Browse publications by year: 2013

  1. Al-Naggar RA
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(8):4577-81.
    PMID: 24083705
    BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the practice of skin cancer prevention among Malaysian road traffic police officers.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 202 Malaysian Road Police Traffic officers. Inclusion criteria were those officers who work wearing white uniform regulating traffic. The survey took place at the Police Traffic Station, Jln Tun H.S. Lee, Kuala Lumpur, the main Head Quarters of Malaysian's Traffic Department where almost 600 police traffic officers are employed. The police traffic officers are given the task to take care of the traffic from the main office of the police station, then, according to the task, the officers drive to their given location for their duty. Each task is approved by the Chief Traffic Inspector of Kuala Lumpur. Data collected in this study were analyzed using SPSS 13, with the T-test for univariate analysis and multiple linear regression for multivariate analysis.

    RESULTS: A total of 202 road traffic police officers participated. The majority were older than 30 years of age, male, Malay, married, with secondary education, with monthly income more than 2000 Ringgit Malaysia (66.3%, 91.1%, 86.6%, 84.7%, 96%, 66.3%; respectively). Regarding the practice of skin cancer prevention, 84.6% of the study participants were found to wear hats, 68.9% sunglasses and 85.6% clothing that covering most of the body but only 16.9% used a sunscreen when they were outdoors. When analysis of the factors that influenced the practice of skin cancer prevention was performed, univariate analysis revealed that gender, age and monthly income significantly influenced the practice of skin cancer prevention. For multivariate analysis, gender, monthly income and race significantly influenced the practice of using sunscreen among road traffic police officers (p<0.001, p=0.019, p=0.027; respectively).

    CONCLUSIONS: The practice of skin cancer prevention among the traffic police officers showed good practices in terms of wearinga hat, sun glasses and clothing that covers most of the body. However, the study revealed a poor practice of the use of sunscreen. The factors that influence the practice of sunscreen use were found to be gender, income, and race. The study suggests that more awareness campaign among traffic police officers is needed. Providing sunscreen for free for police traffic officers should be considered by the Police authorities.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Prognosis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms/etiology; Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control*; Sunscreening Agents/administration & dosage*; Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects*; Health Behavior*; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects*; Police*
  2. Abdullah NA, Wan Mahiyuddin WR, Muhammad NA, Ali ZM, Ibrahim L, Ibrahim Tamim NS, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(8):4591-4.
    PMID: 24083707
    Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women. Other than hospital-based results, there are no documented population-based survival rates of Malaysian women for breast cancers. This population- based retrospective cohort study was therefore conducted. Data were obtained from Health Informatics Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia, National Cancer Registry and National Registration Department for the period from 1st Jan 2000 to 31st December 2005. Cases were captured by ICD-10 and linked to death certificates to identify the status. Only complete data were analysed. Survival time was calculated from the estimated date of diagnosis to the date of death or date of loss to follow-up. Observed survival rates were estimated by Kaplan- Meier method using SPSS Statistical Software version 17. A total of 10,230 complete data sets were analysed. The mean age at diagnosis was 50.6 years old. The overall 5-year survival rate was 49% with median survival time of 68.1 months. Indian women had a higher survival rate of 54% compared to Chinese women (49%) and Malays (45%). The overall 5-year survival rate of breast cancer patient among Malaysian women was still low for the cohort of 2000 to 2005 as compared to survival rates in developed nations. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the strategies for early detection and intervention.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms/mortality*; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Young Adult
  3. Kamaludin KM, Muhammad M, Wahat NW, Ibrahim R
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(8):4795-800.
    PMID: 24083746
    The involvement of non-government organizations (NGOs) and support groups has helped strengthen public health services in addressing cancer care burden. Owing to the contribution of volunteers in cancer care, this article documents a qualitative study that examined challenges in attracting and retaining cancer care volunteers as part of the effort to develop a volunteer recruitment model. Data were collected through three focus group discussions involving 19 cancer support group members in Malaysia. Findings of the study revealed that mobility and locality appeared to be significant in Malaysian context, while the need for financial support and time flexibility are challenges faced by cancer support groups to attract and retain volunteers. The findings imply that cancer care initiatives can benefit from more local volunteers but at the same time these volunteers require flexibility and financial support to sustain their engagement.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Delivery of Health Care/economics*; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms/nursing*; Neoplasms/psychology; Quality of Health Care*; Volunteers/psychology*; Focus Groups; Qualitative Research
  4. Chen JW, Chin S, Tee KK, Yin WF, Choo YM, Chan KG
    Sensors (Basel), 2013;13(10):13192-203.
    PMID: 24084113 DOI: 10.3390/s131013192
    Bacterial cell-to-cell communication (quorum sensing) refers to the regulation of bacterial gene expression in response to changes in microbial population density. Quorum sensing bacteria produce, release and respond to chemical signal molecules called autoinducers. Bacteria use two types of autoinducers, namely autoinducer-1 (AI-1) and autoinducer-2 (AI-2) where the former are N-acylhomoserine lactones and the latter is a product of the luxS gene. Most of the reported literatures show that the majority of oral bacteria use AI-2 for quorum sensing but rarely the AI-1 system. Here we report the isolation of Pseudomonas putida strain T2-2 from the oral cavity. Using high resolution mass spectrometry, it is shown that this isolate produced N-octanoylhomoserine lactone (C8-HSL) and N-dodecanoylhomoserine lactone (C12-HSL) molecules. This is the first report of the finding of quorum sensing of P. putida strain T2-2 isolated from the human tongue surface and their quorum sensing molecules were identified.
    MeSH terms: Humans; Pheromones/metabolism*; Species Specificity; Tongue/microbiology*; 4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives*; 4-Butyrolactone/metabolism; Pseudomonas putida/classification; Pseudomonas putida/isolation & purification*; Pseudomonas putida/physiology*; Quorum Sensing/physiology*
  5. Chen JW, Koh CL, Sam CK, Yin WF, Chan KG
    Sensors (Basel), 2013;13(10):13217-27.
    PMID: 24084115 DOI: 10.3390/s131013217
    In the bacteria kingdom, quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication that relies on the production of and response to specific signaling molecules. In proteobacteria, N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are the well-studied signaling molecules. The present study aimed to characterize the production of AHL of a bacterial strain A9 isolated from a Malaysian tropical soil. Strain A9 was identified as Burkholderia sp. using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence analysis. AHL production by A9 was detected with two biosensors, namely Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Escherichia coli [pSB401]. Thin layer chromatography results showed N-hexanoylhomoserine lactone (C6-HSL) and N-octanoylhomoserine lactone (C8-HSL) production. Unequivocal identification of C6-HSL and C8-HSL was achieved by high resolution triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. We have demonstrated that Burkholderia sp. strain A9 produces AHLs that are known to be produced by other Burkholderia spp. with CepI/CepR homologs.
    MeSH terms: Soil Microbiology*; Species Specificity; 4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives*; 4-Butyrolactone/biosynthesis; 4-Butyrolactone/isolation & purification; Biosensing Techniques/methods*; Burkholderia/classification*; Burkholderia/isolation & purification; Burkholderia/metabolism*; Quorum Sensing/physiology*
  6. Ahmad H, Thambiratnam K, Zulkifli AZ, Lawrence A, Jasim AA, Kunasekaran W, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2013 Sep 30;13(10):13276-88.
    PMID: 24084118 DOI: 10.3390/s131013276
    An efficient and low cost optical method for directly measuring the concentration of homogenous biological solutes is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed system operates by Fresnel reflection, with a flat-cleaved single-mode fiber serving as the sensor probe. A laser provides a 12.9 dBm sensor signal at 1,550 nm, while a computer-controlled optical power meter measures the power of the signal returned by the probe. Three different mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lines were obtained, sub-cultured and trypsinized daily over 9 days. Counts were measured using a haemocytometer and the conditioned media (CM) was collected daily and stored at -80 °C. MSCs release excretory biomolecules proportional to their growth rate into the CM, which changes the refractive index of the latter. The sensor is capable of detecting changes in the number of stem cells via correlation to the change in the refractive index of the CM, with the measured power loss decreasing approximately 0.4 dB in the CM sample per average 1,000 cells in the MSC subculture. The proposed system is highly cost-effective, simple to deploy, operate, and maintain, is non-destructive, and allows reliable real-time measurement of various stem cell proliferation parameters.
    MeSH terms: Biopolymers/analysis*; Biopolymers/biosynthesis*; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media/analysis*; Culture Media/chemistry; Equipment Design; Flow Cytometry/instrumentation; Humans; Photometry/instrumentation*; Refractometry/instrumentation*; Sensitivity and Specificity; Reproducibility of Results; Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation; Equipment Failure Analysis; Cell Proliferation; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology*; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/physiology*
  7. Momtaz YA, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R
    Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2013 Dec;28(8):759-62.
    PMID: 24085247 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513504612
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the unique impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on sexual activity among older adults.

    METHODS: Data for the study were drawn from a national survey entitled the "Determinants of Wellness among Older Malaysians: A Health Promotion Perspective" conducted in 2010.

    RESULTS: According to the Mini-Mental State Examination education-adjusted cutoff points, 15.6% of the 1046 respondents were identified as having MCI. Older adults with MCI had a significantly lower level of sexual activity than the healthy cognitive group (chi-square = 50.20, P < .001, 32.5% vs 62.3%). The results of 3-step hierarchical logistic regression model revealed that MCI is significantly associated with decreased sexual activity in community-dwelling older adults, over and beyond demographic factors, and age-related medical conditions affecting sexual activity (odds ratio 0.33, P < .001, 95% confidence interval 0.23-0.49).

    CONCLUSION: Findings from the present study support the significant role of cognitive functioning to perform sexual activity in later life.

    MeSH terms: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data*; Sex Factors; Logistic Models; Case-Control Studies; Mild Cognitive Impairment/physiopathology*
  8. Isa A, Loke YK, Smith JR, Papageorgiou A, Hunter PR
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2013;7(9):e2401.
    PMID: 24086777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002401
    BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is endemic in Malaysia, with frequent major outbreaks in urban areas. The major control strategy relies on health promotional campaigns aimed at encouraging people to reduce mosquito breeding sites close to people's homes. However, such campaigns have not always been 100% effective. The concept of self-efficacy is an area of increasing research interest in understanding how health promotion can be most effective. This paper reports on a study of the impact of self-efficacy on dengue knowledge and dengue preventive behaviour.

    METHODS AND FINDINGS: We recruited 280 adults from 27 post-outbreak villages in the state of Terengganu, east coast of Malaysia. Measures of health promotion and educational intervention activities and types of communication during outbreak, level of dengue knowledge, level and strength of self-efficacy and dengue preventive behaviour were obtained via face-to-face interviews and questionnaires. A structural equation model was tested and fitted the data well (χ(2) = 71.659, df = 40, p = 0.002, RMSEA = 0.053, CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.963). Mass media, local contact and direct information-giving sessions significantly predicted level of knowledge of dengue. Level and strength of self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between knowledge of dengue and dengue preventive behaviours. Strength of self-efficacy acted as partial mediator in the relationship between knowledge of dengue and dengue preventive behaviours.

    CONCLUSIONS: To control and prevent dengue outbreaks by behavioural measures, health promotion and educational interventions during outbreaks should now focus on those approaches that are most likely to increase the level and strength of self-efficacy.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Behavior Therapy/methods; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dengue/epidemiology*; Dengue/prevention & control*; Disease Outbreaks*; Female; Health Education/methods; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Self Efficacy*
  9. Yusoff S, Koh CT, Mohd Aminuddin MY, Krishnasamy M, Suhaila MZ
    East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2013 Sep;23(3):91-101.
    PMID: 24088402
    The Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for Management of Dementia (second edition) was launched in April 2010 by the Ministry of Health Malaysia. A training programme for the management of dementia, involving all categories of staff working at primary and secondary centres, was implemented to ensure that care delivery for people with dementia was in accordance with the guidelines. The study aimed to look into improving knowledge and understanding of dementia following training, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the training programme using a clinical audit indicator recommended in the guidelines.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Dementia/psychology; Dementia/therapy*; Female; Health Personnel/education*; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Program Evaluation; Practice Guidelines as Topic*; Disease Management*
  10. Teh SS, Ee GC, Mah SH, Yong YK, Lim YM, Rahmani M, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:517072.
    PMID: 24089682 DOI: 10.1155/2013/517072
    The in vitro cytotoxicity tests on the extracts of Mesua beccariana, M. ferrea, and M. congestiflora against Raji, SNU-1, HeLa, LS-174T, NCI-H23, SK-MEL-28, Hep-G2, IMR-32, and K562 were achieved using MTT assay. The methanol extracts of Mesua beccariana showed its potency towards the proliferation of B-lymphoma cell (Raji). In addition, only the nonpolar to semipolar extracts (hexane to ethyl acetate) of the three Mesua species indicated cytotoxic effects on the tested panel of human cancer cell lines. Antioxidant assays were evaluated using DPPH scavenging radical assay and Folin-Ciocalteu method. The methanol extracts of M. beccariana and M. ferrea showed high antioxidant activities with low EC₅₀ values of 12.70 and 9.77  μg/mL, respectively, which are comparable to that of ascorbic acid (EC₅₀ = 5.62  μg/mL). Antibacterial tests were carried out using four Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria on Mesua beccariana extracts. All the extracts showed negative results in the inhibition of Gram negative bacteria. Nevertheless, methanol extracts showed some activities against Gram positive bacteria which are Bacillus cereus, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), while the hexane extract also contributed some activities towards Bacillus cereus.
    MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage*; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry; Antioxidants/administration & dosage*; Antioxidants/chemistry; Bacillus cereus/drug effects; Cytotoxins/administration & dosage; Cytotoxins/chemistry; Humans; Plant Extracts/administration & dosage*; Plant Extracts/chemistry; Euphorbiaceae/chemistry; Cell Proliferation/drug effects*; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects; Hep G2 Cells/drug effects
  11. Lim KS, Choo WY, Wu C, Tan CT
    Epilepsy Behav, 2013 Nov;29(2):395-9.
    PMID: 24090773 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.08.027
    INTRODUCTION: None of the quantitative scales for public attitudes toward epilepsy had been translated to Malay language. This study aimed to translate and test the validity and reliability of a Malay version of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale.
    METHOD: The translation was performed according to standard principles and tested in 140 Malay-speaking adults aged more than 18 years for psychometric validation.
    RESULTS: The items in each domain had similar standard deviations (equal item variance), ranging from 0.90 to 1.00 in the personal domain and from 0.87 to 1.23 in the general domain. The correlation between an item and its domain was 0.4 and above for all items and was higher than the correlation with the other domain. Multitrait analysis showed that the Malay PATE had a similar variance, floor and ceiling effects, and relative relationship between the domains as the original PATE. The Malay PATE scale showed a similar correlation with almost all demographic variables except age. Item means were generally clustered in the factor analysis as the hypothesized domains, except those for items 1 and 2. The Cronbach's α values were within acceptable range (0.757 and 0.716 for the general and personal domains, respectively).
    CONCLUSION: The Malay PATE scale is a validated and reliable translated version for measuring public attitudes toward epilepsy.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Cognition Disorders/etiology; Epilepsy/complications; Epilepsy/diagnosis*; Epilepsy/psychology*; Female; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Psychometrics*; Public Opinion*; Translating*; Reproducibility of Results
  12. Dasiman R, Rahman NS, Othman S, Mustafa MF, Yusoff NJ, Jusoff WH, et al.
    Med Sci Monit Basic Res, 2013 Oct 04;19:258-66.
    PMID: 24092420 DOI: 10.12659/MSMBR.884019
    BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitrification and slow freezing on actin, tubulin, and nuclei of in vivo preimplantation murine embryos at various developmental stages using a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM).

    MATERIAL/METHODS: Fifty female mice, aged 4-6 weeks, were used in this study. Animals were superovulated, cohabitated overnight, and sacrificed. Fallopian tubes were excised and flushed. Embryos at the 2-cell stage were collected and cultured to obtain 4- and 8-cell stages before being cryopreserved using vitrification and slow freezing. Fixed embryos were stained with fluorescence-labelled antibodies against actin and tubulin, as well as DAPI for staining the nucleus. Labelled embryos were scanned using CLSM and images were analyzed with Q-Win software V3.

    RESULTS: The fluorescence intensity of both vitrified and slow-frozen embryos was significantly lower for tubulin, actin, and nucleus as compared to non-cryopreserved embryos (p<0.001). Intensities of tubulin, actin, and nucleus in each stage were also decreased in vitrified and slow-frozen groups as compared to non-cryopreserved embryos.

    CONCLUSIONS: Cryopreservation of mouse embryos by slow freezing had a more detrimental effect on the actin, tubulin, and nucleus structure of the embryos compared to vitrification. Vitrification is therefore superior to slow freezing in terms of embryonic cryotolerance.

    MeSH terms: Actins/metabolism; Animals; Blastocyst/cytology*; Blastocyst/metabolism*; Cell Nucleus/metabolism; Cytoskeleton/metabolism*; Female; Fluorescence; Mice, Inbred ICR; Tubulin/metabolism; Cryopreservation*; Microscopy, Confocal; Embryonic Development*; Mice
  13. Ab Rahman WS, Abdullah WZ, Mustaffa R, Ahmed SA, Hassan MN, Husin A
    PMID: 24093001 DOI: 10.4137/CCRep.S12122
    Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a medical emergency characterized by occlusive microangiopathy due to intravascular platelet aggregation. This event results in damage to the red blood cells (RBCs) known as microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA). Schistocytes are circulating fragments of damaged RBCs that have different morphological features including keratocytes, helmet cells, and spherocytes. It is critical to report even a small number of these abnormal RBCs in the peripheral blood and to be alert for the possible diagnosis of TTP, especially in unexplained anemia and thrombocytopenia. The application of pentad criteria in the diagnosis has been reviewed, and the challenges still remained on the hematologic evidence of this disorder. In the 3 cases discussed here, the red cell morphological diagnosis gave an impact on TTP diagnosis, but overdiagnosis might be encountered in obstetrical patients due to nonspecific diagnostic criteria.
    MeSH terms: Medical Overuse; Anemia, Hemolytic; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Head Protective Devices; Humans; Platelet Aggregation; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic; Spherocytes
  14. Kim Sooi L, Lean Keng S
    PMID: 24093047 DOI: 10.1155/2013/438139
    This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study among Malay women admitted in the antenatal and postnatal ward to determine the prevalence and use of herbal medicines during pregnancy and elemental analysis in the most popular herbs. A total of 460 women were surveyed. Herbal medicine use during pregnancy was 34.3%, while 73% utilized herbal medicines during labor, because of a belief that it may shorten and ease labor. The most commonly used herbal medicines in pregnancy were Anastatica hierochuntica L. (60.1%) followed by coconut oil (35.4%). The majority of women (89.2%) used only one type of herbal medicines and took one capsule/glass (38%) per day. Herbal medicines use by pregnant women is largely unsupervised (81%), with most women getting information from their parents (60.7%) and buying the products directly from traditional midwives (32.2%) and 77% agreed upon its efficacy and safety. From the 460 respondents, 89.8% women were in the low end of the herbs knowledge. There was a significant difference found between knowledge score and income (P < 0.05). Microdiffraction analysis revealed significant presence of carbon, oxygen, silica, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, potassium, zinc, and iron that were found in Anastatica hierochuntica L. and proved to have good benefits for pregnancy.
  15. Al-Dubai SA, Ganasegeran K, Alabsi AM, Shah SA, Razali FM, Arokiasamy JT
    BMC Public Health, 2013 Oct 07;13:930.
    PMID: 24093502 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-930
    BACKGROUND: Perceived susceptibility to an illness has been shown to affect Health-risk behavior. The objective of the present study was to determine the risk taking behaviors and the demographic predictors of perceived susceptibility to colorectal cancer in a population-based sample.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 305 Malaysian adults in six major districts, selected from urban, semi-urban, and rural settings in one state in Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was used in this study. It was comprised of socio-demographics, risk-taking behaviors, and validated domains of the Health Belief Model (HBM).

    RESULTS: The mean (± SD) age of the respondents was 34.5 (± 9.6) and the majority (59.0%) of them were 30 years or older. Almost 20.7% of the respondents felt they were susceptible to colorectal cancer. Self-reported perceived susceptibility mirrored unsatisfactory screening behaviors owing to the lack of doctors' recommendation, ignorance of screening modalities, procrastination, and the perception that screening was unnecessary. Factors significantly associated with perceived susceptibility to colorectal cancer were gender (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.3), age (OR = 2. 2, 95% CI 1.2-4.0), ethnicity (OR = 0. 3, 95% CI 0.2-0.6), family history of colorectal cancer (OR = 3. 2, 95% CI 1.4-7.4) and alcohol intake (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.1-7.5).

    CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that screening behavior among respondents was unsatisfactory. Hence, awareness of the importance of screening to prevent colorectal cancers is imperative.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Community Health Services; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Susceptibility*; Female; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Patient Acceptance of Health Care*; Surveys and Questionnaires; Risk-Taking*; Rural Population; Urban Population; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control; Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  16. Mohd Fozi NF, Mazlan M, Shuid AN, Isa Naina M
    Curr Drug Targets, 2013 Dec;14(14):1659-66.
    PMID: 24093748
    Osteoporosis is a progressive disease of the skeleton characterised by bone fragility due to a reduction in bone mass and possibly to alteration in bone architecture that lead to a propensity to fracture with minimum trauma. Most osteoporotic fractures occur at locations rich in trabecular or cancellous bone and usually related to post menopausal women. Recently, silymarin received attention due to its alternative beneficial effect on bone formation. It is a mixture of flavonoids with powerful antioxidant properties. This review focuses on the use of milk thistle or silymarin for the treatment of osteoporosis that may be related to fracture bone. Silymarin shows potent antioxidant herb that may modulate multiple genes in favour of helping to build bone and prevent bone loss. In the mouse fracture healing model, silymarin supplementation improved tibial healing with elevated BMD and serum levels of ALP and osteocalcin. Silymarin also demonstrated clear estrogenic antiosteoporotic effects in bone structure. Silymarin appears to play a crucial role to prevent bone loss and might regulate osteogenesis and may be beneficial for fracture healing. If silymarin is considered for the use of post menopausal women, it may be used for the treatment of osteoporosis. It would be of great benefit to postmenopausal women to develop an oestrogen antagonist that is as potent and efficacious as oestrogen in preventing bone loss without the major side effect associated with HRT.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Humans; Osteoporosis/complications; Osteoporosis/drug therapy*; Osteoporosis/metabolism; Osteoporosis/pathology; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism; Silymarin/administration & dosage; Silymarin/therapeutic use*; Silymarin/toxicity; Bone Density/drug effects; Fracture Healing/drug effects*; Milk Thistle/chemistry*; Plant Preparations/administration & dosage; Plant Preparations/therapeutic use*; Plant Preparations/toxicity; Fractures, Bone/drug therapy*; Fractures, Bone/etiology; Fractures, Bone/metabolism; Fractures, Bone/pathology
  17. Reidpath DD, Cheah JC, Lam FC, Yasin S, Soyiri I, Allotey P
    Nutr J, 2013;12:135.
    PMID: 24093886 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-135
    BACKGROUND: Measures of central adiposity are better predictors of adverse health events than BMI. Nonetheless, BMI is more widely used in health research. One reason for this may be the limited research supporting the self-measurement of waist and hip circumference. The lack of validity studies is particularly acute in Asia. The main objective was to establish the validity of self-measurement of waist and hip circumference in a community setting and the correlation of those measures with BMI, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels.
    METHODS: A community based, cross-sectional survey. A "healthy living expo" at a shopping mall in a rural town on peninsular Malaysia One hundred and thirty six (136) individuals volunteered to participate in the study, 125 of whom met the inclusion criteria. The ethnic distribution of the participants was 80% Chinese, 17% Malay and 3% Indian. Most participants were female (60%), with participants' ages ranging from 18 to 78 years (mean, 47.2). Self and assisted measurements of waist and hip were taken. Blood pressure, non-fasting blood glucose, height, and weight were also measured. Bland Altman plots and Lin's concordance coefficient were used to measure agreement between self and assisted measures. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the association of self and assisted measures with blood pressure, blood glucose, and BMI.
    RESULTS: There was a downwards bias in self measured waist (-0.81 cm) and hip (-1 cm) circumferences compared with assisted measures. The concordance for the self and assisted measures of waist, hip and the ratio of the two were, respectively, .96, .93 , and .84. The correlation between measures of central adiposity and BMI, blood pressure and blood glucose were similar for self and assisted measures.
    CONCLUSION: The results provide additional support for the use of self-measurement of waist and hip circumference studies of central adiposity, but is limited by the specificity of the setting.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Feasibility Studies; Female; Health Promotion; Hip; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Population Surveillance/methods*; Rural Health; Self Care*; Reproducibility of Results; Biomarkers/blood; Nutrition Assessment*; Body Size*; Waist-Hip Ratio*; Adiposity*; Overweight/diagnosis*; Overweight/pathology; Waist Circumference; Young Adult
  18. Mohamad Ansor N, Abdullah N, Aminudin N
    PMID: 24093919 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-256
    Ganoderma lucidum has been purported as a potent remedy in the treatment and prevention of several ailments, including hypertension. This study aimed to explore the anti-ACE potential of protein fractions from the mycelia of G. lucidum.
    MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/isolation & purification; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology*; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fungal Proteins/metabolism; Fungal Proteins/chemistry; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism*; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/chemistry; Reishi/enzymology*; Reishi/chemistry; Mycelium/enzymology*; Mycelium/chemistry; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase
  19. Saidin S, Chevallier P, Abdul Kadir MR, Hermawan H, Mantovani D
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2013 Dec 1;33(8):4715-24.
    PMID: 24094179 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.07.026
    Hydroxyapatite (HA) coated implant is more susceptible to bacterial infection as the micro-structure surface which is beneficial for osseointegration, could also become a reservoir for bacterial colonisation. The aim of this study was to introduce the antibacterial effect of silver (Ag) to the biomineralised HA by utilising a polydopamine film as an intermediate layer for Ag and HA immobilisation. Sufficient catechol groups in polydopamine were required to bind chemically stainless steel 316 L, Ag and HA elements. Different amounts of Ag nanoparticles were metallised on the polydopamine grafted stainless steel by varying the immersion time in silver nitrate solution from 12 to 24 h. Another polydopamine layer was then formed on the metallised film, followed by surface biomineralisation in 1.5 Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution for 3 days. Several characterisation techniques including X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Contact Angle showed that Ag nanoparticles and HA agglomerations were successfully immobilised on the polydopamine film through an element reduction process. The Ag metallisation at 24 h has killed the viable bacteria with 97.88% of bactericidal ratio. The Ag was ionised up to 7 days which is crucial to prevent bacterial infection during the first stage of implant restoration. The aged functionalised films were considered stable due to less alteration of its chemical composition, surface roughness and wettability properties. The ability of the functionalised film to coat complex and micro scale metal make it suitable for dental and orthopaedic implants application.
    MeSH terms: Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry*; Escherichia coli/drug effects; Indoles/chemistry*; Polymers/chemistry*; Silver/chemistry*; Stainless Steel/chemistry; Surface Properties; Wettability; Durapatite/chemistry*; Prostheses and Implants/microbiology; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
  20. Azman NZ, Siddiqui SA, Low IM
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2013 Dec 1;33(8):4952-7.
    PMID: 24094209 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.023
    Characteristics of X-ray transmissions were investigated for epoxy composites filled with 2-10 vol% WO3 loadings using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at 10-40 keV. The results obtained were used to determine the equivalent X-ray energies for the operating X-ray tube voltages of mammography and radiology machines. The results confirmed the superior attenuation ability of nano-sized WO3-epoxy composites in the energy range of 10-25 keV when compared to their micro-sized counterparts. However, at higher synchrotron radiation energies (i.e., 30-40 keV), the X-ray transmission characteristics were similar with no apparent size effect for both nano-sized and micro-sized WO3-epoxy composites. The equivalent X-ray energies for the operating X-ray tube voltages of the mammography unit (25-49 kV) were in the range of 15-25 keV. Similarly, for a radiology unit operating at 40-60 kV, the equivalent energy range was 25-40 keV, and for operating voltages greater than 60 kV (i.e., 70-100 kV), the equivalent energy was in excess of 40 keV. The mechanical properties of epoxy composites increased initially with an increase in the filler loading but a further increase in the WO3 loading resulted in deterioration of flexural strength, modulus and hardness.
    MeSH terms: Epoxy Compounds/chemistry*; Hardness; Oxides/chemistry*; Particle Size; Radiation Protection/instrumentation*; Tungsten/chemistry*; X-Rays
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