Browse publications by year: 2013

  1. Lee WC, Khoo BE, Bin Abdullah AF, Abdul Aziz ZB
    J Forensic Sci, 2013 May;58(3):658-63.
    PMID: 23488634 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12103
    Bloodstain photography is important in forensic applications, especially for bloodstain pattern analysis. This study compares the enhancement effect of bloodstain photography using three different types of light source: fluorescent white light, near-ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) light, and 410 nm LED light. Randomized complete block designs were implemented to identify the lighting that would statistically produce the best enhancement results for bloodstains on different types of surfaces. Bloodstain samples were prepared on white cotton, brown carpet, tar road, and wood. These samples were photographed in darkroom conditions using a Canon EOS 50D digital SLR camera, with Canon EFS 60 mm f/2.8 Macro USM lens. Two-way analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference test were used to analyze the contrast of the images. The statistical analysis showed that 410 nm light is the best among the tested lights for enhancing bloodstains on the tested surfaces, where the contrast of bloodstain to background was the highest.
    MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance; Blood Stains*; Forensic Medicine/methods*; Humans; Light*; Photography*
  2. Loh HC, Tang PY, Tee SF, Chow TJ, Choong CY, Lim SY, et al.
    Psychiatry Res, 2013 Jul 30;208(2):186-8.
    PMID: 23489597 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.01.022
    Neuregulin-1 is widely investigated due to its hypothesised association with schizophrenia. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs764059, rs2954041 and rs3924999 were investigated (417 patients with schizophrenia and 429 controls). We failed to demonstrate a significant association between rs2954041 and rs3924999 with schizophrenia in the three ethnic groups studied (Malay, Chinese, and Indian), while rs764059 was found to be monomorphic.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Schizophrenia/genetics*; Case-Control Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics*; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Neuregulin-1/genetics*; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  3. Ali HR, Arifin MM, Sheikh MA, Mohamed Shazili NA, Bachok Z
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2013 May 15;70(1-2):253-7.
    PMID: 23490347 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.02.024
    Emerging booster biocides contamination raises particular attention in the marine ecosystem health. This study provides the baseline data on the occurrence of Irgarol-1051 (2-methylthio-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamiono-s-triazine) in the selected coastal water around Malaysia. The maximum detected concentration of Irgarol was 2021 ng/L at Klang West, commercial and cargo port. Coral reef Islands (Redang and Bidong) were relatively less contaminated compared to other coastal areas. The temporal variation revealed that only 1% of 28 stations sampled on November, 2011 was above the environmental risk limit of 24 ng/L as suggested by Dutch Authorities, while in January and April, 2012; 46% and 92% of the stations were above the limit respectively. The present findings demonstrate the wide detection of novel antifouling materials Irgarol-1051 which advocates the need for proper monitoring and conservation strategies for the coastal resources.
    MeSH terms: Disinfectants/analysis*; Environmental Monitoring; Malaysia; Seawater/chemistry*; Triazines/analysis*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*; Water Pollution, Chemical/statistics & numerical data
  4. Shaharir SS, Tumian NR, Yu Lin AB, Abdul Wahid SF
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2013 Mar;7(3):286-8.
    PMID: 23493009 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.2691
    Tuberculosis is notoriously known to be a great mimicker of other diseases and may cause various haematologic abnormalities, especially with marrow involvement. A 61-year-old man who presented with right empyema and pancytopenia was diagnosed to have disseminated tuberculosis supported by the presence of caseating granuloma with Langhan's giant cells in the marrow and demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in the pleural fluid. Trilineage dysplasia from marrow aspirate was initially attributed to be reactive to the infection. A cytogenetic study was repeated after he showed poor response to a year of anti-tuberculosis treatment. The underlying primary myelodysplastic syndrome was unmasked when his cytogenetics showed trisomy 8. This case report has demonstrated the various haematological manifestations of tuberculosis and highlighted the importance of cytogenetic study in differentiating between primary and secondary myelodysplastic marrow changes.
    MeSH terms: Bone Marrow/pathology; Diagnosis, Differential; Empyema/diagnosis*; Empyema/etiology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis*; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology*; Trisomy/diagnosis*; Tuberculosis/diagnosis*; Tuberculosis/pathology*; Cytogenetic Analysis
  5. Raof SF, Mohamad S, Abas MR
    Int J Mol Sci, 2013 Mar 14;14(3):5952-65.
    PMID: 23493059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035952
    A molecularly imprinted silica gel sorbent for selective removal of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HA) was prepared by a surface imprinting technique with a sol-gel process. The 2-HA molecularly imprinted silica gel (2-HA-MISG) sorbent was evaluated by various parameters, including the influence of pH, static, kinetic adsorption and selectivity experiments. The optimum adsorption capacity to the 2-HA appeared to be around pH 2 by the polymer. Morevoer, the imprinted sorbent displayed fast uptake kinetics, obtained within 20 min. The adsorption capacity of the 2-HA-MISG (76.2 mg g-1) was higher than that of the non-imprinted silica gel (NISG) (42.58 mg g-1). This indicates that the 2-HA-MISG offers a higher affinity for 2-HA than the NISG. The polymer displays good selectivity and exhibits good reusability. Experimental results show the potential of molecularly imprinted silica sorbent for selective removal of 2-HA.
  6. Ahmad Z, Zafar Q, Sulaiman K, Akram R, Karimov KS
    Sensors (Basel), 2013;13(3):3615-24.
    PMID: 23493124 DOI: 10.3390/s130303615
    In this paper, we present the effect of varying humidity levels on the electrical parameters and the multi frequency response of the electrical parameters of an organic-inorganic composite (PEPC+NiPc+Cu2O)-based humidity sensor. Silver thin films (thickness ~200 nm) were primarily deposited on plasma cleaned glass substrates by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique. A pair of rectangular silver electrodes was formed by patterning silver film through standard optical lithography technique. An active layer of organic-inorganic composite for humidity sensing was later spun coated to cover the separation between the silver electrodes. The electrical characterization of the sensor was performed as a function of relative humidity levels and frequency of the AC input signal. The sensor showed reversible changes in its capacitance with variations in humidity level. The maximum sensitivity ~31.6 pF/%RH at 100 Hz in capacitive mode of operation has been attained. The aim of this study was to increase the sensitivity of the previously reported humidity sensors using PEPC and NiPc, which has been successfully achieved.
    MeSH terms: Copper/chemistry; Electrodes; Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation*; Environmental Monitoring/methods; Humans; Humidity*; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Organometallic Compounds/chemistry; Silver/chemistry*
  7. You KY, Mun HK, You LL, Salleh J, Abbas Z
    Sensors (Basel), 2013;13(3):3652-63.
    PMID: 23493127 DOI: 10.3390/s130303652
    A moisture detection of single rice grains using a slim and small open-ended coaxial probe is presented. The coaxial probe is suitable for the nondestructive measurement of moisture values in the rice grains ranging from from 9.5% to 26%. Empirical polynomial models are developed to predict the gravimetric moisture content of rice based on measured reflection coefficients using a vector network analyzer. The relationship between the reflection coefficient and relative permittivity were also created using a regression method and expressed in a polynomial model, whose model coefficients were obtained by fitting the data from Finite Element-based simulation. Besides, the designed single rice grain sample holder and experimental set-up were shown. The measurement of single rice grains in this study is more precise compared to the measurement in conventional bulk rice grains, as the random air gap present in the bulk rice grains is excluded.
    MeSH terms: Edible Grain/physiology; Humidity*; Models, Theoretical; Oryza/physiology; Water/chemistry*; Biosensing Techniques*
  8. Badrasawi MM, Shahar S, Abd Manaf Z, Haron H
    Clin Interv Aging, 2013;8:279-85.
    PMID: 23493965 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S37586
    Talbinah is a barley syrup cooked with milk and sweetened by honey. In his famous Hadith on Talbinah, the Prophet Mohammad (SAW) recommended it when sad events happen for its effect on soothing hearts and relieving sadness. This 3-week crossover designed, randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of Talbinah on mood and depression among institutionalized elderly people in Seremban. A sample of 30 depressed elderly subjects (21 men and 9 women) was selected from the long term care facility. Three different interview-based validated scales (Geriatric Depression Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and Profile of Mood States) were used to determine mood, depression, stress, and anxiety at week 0, 3, 4, and 7. The nutritional value of Talbinah was examined using proximate food analysis, minerals content analysis, and differential amino acid analysis. The results indicated that Talbinah is a high carbohydrate food (86.4%) and has a high tryptophan: branch chain amino acids ratio (1:2). A Wilcoxon nonparametric test showed that there was a statistically significant decrease on depression, stress, and mood disturbances scores among the intervention group (P < 0.05) for all parameters. In conclusion, Talbinah has the potential to reduce depression and enhance mood among the subjects. Ingestion of functional foods such as Talbinah may provide a mental health benefit to elderly people.
    Device, Questionnaire & Scale: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-12R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21); Profile of Mood States (POMS-65)
    MeSH terms: Affect/drug effects; Aged; Animals; Hordeum; Depression/drug therapy*; Diet/methods*; Female; Homes for the Aged*; Honey; Humans; Long-Term Care*; Male; Medicine, East Asian Traditional/methods*; Milk; Nursing Homes*; Geriatric Assessment; Cross-Over Studies
  9. Om AD, Jasmani S, Ismail N, Yeong SY, Abol-Munafi AB
    Fish Physiol Biochem, 2013 Oct;39(5):1277-86.
    PMID: 23494207 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9782-x
    A new proteomics technology has been implemented to study the protein repertoires of developing oocytes of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Knowledge of the chemical composition and physiochemical properties of vitellogenin (Vtg) is necessary to interpret the functional and biological properties attributed during ovulation. Vtg, as a biomarker indicator in sex determination, has been analyzed to determine the sex and maturational status of fish in the absence of the gonad tissue. A male giant grouper was induced by 2 mg/kg of 17ß-estradiol (E2), and blood was sampled at days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10. SDS-PAGE 1D electrophoresis was used to analyze Vtg protein, and Vtg identification was done with 4800 Plus MALDI TOF/TOF™ mass spectrophotometer (Applied Biosystems/MDS SCIEX, USA). Meanwhile, MS/MS de novo sequencing identified the proteins by matching sequences of tryptic peptides to the known sequences of other species. Vtg was confirmed by MASCOT at 95% significant level, and molecular mass was 187 kDa. Protein resolved on SDS-PAGE as a double band of approximately the same mass as determined with MALDI-TOF. The N-terminal sequences and identification of Vtg were also determined. The potential of using MS methods to understand the structure and function of Vtg is discussed.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/veterinary; Estradiol/pharmacology; Male; Oocytes/metabolism*; Perciformes/metabolism*; Sex Determination Analysis/methods; Sex Determination Analysis/veterinary*; Vitellogenins/analysis*; Vitellogenins/biosynthesis; Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/veterinary*; Proteomics/methods*; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/veterinary
  10. Freeth M, Sheppard E, Ramachandran R, Milne E
    J Autism Dev Disord, 2013 Nov;43(11):2569-83.
    PMID: 23494561 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1808-9
    The disorder of autism is widely recognised throughout the world. However, the diagnostic criteria and theories of autism are based on research predominantly conducted in Western cultures. Here we compare the expression of autistic traits in a sample of neurotypical individuals from one Western culture (UK) and two Eastern cultures (India and Malaysia), using the Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) in order to identify possible cultural differences in the expression of autistic traits. Behaviours associated with autistic traits were reported to a greater extent in the Eastern cultures than the Western culture. Males scored higher than females and science students scored higher than non-science students in each culture. Indian students scored higher than both other groups on the Imagination sub-scale, Malaysian students scored higher than both other groups on the Attention Switching sub-scale. The underlying factor structures of the AQ for each population were derived and discussed.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Attention*; Autistic Disorder/diagnosis*; Cross-Cultural Comparison*; Female; Great Britain; Humans; India; Malaysia; Male; Personality; Phenotype; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sex Factors; Students; Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Young Adult
  11. Abdul Karim R, Zakaria NF, Zulkifley MA, Mustafa MM, Sagap I, Md Latar NH
    Biomed Eng Online, 2013;12:21.
    PMID: 23496940 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925X-12-21
    Telepointer is a powerful tool in the telemedicine system that enhances the effectiveness of long-distance communication. Telepointer has been tested in telemedicine, and has potential to a big influence in improving quality of health care, especially in the rural area. A telepointer system works by sending additional information in the form of gesture that can convey more accurate instruction or information. It leads to more effective communication, precise diagnosis, and better decision by means of discussion and consultation between the expert and the junior clinicians. However, there is no review paper yet on the state of the art of the telepointer in telemedicine. This paper is intended to give the readers an overview of recent advancement of telepointer technology as a support tool in telemedicine. There are four most popular modes of telepointer system, namely cursor, hand, laser and sketching pointer. The result shows that telepointer technology has a huge potential for wider acceptance in real life applications, there are needs for more improvement in the real time positioning accuracy. More results from actual test (real patient) need to be reported. We believe that by addressing these two issues, telepointer technology will be embraced widely by researchers and practitioners.
    MeSH terms: Communication; Computers; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Motivation/physiology; Software; Telemedicine/instrumentation*; Telemedicine/methods*; Remote Consultation/instrumentation; Remote Consultation/methods; Internet; Biomedical Technology/methods
  12. Lee WC, Chin PW, Lau YL, Chin LC, Fong MY, Yap CJ, et al.
    Malar J, 2013;12:88.
    PMID: 23496970 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-88
    Plasmodium knowlesi is a potentially life-threatening zoonotic malaria parasite due to its relatively short erythrocytic cycle. Microscopic identification of P. knowlesi is difficult, with "compacted parasite cytoplasm" being one of the important identifying keys. This report is about a case of hyperparasitaemic human P. knowlesi infection (27% parasitaemia) with atypical amoeboid morphology. A peninsular Malaysian was admitted to the hospital with malaria. He suffered anaemia and acute kidney function impairment. Microscopic examination, assisted by nested PCR and sequencing confirmed as P. knowlesi infection. With anti-malarial treatment and several medical interventions, patient survived and recovered. One-month medical follow-up was performed after recovery and no recrudescence was noted. This case report highlights the extreme hyperparasitaemic setting, the atypical morphology of P. knowlesi in the patient's erythrocytes, as well as the medical interventions involved in this successfully treated case.
    MeSH terms: Antimalarials/administration & dosage; Humans; Malaria/diagnosis*; Malaria/drug therapy; Malaria/parasitology*; Malaysia; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Plasmodium knowlesi/cytology*; Plasmodium knowlesi/genetics; Plasmodium knowlesi/isolation & purification*; Treatment Outcome; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Parasitemia/diagnosis*; Parasitemia/drug therapy; Parasitemia/parasitology*
  13. Salama SM, Abdulla MA, AlRashdi AS, Ismail S, Alkiyumi SS, Golbabapour S
    PMID: 23496995 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-56
    Hepatology research has focused on developing traditional therapies as pharmacological medicines to treat liver cirrhosis. Thus, this study evaluated mechanisms of the hepatoprotective activity of Curcuma longa rhizome ethanolic extract (CLRE) on thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use*; Antioxidants/pharmacology; Antioxidants/therapeutic use*; Disease Models, Animal; Liver/drug effects*; Liver/metabolism; Liver/pathology; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/metabolism; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/prevention & control*; Malondialdehyde/metabolism; Phytotherapy*; Plant Extracts/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use; Thioacetamide; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Apoptosis/drug effects; Oxidative Stress/drug effects; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/metabolism; Hepatocytes/drug effects; Rhizome; Curcuma*; Cell Proliferation/drug effects; Rats; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism; Drug-Induced Liver Injury/metabolism; Drug-Induced Liver Injury/pathology; Drug-Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control*
  14. Shu MH, Appleton D, Zandi K, AbuBakar S
    PMID: 23497105 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-61
    Gracilaria changii (Xia et Abbott) Abbott, Zhang et Xia, a red algae commonly found in the coastal areas of Malaysia is traditionally used for foods and for the treatment of various ailments including inflammation and gastric ailments. The aim of the study was to investigate anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic activities of a mass spectrometry standardized methanolic extract of Gracilaria changii.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/analysis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use*; Anti-Ulcer Agents/analysis; Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use*; Betamethasone/pharmacology; Chlorophyll/analysis; Chlorophyll/pharmacology; Chlorophyll/therapeutic use; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gastric Juice/metabolism; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inflammation/genetics; Inflammation/metabolism; Inflammation/prevention & control*; Phytotherapy*; Mucus/metabolism; Omeprazole/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use; Plant Extracts/chemistry; Stomach/drug effects*; Stomach/metabolism; Stomach/pathology; Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced; Stomach Ulcer/metabolism; Stomach Ulcer/pathology; Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control*; Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism; Interleukin-6/genetics; Interleukin-6/metabolism; Gene Expression/drug effects; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Gracilaria/chemistry*; Cell Line, Tumor; Rats
  15. Kruger MC, Todd JM, Schollum LM, Kuhn-Sherlock B, McLean DW, Wylie K
    BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2013 Mar 05;14:81.
    PMID: 23497143 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-81
    BACKGROUND: Bone density measurements by DXA are not feasible for large population studies, whereas portable ultrasound heel scanners can provide a practical way of assessing bone health status. The purpose of this study was to assess bone health in seven Asian countries using heel ultrasound.

    METHODS: Stiffness index (SI) was measured and T-scores generated against an Asian database were recorded for 598,757 women and 173,326 men aged over 21 years old using Lunar Achilles (GE Healthcare) heel scanners. The scanners were made available in public centres in Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines.

    RESULTS: The mean SI was higher for men than women. In women SI as well as T-scores declined slowly until approximately 45 years of age, then declined rapidly to reach a mean T-score of 80 years.

    CONCLUSIONS: The heel scan data shows a high degree of poor bone health in both men and women in Asian countries, raising concern about the possible increase in fractures with ageing and the expected burden on the public health system.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Asia; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening/methods*; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Regression Analysis; Sex Factors; Ultrasonography; Bone Density*; Age Distribution; Sex Distribution; Young Adult
  16. Ng EP, Goh JY, Ling TC, Mukti RR
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2013;8(1):120.
    PMID: 23497184 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-120
    Nanoporous materials such as Mobil composite material number 41 (MCM-41) are attractive for applications such as catalysis, adsorption, supports, and carriers. Green synthesis of MCM-41 is particularly appealing because the chemical reagents are useful and valuable. We report on the eco-friendly synthesis of MCM-41 nanoporous materials via multi-cycle approach by re-using the non-reacted reagents in supernatant as mother liquor after separating the solid product. This approach was achieved via minimal requirement of chemical compensation where additional fresh reactants were added into the mother liquor followed by pH adjustment after each cycle of synthesis. The solid product of each successive batch was collected and characterized while the non-reacted reagents in supernatant can be recovered and re-used to produce subsequent cycle of MCM-41. The multi-cycle synthesis is demonstrated up to three times in this research. This approach suggests a low cost and eco-friendly synthesis of nanoporous material since less waste is discarded after the product has been collected, and in addition, product yield can be maintained at the high level.
    MeSH terms: Adsorption; Catalysis; Defense Mechanisms; Female; Indicators and Reagents; Mothers; Research; Silicon Dioxide; Nanopores
  17. Safari A, Shariff ZM, Kandiah M, Rashidkhani B, Fereidooni F
    BMC Public Health, 2013;13:222.
    PMID: 23497250 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-222
    Colorectal cancer is the third and fourth leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality among men and women, respectively in Iran. However, the role of dietary factors that could contribute to this high cancer incidence remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine major dietary patterns and its relationship with colorectal cancer.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Diet/psychology*; Diet/statistics & numerical data; Diet Surveys; Female; Food Habits*; Humans; Iran/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Case-Control Studies
  18. Shamsuddin S, Ibrahim AB, Yahya AK
    Ultrasonics, 2013 Aug;53(6):1084-8.
    PMID: 23497912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.02.002
    Rare-earth cobaltates Dy0.5-xErxBa0.5CoO3 (x=0, 0.03 and 0.05) have been systematically investigated to elucidate the effect of Er substitution on elastic as well as magnetic and transport properties. DC electrical resistance and AC susceptibility measurements showed that the x=0 sample exhibited an insulating behavior and an anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) transition, TN at 198 K as well as ferromagnetic (FM) transition, TC at 260 K. Increasing of Er content suppressed the FM and AFM state suggestively due to the increase in size disorder arising from the size mismatch between A-site cations as shown from our calculation of variance σ(2). On the other hand, both absolute longitudinal and shear velocities and related elastic moduli measured at 210 K decreased with Er content in conjunction with the declining in the FM domain indicating a weakening in elastic properties. A longitudinal velocity anomaly characterized by a drop in velocity upon cooling before hardening with further cooling was observed for all samples. This abnormal elastic anomaly can be attributed due to the Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion of intermediate-spin Co(3+) ions. Analysis of the elastic anomaly using the mean-field theory suggested that it is related to the JT effect which transformed from dynamic to static type with decreasing temperature. The elastic anomaly shifted to lower temperature from 129 K (x=0) to 124 K (x=0.05) with Er substitution indicating a weakening of the static JT effect.
  19. Abu Amr SS, Aziz HA, Adlan MN
    Waste Manag, 2013 Jun;33(6):1434-41.
    PMID: 23498721 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.01.039
    The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of employing persulfate reagent in the advanced oxidation of ozone to treat stabilized landfill leachate in an ozone reactor. A central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the relationships between operating variables, such as ozone and persulfate dosages, pH, and reaction time, to identify the optimum operating conditions. Quadratic models for the following four responses proved to be significant with very low probabilities (<0.0001): COD, color, NH3-N, and ozone consumption (OC). The obtained optimum conditions included a reaction time of 210 min, 30 g/m(3) ozone, 1g/1g COD0/S2O8(2-) ratio, and pH 10. The experimental results were corresponded well with predicted models (COD, color, and NH3-N removal rates of 72%, 96%, and 76%, respectively, and 0.60 (kg O3/kg COD OC). The results obtained in the stabilized leachate treatment were compared with those from other treatment processes, such as ozone only and persulfate S2O8(2-) only, to evaluate its effectiveness. The combined method (i.e., O3/S2O8(2-)) achieved higher removal efficiencies for COD, color, and NH3-N compared with other studied applications. Furthermore, the new method is more efficient than ozone/Fenton in advanced oxidation process in the treatment of the same studied leachate.
    MeSH terms: Ammonia/chemistry; Analysis of Variance; Color; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Theoretical; Nitrogen/chemistry; Oxidation-Reduction; Ozone; Sulfates/chemistry; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry*; Water Purification/methods*; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  20. Mohamad Haafiz MK, Eichhorn SJ, Hassan A, Jawaid M
    Carbohydr Polym, 2013 Apr 2;93(2):628-34.
    PMID: 23499105 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.035
    In this work, we successfully isolated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber-total chlorine free (TCF) pulp using acid hydrolysis method. TCF pulp bleaching carried out using an oxygen-ozone-hydrogen peroxide bleaching sequence. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicates that acid hydrolysis does not affect the chemical structure of the cellulosic fragments. The morphology of the hydrolyzed MCC was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing a compact structure and a rough surface. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) image of the surface indicates the presence of spherical features. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the MCC produced is a cellulose-I polymorph, with 87% crystallinity. The MCC obtained from OPEFB-pulp is shown to have a good thermal stability. The potential for a range of applications such as green nano biocomposites reinforced with this form of MCC and pharmaceutical tableting material is discussed.
    MeSH terms: Cellulose/isolation & purification*; Cellulose/ultrastructure; Cellulose/chemistry*; Fruit/chemistry; Hydrolysis; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Plant Oils/chemistry*; Sulfuric Acids/chemistry; Surface Properties; Temperature; Thermogravimetry; X-Ray Diffraction; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Araceae/chemistry*
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