures exhibiting one-dimensional gold nanostructure properties may become a prospective novel structure for optical, electrical and catalytic applications benefited by its unusual characteristics resulting from the collective properties of individual nanostructures in the network. In this paper, we demonstrate a facile method for the formation of high-density gold nanonetwork film on the substrate surface composed of quasi-1D nanoparticles (typically fusiform) with length ca. 10 nm - via reduction of gold ions in the presence of nanoseeds attached surface, binary surfactants of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and hexamethyleneteramine and Ag+ ions. The length of the nanonetworks can be up to ca. 100 nm, which corresponds to the aspect ratio of ca. 10. The quasi-1D gold nanostructures as well as the nanonetworks were found to be sensitive to the binary surfactants system and the Ag+ ions as they can only be formed if all the chemicals are available in the reaction. The nanonetworks exhibit unique 1D optical properties with the presence of transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon resonance absorption. Owing to their peculiar structures that are composed of small quasi-1D nanoparticles, the nanonetworks may produce unusual optical and catalytic properties, which are potentially used in surface-enhanced Raman scattering, catalysis and optical and non-linear optical applications.
  3. Ravoof TB, Omar SA, Mohamed Tahir MI, Crouse KA
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2012 Apr 1;68(Pt 4):m390-1.
    PMID: 22589778 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812009592
    In the title compound, [Zn(C(20)H(16)N(3)S(2))(2)]·CH(3)CN, two different Schiff base moieties coordinate to the central Zn(II) ion as tridentate N,N',S-chelating ligands, creating a distorted octa-hedral environment [the smallest angle being 73.24 (6)° and the widest angle being 155.73 (7)°], with the two S atoms in cis positions. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two coordinating ligands is 83.65 (5)°. The crystal packing is consolidated by weak C-H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter-actions.
  4. Ravoof TB, Omar SA, Mohamed Tahir MI, Crouse KA
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2012 May 1;68(Pt 5):m534-5.
    PMID: 22590061 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812013529
    The title compound, [Zn(C(15)H(14)N(3)S(2))(2)], contains two chemically equivalent Schiff base anions that are coordinated to the Zn(II) ion as tridentate N,N',S-chelating ligands, creating a distorted octa-hedral environment [the smallest angle being 75.40 (6)° and the widest angle being 162.87 (6)°], with the two S atoms in cis positions. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two coordinating ligands is 85.65 (5)°. Weak C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds are also observed.
  5. Ravoof TB, Omar SA, Mohamed Tahir MI, Crouse KA
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2012 May 01;68(Pt 5):m664.
    PMID: 22590148 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812017333
    The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ni(C(15)H(14)N(3)S(2))(2)], consists of two independent mol-ecules with similar configurations. Each Ni(2+) cation is coordinated in a cis-mode by two tridentate N,N',S-chelating Schiff base ligands, creating a distorted octa-hedron [the smallest angle being 77.57 (7)° and the widest being 168.97 (7)° for one mol-ecule, and 78.04 (7) and 167.55 (7)° for the second mol-ecule]. The dihedral angle between the mean coordination planes of the two ligands is 86.76 (7)° for one and 89.99 (7)° for the second mol-ecule. π-π inter-actions between neighbouring pyridine rings with plane-to-plane distances of 3.540 (1) and 3.704 (1) Å are observed.
  6. Ng SW
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2012 May 1;68(Pt 5):o1416.
    PMID: 22590302 DOI: 10.1107/S160053681201598X
    In the title salt (common name l-carnitine hydro-chloride), C(7)H(16)NO(3) (+)·Cl(-), the organic cation features a carb-oxy-lic part (-CO(2)H) having unambigous single- and double-bonds [1.336 (2), 1.211 (2) Å]. There is a large N-C-C bond angle [115.9 (1)°] for the C atom connected to the bulky trimethyl-amino substituent. In the crystal, the acid H atom forms a hydrogen bond to the chloride anion, whereas the hydroxyl H atom forms a longer hydrogen bond to the anion, generating a helical chain running along [001].
  7. Narimani L, Yamin BM
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2012 May 1;68(Pt 5):o1475.
    PMID: 22590348 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812016637
    The title compound, C(4)H(8)N(5) (+)·C(2)HO(4) (-), was obtained from the reaction of oxalic acid and 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine. The protonated triazine ring is essentially planar with a maximum deviation of 0.035 (1) Å, but the hydrogen oxalate anion is less planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.131 (1) Å for both carbonyl O atoms. In the crystal, the ions are linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯O, N-H⋯N, O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. Weak π-π [centroid-centroid distance = 3.763 Å] and C-O⋯π inter-actions [O⋯centroid = 3.5300 (16) Å, C-O⋯centroid = 132.19 (10)°] are also present.
  8. Tan PC, Soe MZ, Si Lay K, Wang SM, Sekaran SD, Omar SZ
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2012;6(5):e1637.
    PMID: 22590658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001637
    Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito borne infection worldwide. Vertical transmissions after maternal dengue infection to the fetus and pregnancy losses in relation to dengue illness have been reported. The relationship of dengue to miscarriage is not known.
    MeSH terms: Abortion, Spontaneous/etiology*; Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology*; Adult; Antibodies, Viral/blood; Antigens, Viral/blood; Dengue/complications*; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G/blood; Immunoglobulin M/blood; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Case-Control Studies; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/blood
  9. Chan KK, Wong RS, Mohamed SM, Ibrahim TA, Abdullah M, Nadarajah VD
    PMID: 22591286
    Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) parasporal proteins with selective anticancer activity have recently garnered interest. This study determines the efficacy and mode of cell death of Bt 18 parasporal proteins against 3 leukemic cell lines (CEM-SS, CCRF-SB and CCRF-HSB-2).Cell-based biochemical analysis aimed to determine cell viability and the percentage of apoptotic cell death in treated cell lines; ultrastructural analysis to study apoptotic changes and Western blot to identify the parasporal proteins' binding site were performed. Bt 18 parasporal proteins moderately decreased viability of leukemic cells but not that of normal human T lymphocytes. Further purification of the proteins showed changes in inhibition selectivity. Phosphatidylserine externalization, active caspase-3, cell cycle, and ultrastructural analysis confirmed apoptotic activity and S-phase cell-cycle arrest. Western blot analysis demonstrated glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a binding protein. We suggest that Bt 18 parasporal proteins inhibit leukemic cell viability by cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase binding initiates apoptosis.
    MeSH terms: B-Lymphocytes/drug effects; B-Lymphocytes/pathology; B-Lymphocytes/ultrastructure; Bacillus thuringiensis*; Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology*; Cell Cycle/drug effects; Cell Line; Endotoxins/pharmacology; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects; T-Lymphocytes/pathology; T-Lymphocytes/ultrastructure; Apoptosis/drug effects*; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Caspase 3/metabolism*; Caspase 7/metabolism*; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology*; Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects*
  10. Lasekan O, Abbas KA
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2012;52(8):726-35.
    PMID: 22591343 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.507910
    The characteristic flavor of exotic tropical fruits is one of their most attractive attributes to consumers. In this article, the enormous diversity of exotic fruit flavors is reviewed. Classifying some of the exotic fruits into two classes on the basis of whether esters or terpenes predominate in the aroma was also attempted. Indeed, as far as exotic tropical fruits are concerned, the majority of fruits have terpenes predominating in their aroma profile. Some of the fruits in this group are the Amazonian fruits such as pitanga, umbu-caja, camu-camu, garcinia, and bacuri. The ester group is made up of rambutan, durians, star fruit, snake fruit, acerola, tamarind, sapodilla, genipap, soursop, cashew, melon, jackfruit, and cupuacu respectively. Also, the role of sulphur-volatiles in some of the exotic fruits is detailed.
    MeSH terms: Esters/analysis; Fruit/chemistry*; Odors/analysis*; Smell; Taste*; Terpenes/analysis; Tropical Climate*; Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis
  11. Akhavan Hejazi SM, Mazlan M
    Acta Med Iran, 2012;50(4):292-4.
    PMID: 22592581
    Post-stroke shoulder pain is associated with either a peripheral or central pathology. However, most of the time, it is challenging to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the suggested pathology and shoulder pain reported. We report a 66 year-old man who developed a right hemiplegic shoulder pain two months post stroke with initial investigations suggestive of peripheral pathologies. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment did not improve his shoulder pain. Later he developed complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) of the right hand and the initial shoulder pain subsequently relieved following resolution of the CRPS.
    MeSH terms: Aged; Analgesics/therapeutic use; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Humans; Male; Pain Measurement; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy/complications*; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy/diagnosis; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy/therapy; Treatment Outcome; Shoulder Pain/diagnosis; Shoulder Pain/etiology*; Shoulder Pain/therapy; Stroke/complications*; Acute Pain/diagnosis; Acute Pain/etiology*; Acute Pain/therapy
  12. Seddighi Chaharborj S, Phang PS, Sadat Kiai SM, Majid ZA, Abu Bakar MR, Fudziah I
    Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 2012 Jun 30;26(12):1481-7.
    PMID: 22592992 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6232
    The capabilities and performances of a quadrupole ion trap under damping force based on collisional cooling is of particular importance in high-resolution mass spectrometry and should be analyzed by Mathieu's differential solutions. These solutions describe the stability and instability of the ion's trajectories confined in quadrupole devices. One of the methods for solving Mathieu's differential equation is a two-point one block method. In this case, Mathieu's stability diagram, trapping parameters a(z) and q(z) and the secular frequency of the ion motion w(z), can be derived in a precise manner. The two-point one block method (TPOBM) of Adams Moulton type is presented to study these parameters with and without the effect of damping force and compared to the 5th-order Runge-Kutta method (RKM5). The simulated results show that the TPOBM is more accurate and 10 times faster than the RKM5. The physical properties of the confined ions in the r and z axes are illustrated and the fractional mass resolutions m/Δm of the confined ions in the first stability region were analyzed by the RKM5 and the TPOBM.
  13. Khoo S, Morris T
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2012 May;24(3):435-49.
    PMID: 22593220 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512446368
    Obesity is a global health concern and has a great impact on countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for obesity, but physical activity levels are declining in much of this region. Increasing physical activity is a priority in many countries. Considerable research has been conducted on physical activity related to obesity in Western countries, but populations in the Asia-Pacific region differ in physical, psychological, social, and cultural ways that warrant local and regional research. The authors reviewed research conducted in the Asia-Pacific region that examined either the impact of physical activity interventions on obesity-related outcomes or the effect of behavior-change interventions on physical activity participation. The number of studies found was limited, and their samples and methods varied too much to draw conclusions. The authors recommend further research in the Asia-Pacific region using systematic protocols to permit sound conclusions to be drawn and promote informed action at local levels.
    MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology; Health Promotion/methods*; Humans; Motor Activity*; Obesity/epidemiology; Obesity/prevention & control*; Pacific Islands/epidemiology; Risk Factors; Program Evaluation; Exercise; Evidence-Based Practice
  14. Emenike CU, Fauziah SH, Agamuthu P
    Waste Manag Res, 2012 Sep;30(9):888-97.
    PMID: 22593235 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X12443585
    Landfilling is a major option in waste management hierarchy in developing nations. It generates leachate, which has the potential of polluting watercourses. This study analysed the physico-chemical components of leachate from a closed sanitary landfill in Malaysia, in relation to evaluating the toxicological impact on fish species namely Pangasius sutchi S., 1878 and Clarias batrachus L., 1758. The leachate samples were taken from Air Hitam Sanitary Landfill (AHSL) and the static method of acute toxicity testing was experimented on both fish species at different leachate concentrations. Each fish had an average of 1.3 ± 0.2 g wet weight and length of 5.0 ± 0.1 cm. Histology of the fishes was examined by analysing the gills of the response (dead) group, using the Harris haemtoxylin and eosin (H&E) method. Finneys' Probit method was utilized as a statistical tool to evaluate the data from the fish test. The physico-chemical analysis of the leachate recorded pH 8.2 ± 0.3, biochemical oxygen demand 3500 ± 125 mg L(-1), COD 10 234 ± 175 mg L(-1), ammonical nitrogen of 880 ± 74 mg L(-1), benzene 0.22 ± 0.1 mg L(-1) and toluene 1.2 ± 0.4 mg L(-1). The 50% lethality concentration (LC(50)) values calculated after 96 h exposure were 3.2% (v/v) and 5.9% (v/v) of raw leachate on P. sutchi and C. batrachus, respectively. The H&E staining showed denaturation of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the gills of the response groups. Leachate from the sanitary landfill was toxic to both fish species. The P. sutchi and C. batrachus may be used as indicator organisms for leachate pollution in water.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Catfishes/metabolism*; Gills/drug effects*; Gills/pathology; Lethal Dose 50; Liver/drug effects*; Liver/pathology; Malaysia; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Species Specificity; Mass Spectrometry; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
  15. Taha RM, Wafa SN
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:359413.
    PMID: 22593677 DOI: 10.1100/2012/359413
    Tissue culture studies of Celosia cristata were established from various explants and the effects of various hormones on morphogenesis of this species were examined. It was found that complete plant regeneration occurred at highest percentage on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L NAA and 1.5 mg/L BAP, with the best response showed by shoot explants. In vitro flowering was observed on MS basal medium after six weeks. The occurrence of somaclonal variation and changes in cellular behavior from in vivo and in vitro grown plants were investigated through cytological studies and image analysis. It was observed that Mitotic Index (MI), mean chromosome numbers, and mean nuclear to cell area ratio of in vitro root meristem cells were slightly higher compared to in vivo values. However, in vitro plants produced lower mean cell areas but higher nuclear areas when compared to in vivo plants. Thus, no occurrence of somaclonal variation was detected, and this was supported by morphological features of the in vitro plants.
    MeSH terms: Benzyl Compounds/pharmacology; Mitotic Index; Morphogenesis/drug effects; Morphogenesis/physiology; Naphthaleneacetic Acids/pharmacology; Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology; Purines/pharmacology; Regeneration/drug effects; Regeneration/physiology*; Plant Leaves/cytology; Plant Leaves/growth & development; Plant Leaves/physiology; Plant Roots/cytology; Plant Roots/growth & development; Plant Roots/physiology; Meristem/cytology; Meristem/growth & development; Meristem/physiology; Plant Shoots/cytology; Plant Shoots/growth & development; Plant Shoots/physiology; Plant Stems/cytology; Plant Stems/growth & development; Plant Stems/physiology; Celosia/cytology; Celosia/genetics*; Celosia/physiology*; Flowers/cytology; Flowers/growth & development; Flowers/physiology; Tissue Culture Techniques
  16. KoohiKamali S, Tan CP, Ling TC
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:475027.
    PMID: 22593688 DOI: 10.1100/2012/475027
    In this study, the methanolysis process of sunflower oil was investigated to get high methyl esters (biodiesel) content using sodium methoxide. To reach to the best process conditions, central composite design (CCD) through response surface methodology (RSM) was employed. The optimal conditions predicted were the reaction time of 60 min, an excess stoichiometric amount of alcohol to oil ratio of 25%w/w and the catalyst content of 0.5%w/w, which lead to the highest methyl ester content (100%w/w). The methyl ester content of the mixture from gas chromatography analysis (GC) was compared to that of optimum point. Results, confirmed that there was no significant difference between the fatty acid methyl ester content of sunflower oil produced under the optimized condition and the experimental value (P ≥ 0.05). Furthermore, some fuel specifications of the resultant biodiesel were tested according to American standards for testing of materials (ASTM) methods. The outcome showed that the methyl ester mixture produced from the optimized condition met nearly most of the important biodiesel specifications recommended in ASTM D 6751 requirements. Thus, the sunflower oil methyl esters resulted from this study could be a suitable alternative for petrol diesels.
    MeSH terms: Ethanol/metabolism; Methanol/metabolism*; Algorithms; Biotechnology/methods*; Catalysis; Chromatography, Gas; Esterification; Esters/metabolism; Fatty Acids/analysis; Glycerol/metabolism; Kinetics; Plant Oils/metabolism*; Triglycerides/metabolism; Biofuels/analysis*; Biofuels/standards
  17. Latif MA, Rafii MY, Mazid MS, Ali ME, Ahmed F, Omar MY, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:586831.
    PMID: 22593700 DOI: 10.1100/2012/586831
    Direct amplified length polymorphism (DALP) combines the advantages of a high-resolution fingerprint method and also characterizing the genetic polymorphisms. This molecular method was also found to be useful in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens species complex for the analysis of genetic polymorphisms. A total of 11 populations of Nilaparvata spp. were collected from 6 locations from Malaysia. Two sympatric populations of brown planthopper, N. lugens, one from rice and the other from a weed grass (Leersia hexandra), were collected from each of five locations. N. bakeri was used as an out group. Three oligonucleotide primer pairs, DALP231/DALPR'5, DALP234/DALPR'5, and DALP235/DALPR'5 were applied in this study. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on genetic distances for the 11 populations of Nilaparvata spp. revealed that populations belonging to the same species and the same host type clustered together irrespective of their geographical localities of capture. The populations of N. lugens formed into two distinct clusters, one was insects with high esterase activities usually captured from rice and the other was with low esterase activities usually captured from L. hexandra. N. bakeri, an out group, was the most isolated group. Analyses of principal components, molecular variance, and robustness also supported greatly to the findings of cluster analysis.
    MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Genetic Markers; Genetics, Population; Geography; Poaceae/parasitology; Hemiptera/classification; Hemiptera/genetics*; Malaysia; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Genetic; Oryza/parasitology; Principal Component Analysis; Genetic Speciation*; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis/methods*; Sympatry*
  18. Loo KW, Griffiths LR, Gan SH
    BMC Med Genet, 2012 May 17;13:34.
    PMID: 22594584 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-34
    BACKGROUND: Hyperhomocysteinemia as a consequence of the MTHFR 677 C > T variant is associated with cardiovascular disease and stroke. Another factor that can potentially contribute to these disorders is a depleted nitric oxide level, which can be due to the presence of eNOS +894 G > T and eNOS -786 T > C variants that make an individual more susceptible to endothelial dysfunction. A number of genotyping methods have been developed to investigate these variants. However, simultaneous detection methods using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis are still lacking. In this study, a novel multiplex PCR-RFLP method for the simultaneous detection of MTHFR 677 C > T and eNOS +894 G > T and eNOS -786 T > C variants was developed. A total of 114 healthy Malay subjects were recruited. The MTHFR 677 C > T and eNOS +894 G > T and eNOS -786 T > C variants were genotyped using the novel multiplex PCR-RFLP and confirmed by DNA sequencing as well as snpBLAST. Allele frequencies of MTHFR 677 C > T and eNOS +894 G > T and eNOS -786 T > C were calculated using the Hardy Weinberg equation.

    METHODS: The 114 healthy volunteers were recruited for this study, and their DNA was extracted. Primer pair was designed using Primer 3 Software version 0.4.0 and validated against the BLAST database. The primer specificity, functionality and annealing temperature were tested using uniplex PCR methods that were later combined into a single multiplex PCR. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was performed in three separate tubes followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR product residual was purified and sent for DNA sequencing.

    RESULTS: The allele frequencies for MTHFR 677 C > T were 0.89 (C allele) and 0.11 (T allele); for eNOS +894 G > T, the allele frequencies were 0.58 (G allele) and 0.43 (T allele); and for eNOS -786 T > C, the allele frequencies were 0.87 (T allele) and 0.13 (C allele).

    CONCLUSIONS: Our PCR-RFLP method is a simple, cost-effective and time-saving method. It can be used to successfully genotype subjects for the MTHFR 677 C > T and eNOS +894 G > T and eNOS -786 T > C variants simultaneously with 100% concordance from DNA sequencing data. This method can be routinely used for rapid investigation of the MTHFR 677 C > T and eNOS +894 G > T and eNOS -786 T > C variants.

    MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Gene Frequency; Genetics, Population; Humans; Malaysia; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length*; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods*; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/genetics*; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics*
  19. Von Lau E, Gan S, Ng HK
    J Environ Manage, 2012 Sep 30;107:124-30.
    PMID: 22595079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.029
    Experimental extraction tests are conducted to investigate feasibility of saturated palm kernel oil (PKO) and unsaturated soybean oil (SO) to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated sand. The extraction rates and efficiencies for lowly contaminated (LC) and highly contaminated (HC) sands at temperatures of 30 °C and 70 °C are evaluated using empirical first order kinetic dissolution models. In LC sand, the extraction is dominated by the diffusion of PAHs adsorbed onto particle surfaces and the direct dissolution of PAH phase. In HC sand, a rapid diffusion of PAHs adsorbed onto particle surfaces and a direct dissolution of PAH phase occur followed by a slower diffusion of PAHs entrapped within the pores and micropores. Larger diffusion resistance during HC sand extractions results in an average 10.8% reduction in extraction efficiencies compared to LC sand. Increased temperature generally increases the mass transfer rates and extraction efficiencies. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of both oils and PAHs also determine the extent of PAH extraction into oil.
    MeSH terms: Fluorenes/isolation & purification*; Phenanthrenes/isolation & purification*; Plant Oils/chemistry*; Silicon Dioxide/chemistry*; Soil Pollutants/isolation & purification*; Soybean Oil/chemistry*
  20. Foo KY, Hameed BH
    Bioresour Technol, 2012 Jul;116:522-5.
    PMID: 22595094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.123
    The feasibility of langsat empty fruit bunch waste for preparation of activated carbon (EFBLAC) by microwave-induced activation was explored. Activation with NaOH at the IR ratio of 1.25, microwave power of 600 W for 6 min produced EFBLAC with a carbon yield of 81.31% and adsorption uptake for MB of 302.48 mg/g. Pore structural analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the physical and chemical characteristics of EFBLAC. Equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm, with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 402.06 mg/g, and the adsorption kinetics was well fitted to the pseudo-second-order equation. The findings revealed the potential to prepare high quality activated carbon from langsat empty fruit bunch waste by microwave irradiation.
    MeSH terms: Adsorption/drug effects; Charcoal/chemical synthesis*; Fruit/drug effects; Fruit/chemistry*; Heating/methods*; Kinetics; Methylene Blue/isolation & purification; Microwaves*; Models, Chemical; Sodium Hydroxide/pharmacology; Surface Properties/drug effects; Temperature; Time Factors; Waste Products/analysis*; Meliaceae/drug effects; Meliaceae/chemistry*
External Links