Browse publications by year: 2013

  1. Fulltext Deep whole-genome sequencing of 100 southeast Asian Malays
    Wong LP, Ong RT, Poh WT, Liu X, Chen P, Li R, et al.
    Am J Hum Genet, 2013 Jan 10;92(1):52-66.
    PMID: 23290073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.12.005
    Whole-genome sequencing across multiple samples in a population provides an unprecedented opportunity for comprehensively characterizing the polymorphic variants in the population. Although the 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP) has offered brief insights into the value of population-level sequencing, the low coverage has compromised the ability to confidently detect rare and low-frequency variants. In addition, the composition of populations in the 1KGP is not complete, despite the fact that the study design has been extended to more than 2,500 samples from more than 20 population groups. The Malays are one of the Austronesian groups predominantly present in Southeast Asia and Oceania, and the Singapore Sequencing Malay Project (SSMP) aims to perform deep whole-genome sequencing of 100 healthy Malays. By sequencing at a minimum of 30× coverage, we have illustrated the higher sensitivity at detecting low-frequency and rare variants and the ability to investigate the presence of hotspots of functional mutations. Compared to the low-pass sequencing in the 1KGP, the deeper coverage allows more functional variants to be identified for each person. A comparison of the fidelity of genotype imputation of Malays indicated that a population-specific reference panel, such as the SSMP, outperforms a cosmopolitan panel with larger number of individuals for common SNPs. For lower-frequency (<5%) markers, a larger number of individuals might have to be whole-genome sequenced so that the accuracy currently afforded by the 1KGP can be achieved. The SSMP data are expected to be the benchmark for evaluating the value of deep population-level sequencing versus low-pass sequencing, especially in populations that are poorly represented in population-genetics studies.
    MeSH terms: Genetics, Population; Humans; Malaysia; Singapore; Genetic Variation*; Genome, Human; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Population Groups/genetics; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing*
  2. Catechin-rich oil palm leaf extract enhances bone calcium content of estrogen-deficient rats
    Bakhsh A, Mustapha NM, Mohamed S
    Nutrition, 2013 Apr;29(4):667-72.
    PMID: 23290096 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.09.005
    Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency often causes bone density loss and osteoporosis. This study evaluated the effects of an oral administration of oil palm leaf extract (OPL) on bone calcium content and structure, bone density, ash weights, and serum total alkaline phosphatase (T-ALP) of estrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
    MeSH terms: Alkaline Phosphatase/blood; Animals; Bone and Bones/metabolism; Bone and Bones/pathology; Bone and Bones/chemistry; Calcium/analysis; Calcium/metabolism; Catechin/administration & dosage; Catechin/analysis; Catechin/therapeutic use*; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Osteoblasts/metabolism; Ovariectomy/adverse effects; Plant Extracts/administration & dosage; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*; Plant Extracts/chemistry; Random Allocation; Biomarkers/blood; Bone Density; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/metabolism; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/pathology; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control*; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Plant Leaves/chemistry; Dietary Supplements*; Arecaceae/chemistry*; Phytoestrogens/administration & dosage; Phytoestrogens/therapeutic use*; Phytoestrogens/chemistry; Bone Density Conservation Agents/administration & dosage; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use*; Bone Density Conservation Agents/chemistry; Rats
  3. Breaking-off tissue specific activity of the oil palm metallothionein-like gene promoter in T(1) seedlings of tomato exposed to metal ions
    Kamaladini H, Nor Akmar Abdullah S, Aziz MA, Ismail IB, Haddadi F
    J Plant Physiol, 2013 Feb 15;170(3):346-54.
    PMID: 23290536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.10.017
    Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins that are involved in cell growth regulation, transportation of metal ions and detoxification of heavy metals. A mesocarp-specific metallothionein-like gene (MT3-A) promoter was isolated from the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). A vector construct containing the MT3-A promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in the pCAMBIA 1304 vector was produced and used in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato. Histochemical GUS assay of different tissues of transgenic tomato showed that the MT3-A promoter only drove GUS expression in the reproductive tissues and organs, including the anther, fruit and seed coat. Competitive RT-PCR and GUS fluorometric assay showed changes in the level of GUS mRNA and enzyme activity in the transgenic tomato (T(0)). No GUS mRNA was found in roots and leaves of transgenic tomato. In contrast, the leaves of transgenic tomato seedlings (T(1)) produced the highest GUS activity when treated with 150 μM Cu(2+) compared to the control (without Cu(2+)). However, Zn(2+) and Fe(2+) treatments did not show GUS expression in the leaves of the transgenic tomato seedlings. Interestingly, the results showed a breaking-off tissue-specific activity of the oil palm MT3-A promoter in T(1) seedlings of tomato when subjected to Cu(2+) ions.
    MeSH terms: Copper/metabolism*; Fruit/enzymology; Glucuronidase/metabolism; Metallothionein/metabolism*; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics*; Seeds/enzymology; Stress, Physiological; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Leaves/enzymology; Plant Roots/enzymology; Lycopersicon esculentum/enzymology; Lycopersicon esculentum/genetics*; Metals, Heavy/metabolism*; Arecaceae/enzymology; Arecaceae/genetics*; Plants, Genetically Modified/enzymology; Seedlings/enzymology*; Seedlings/genetics*
  4. Fulltext Adult smokers' reactions to pictorial health warning labels on cigarette packs in Thailand and moderating effects of type of cigarette smoked: findings from the international tobacco control southeast Asia survey
    Yong HH, Fong GT, Driezen P, Borland R, Quah AC, Sirirassamee B, et al.
    Nicotine Tob Res, 2013 Aug;15(8):1339-47.
    PMID: 23291637 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts241
    In this study, we aimed to examine, in Thailand, the impact on smokers' reported awareness of and their cognitive and behavioral reactions following the change from text-only to pictorial warnings printed on cigarette packs. We also sought to explore differences by type of cigarette smoked (roll-your-own [RYO] vs. factory-made [FM] cigarettes).
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Data Collection; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Product Labeling*; Smoking/psychology*; Thailand; Young Adult; Tobacco Products*
  5. Does recovery in the spectral characteristics of GdnHCl-denatured Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase due to added calcium point towards protein stabilization?
    Halim AA, Feroz SR, Tayyab S
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2013;77(1):87-96.
    PMID: 23291750
    Treatment of Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase (BLA) with guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) produced both denatured and aggregated forms of the enzyme as studied by circular dichroism, fluorescence, UV difference spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and enzymatic activity. The presence of CaCl(2) in the incubation mixture produced significant recovery in spectral signals, being complete in presence of 10 mM CaCl(2), as well as in enzymatic activity, which is indicative of protein stabilization. However, the SEC results obtained with GdnHCl-denatured BLA both in the absence and the presence of 10 mM CaCl(2) suggested significant aggregation of the protein in the absence of CaCl(2) and disaggregation in its presence. Although partial structural stabilization with significant retention of enzymatic activity was observed in the presence of calcium, it was far from the native state, as reflected by spectral probes. Hence, spectral results as to BLA stabilization should be treated with caution in the presence of aggregation.
    MeSH terms: alpha-Amylases/metabolism; alpha-Amylases/chemistry*; Bacillus/enzymology; Bacillus/chemistry*; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry*; Calcium Chloride/chemistry*; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; Protein Denaturation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Folding; Guanidine/chemistry*; Protein Stability
  6. Honey protein extraction and determination by mass spectrometry
    Chua LS, Lee JY, Chan GF
    Anal Bioanal Chem, 2013 Apr;405(10):3063-74.
    PMID: 23292042 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6630-2
    There are relatively limited studies on the protein of honey samples mainly because of the low amount of protein in honey (0.1-0.5 %), the difficulty in extracting honey protein from the sugar-rich environment, and the hindrance of protein characterization by conventional approaches. Several protein extraction methods such as mechanical (ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation) and chemical (precipitation) techniques have been applied to different types of honey samples. Most of these studies reported the quantity and molecular size of honey protein from gel electrophoresis, but were unable to identify and characterize the protein. This limitation might be due to the low capacity of analytical equipment in those days. Although different precipitants have also been used, not all them are compatible with mass spectrometric methods during downstream analysis. As a result, the sample preparation step is essential in order to confidently characterize the low and varied amount of honey protein. Nowadays, honey protein is getting attention from researchers because of its potential activity in pharmacological applications. Therefore, honey protein extraction and determination by mass spectrometry are critically reviewed in order to stimulate further honey protein research.
    MeSH terms: Chemical Fractionation/methods*; Honey/analysis*; Proteins/isolation & purification*; Proteins/chemistry*; Mass Spectrometry/methods*
  7. Anatomy learning styles and strategies among Jordanian and Malaysian medical students: the impact of culture on learning anatomy
    Mustafa AG, Allouh MZ, Mustafa IG, Hoja IM
    Surg Radiol Anat, 2013 Jul;35(5):435-41.
    PMID: 23292088 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-012-1067-z
    The study aims to investigate anatomy learning styles and strategies of Jordanian and Malaysian medical students at the Jordan University of Science and Technology.
    MeSH terms: Anatomy/education*; Cross-Sectional Studies; Culture; Female; Humans; Jordan; Learning; Malaysia; Male; Students, Medical
  8. Study of contaminant transport at an open-tipping waste disposal site
    Ashraf MA, Yusoff I, Yusof M, Alias Y
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2013 Jul;20(7):4689-710.
    PMID: 23292199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1423-x
    Field and laboratory studies were conducted to estimate concentration of potential contaminants from landfill in the underlying groundwater, leachate, and surface water. Samples collected in the vicinity of the landfill were analyzed for physiochemical parameters, organic contaminants, and toxic heavy metals. Water quality results obtained were compared from published data and reports. The results indicate serious groundwater and surface water contamination in and around the waste disposal site. Analysis of the organic samples revealed that the site contains polychlorinated biphenyls and other organo-chlorine chemicals, principally chloro-benzenes. Although the amount of PCB concentration discovered was not extreme, their presence indicates a potentially serious environmental threat. Elevated concentrations of lead, copper, nickel, manganese, cadmium, and cobalt at the downgradient indicate that the contamination plume migrated further from the site, and the distribution of metals and metals containing wastes in the site is nonhomogeneous. These results clearly indicate that materials are poorly contained and are at risk of entering the environment. Therefore, full characterization of the dump contents and the integrity of the site are necessary to evaluate the scope of the problem and to identify suitable remediation options.
    MeSH terms: Environmental Monitoring/methods*; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis; Refuse Disposal/methods*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*; Water Pollution/analysis; Metals, Heavy/analysis; Rivers/chemistry; Chemical Phenomena; Groundwater/analysis
  9. Fulltext Theoretical development and critical analysis of burst frequency equations for passive valves on centrifugal microfluidic platforms
    Thio TH, Soroori S, Ibrahim F, Al-Faqheri W, Soin N, Kulinsky L, et al.
    Med Biol Eng Comput, 2013 May;51(5):525-35.
    PMID: 23292292 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-012-1020-7
    This paper presents a theoretical development and critical analysis of the burst frequency equations for capillary valves on a microfluidic compact disc (CD) platform. This analysis includes background on passive capillary valves and the governing models/equations that have been developed to date. The implicit assumptions and limitations of these models are discussed. The fluid meniscus dynamics before bursting is broken up into a multi-stage model and a more accurate version of the burst frequency equation for the capillary valves is proposed. The modified equations are used to evaluate the effects of various CD design parameters such as the hydraulic diameter, the height to width aspect ratio, and the opening wedge angle of the channel on the burst pressure.
    MeSH terms: Algorithms; Centrifugation/instrumentation; Equipment Design; Miniaturization; Models, Theoretical*; Compact Disks; Microfluidics/instrumentation*; Hydrodynamics
  10. Fulltext The combination of mitragynine and morphine prevents the development of morphine tolerance in mice
    Fakurazi S, Rahman SA, Hidayat MT, Ithnin H, Moklas MA, Arulselvan P
    Molecules, 2013 Jan 04;18(1):666-81.
    PMID: 23292329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010666
    Mitragynine (MG) is the major active alkaloid found in Mitragyna speciosa Korth. In the present study, we investigated the enhancement of analgesic action of MG when combined with morphine and the effect of the combination on the development of tolerance towards morphine. Mice were administered intraperitoneally with a dose of MG (15 and 25 mg/kg b.wt) combined with morphine (5 mg/kg b.wt) respectively for 9 days. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated by a hot plate test. The protein expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element binding (CREB) was analyzed by immunoblot. Toxicological parameters especially liver and kidney function tests were assessed after the combination treatment with MG and morphine. The concurrent administration of MG and morphine showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in latency time when compared to morphine alone group and the outstanding analgesic effects in the combination regimens were maintained until day 9. For the protein expression, there was a significant increment of cAMP and CREB levels (p < 0.05) in group treated with 5 mg/kg morphine but there was no significant change of these protein expressions when MG was combined with morphine. There was a significant changes in toxicological parameters of various treated groups. The combination treatment of MG and morphine effectively reduce the tolerance due to the chronic administration of morphine.
    MeSH terms: Cyclic AMP/metabolism; Alanine Transaminase/metabolism; Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage*; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Tolerance*; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism; Kidney/drug effects; Kidney/physiology; Liver/drug effects; Liver/enzymology; Male; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine/administration & dosage*; Thalamus/drug effects; Thalamus/metabolism; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/administration & dosage*; Mice; Nociception/drug effects
  11. Fulltext Deregulation of lipid metabolism pathway genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
    Daker M, Bhuvanendran S, Ahmad M, Takada K, Khoo AS
    Mol Med Rep, 2013 Mar;7(3):731-41.
    PMID: 23292678 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1253
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique tumour of epithelial origin with a distinct geographical distribution, closely associated with the Epstein‑Barr virus (EBV). EBV‑encoded RNAs (EBERs) are small non‑polyadenylated RNAs that are abundantly expressed in latent EBV‑infected NPC cells. To study the role of EBERs in NPC, we established stable expression of EBERs in HK1, an EBV‑negative NPC cell line. Cells expressing EBERs consistently exhibited an increased growth rate. However, EBERs did not confer resistance towards cisplatin‑induced apoptosis or promote migration or invasion ability in the cells tested. Using microarray gene expression profiling, we identified potential candidate genes that were deregulated in NPC cells expressing EBERs. Gene Ontology analysis of the data set revealed that EBERs upregulate the cellular lipid metabolic process. Upregulation of low‑density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) was observed in EBER‑expressing cells. NPC cells exhibited LDL‑dependent cell proliferation. In addition, a polyphenolic flavonoid compound, quercetin, known to inhibit FASN, was found to inhibit proliferation of NPC cells.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use; Carcinoma/drug therapy; Carcinoma/metabolism; Carcinoma/pathology; Cell Movement/drug effects; Cisplatin/pharmacology; Cisplatin/therapeutic use; Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism; Humans; Mice, Nude; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology; Quercetin/pharmacology; Receptors, LDL/metabolism; RNA, Viral/metabolism; Transplantation, Heterologous; Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism; Up-Regulation/drug effects; Apoptosis/drug effects; Gene Expression Profiling; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation/drug effects; Lipid Metabolism/genetics*; Mice; Fatty Acid Synthases/metabolism
  12. Fulltext Effect of compositions in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) on skin hydration and occlusion
    Loo Ch, Basri M, Ismail R, Lau H, Tejo B, Kanthimathi M, et al.
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2013;8:13-22.
    PMID: 23293516 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S35648
    To study the effects of varying lipid concentrations, lipid and oil ratio, and the addition of propylene glycol and lecithin on the long-term physical stability of nanostructured lipid nanocarriers (NLC), skin hydration, and transepidermal water loss.
    MeSH terms: Administration, Topical; Analysis of Variance; Drug Carriers/administration & dosage*; Drug Carriers/chemistry*; Drug Stability; Female; Humans; Lipids/administration & dosage*; Lipids/chemistry*; Middle Aged; Skin/drug effects*; Skin/metabolism; Skin/chemistry*; Skin Absorption/drug effects*; Stress, Mechanical; Viscosity; Nanoparticles/chemistry
  13. Concomitant injuries and its influence on functional outcome after traumatic brain injury
    Leong BK, Mazlan M, Abd Rahim RB, Ganesan D
    Disabil Rehabil, 2013 Aug;35(18):1546-51.
    PMID: 23294408 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.748832
    This study aims to describe the presence and severity of extracranial concomitant injuries in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and to ascertain their effect on long-term functional outcome.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Arm Injuries/epidemiology; Arm Injuries/rehabilitation; Brain Injuries/epidemiology*; Brain Injuries/rehabilitation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Facial Injuries/epidemiology; Facial Injuries/rehabilitation; Female; Humans; Leg Injuries/epidemiology; Leg Injuries/rehabilitation; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Trauma/epidemiology*; Multiple Trauma/rehabilitation; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Prevalence; Abbreviated Injury Scale; Logistic Models; Treatment Outcome; Recovery of Function*; Glasgow Outcome Scale*; Young Adult
  14. Vermiremoval of heavy metal in sewage sludge by utilising Lumbricus rubellus
    Azizi AB, Lim MP, Noor ZM, Abdullah N
    Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2013 Apr;90:13-20.
    PMID: 23294636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.12.006
    Experiments were conducted to remove heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) from urban sewage sludge (SS) amended with spent mushroom compost (SMC) using worms, Lumbricus rubellus, for 105 days, after 21 days of pre-composting. Five combinations of SS/SMC treatments were prepared in triplicate along with a control for each treatment in microcosms. Analysis of the earthworms' multiplication and growth and laboratory analysis were conducted during the tenth and fifteenth week of vermicomposting. Our result showed that the final biomass of earthworms (mg) and final number of earthworms showed significant differences between treatments i.e. F=554.70, P=0.00 and F=729.10, P=0.00 respectively. The heavy metals Cr, Cd and Pb contained in vermicompost were lower than initial concentrations, with 90-98.7 percent removal on week ten. However, concentrations of Cu and Zn, that are considered as micronutrients, were higher than initial concentrations, but they were 10-200-fold lower than the EU and USA biosolid compost limits and Malaysian Recommended Site Screening Levels for Contaminated Land (SSLs). An increment of heavy metals were recorded in vermicompost for all treatments on week fifteen compared to week ten, while concentration of heavy metals in earthworms' tissue were lower compared to vermicompost. Hence, it is suggested that earthworms begin to discharge heavy metals into their surroundings and it was evident that the earthworms' heavy metals excretion period was within the interval of ten to fifteen weeks.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Oligochaeta/metabolism; Oligochaeta/physiology*; Sewage/chemistry*; Soil; Soil Pollutants/analysis; Soil Pollutants/metabolism*; Time Factors; Biomass; Metals, Heavy/analysis; Metals, Heavy/metabolism*
  15. Fulltext Epidemiology of smoking among Malaysian adult males: prevalence and associated factors
    Lim HK, Ghazali SM, Kee CC, Lim KK, Chan YY, Teh HC, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2013 Jan 07;13:8.
    PMID: 23294728 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-8
    BACKGROUND: Three National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMSs) had been conducted in Malaysia in 10-year intervals from 1986-2006. Based on the latest NHMS survey in 2006, we describe the prevalence of smoking and identify the social and demographic factors associated with smoking among adult males in Malaysia.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study among 15,639 Malaysian adult males aged 18 years and above was conducted using proportional to size stratified sampling method. The socio-demographic variables examined were level of education, occupation, marital status, residential area, age group and monthly household income.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking among adult males in Malaysia was 46.5% (95% CI: 45.5-47.4%), which was 3% lower than a decade ago. Mean age of smoking initiation was 18.3 years, and mean number of cigarettes smoked daily was 11.3. Prevalence of smoking was highest among the Malays (55.9%) and those aged 21-30 years (59.3%). Smoking was significantly associated with level of education (no education OR 2.09 95% CI (1.67-2.60), primary school OR 1.95, 95% CI (1.65-2.30), secondary school OR 1.88, 95% CI (1.63-2.11), with tertiary education as the reference group). Marital status (divorce OR 1.67, 95% CI (1.22-2.28), with married as the reference group), ethnicity (Malay, OR 2.29, 95% CI ( 1.98-2.66; Chinese OR 1.23 95% CI (1.05-1.91), Other Bumis OR 1.75, 95% CI (1.46-2.10, others OR 1.48 95% CI (1.15-1.91), with Indian as the reference group), age group (18-20 years OR 2.36, 95% CI (1.90-2.94); 20-29 years OR 3.31 , 95% CI 2.82-3.89; 31-40 years OR 2.85 , 95% CI ( 2.47-3.28); 41-50 years OR 1.93, 95% CI (1.69-2.20) ; 51-60 years OR 1.32, 95% CI (1.15-1.51), with 60 year-old and above as the reference group) and residential area (rural OR 1.12 , 95% CI ( 1.03-1.22)) urban as reference.

    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of smoking among Malaysian males remained high in spite of several population interventions over the past decade. Tobacco will likely remain a primary cause of premature mortality and morbidity in Malaysia. Continuous and more comprehensive anti-smoking policy measures are needed in order to further prevent the increasing prevalence of smoking among Malaysian men, particularly those who are younger, of Malay ethnicity, less educated, reside in rural residential area and with lower socio-economic status.

    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Surveys; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data; Smoking/epidemiology*; Socioeconomic Factors; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data; Prevalence; Age Distribution; Qualitative Research; Young Adult
  16. Fulltext Limitations of microscopy to differentiate Plasmodium species in a region co-endemic for Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi
    Barber BE, William T, Grigg MJ, Yeo TW, Anstey NM
    Malar J, 2013;12:8.
    PMID: 23294844 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-8
    In areas co-endemic for multiple Plasmodium species, correct diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment and surveillance. Species misidentification by microscopy has been reported in areas co-endemic for vivax and falciparum malaria, and may be more frequent in regions where Plasmodium knowlesi also commonly occurs.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors/statistics & numerical data; Female; Humans; Malaria/diagnosis*; Malaria/epidemiology; Malaria/parasitology*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Microscopy/methods*; Middle Aged; Parasitology/methods; Plasmodium falciparum/cytology*; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics; Plasmodium vivax/cytology*; Plasmodium vivax/genetics; Prospective Studies; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Plasmodium knowlesi/cytology*; Plasmodium knowlesi/genetics; Endemic Diseases; Young Adult
  17. Stroke incidence in the South West District of the Penang Island, Malaysia: PEARLs: Penang Acute Stroke Research Longitudinal Study
    Neelamegam M, Looi I, Cheah WK, Narayanan P, Hamid AM, Ong LM
    Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S77-9.
    PMID: 23295169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.022
    This community based incidence study aims to report the stroke incidence in the south-west region of the Penang Island.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Longitudinal Studies; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Incidence; Stroke/epidemiology*; Young Adult
  18. Determinants of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Malaysian HIV-infected patients
    Ismail I, Bulgiba A
    Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S27-30.
    PMID: 23295172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.023
    To determine predictors of unsuccessful treatment in HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases/complications; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Serum Albumin/analysis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications*; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy; HIV Infections/complications*; HIV Infections/microbiology; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications; Logistic Models; Treatment Failure; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use
  19. Risk factors of leptospirosis among febrile hospital admissions in northeastern Malaysia
    Rafizah AA, Aziah BD, Azwany YN, Imran MK, Rusli AM, Nazri SM, et al.
    Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S11-3.
    PMID: 23295174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.017
    Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease. Risk factors for the disease may vary among countries.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Age Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fever/etiology*; Fever/microbiology; Fever/epidemiology; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data; Humans; Leptospirosis/diagnosis; Leptospirosis/etiology*; Leptospirosis/epidemiology; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Recreation; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Logistic Models; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data
  20. Case study: beverage temperature at aid stations in ironman triathlon
    Burdon CA, Johnson NA, Chapman PG, Munir Che Muhamed A, O'Connor HT
    Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2013 Aug;23(4):418-24.
    PMID: 23295183
    The aim of this study was to measure the effect of environmental conditions and aid-station beverage- cooling practices on the temperature of competitor beverages.
    MeSH terms: Australia; Beverages/analysis*; Bicycling/physiology*; Body Temperature/drug effects*; Environment; Humans; Malaysia; Running/physiology*; Sunlight; Swimming/physiology*; Temperature*
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