Browse publications by year: 2016

Paired observation on light-cured composite resin and nano-composite resin in dental caries repair

Xiaoling T, Ashraf MA, Yanyan Z

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Nov;29(6 Spec):2169-2172.
PMID: 28412675

To compare the value of light-cured composite resin with that of nano-composite resin in dental caries repair. 88 patients taking dental caries repair in our hospital from May 2014 to April 2015 were selected, and divided into observation group and control group by coin method with 44 patients in each group. Nano-composite resin was used in observation group, while light-cured composite resin in control group. Then, the occurrence rates of odontohyperesthesia, aesthetic satisfaction with dental caries repair and complications were compared between two groups by visual analogue scale (VAS). The occurrence rate of odontohyperesthesia in observation group is significantly lower than that in control group (9.09% (4/44) vs 31.82% (14/44), 6.82% (3/44) vs 22.73% (10/44), 2.27% (1/44) vs 13.64% (6/44)) with difference of statistical significance (P<0.05) 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after repair. VAS score of patients in observation is significantly lower than that in control group ((2.78±0.56) scores vs (5.22±0.76) scores, (2.02±0.35) scores vs (4.32±0.57) scores, (1.12±0.14) scores vs (2.41±0.43) scores) 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after repair. Moreover, the difference in comparison of interactive effects between two groups, between different time points, and between groups at different time points has statistical significance (P<0.05). Nano-composite resin can lower the occurrence rate of odontohyperesthesia in dental caries repair, reduce the pain of patients, and improve the satisfaction of patients with tooth appearance.
Research on in vitro release of Isoniazid (INH) super paramagnetic microspheres in different magnetic fields

Xie H, Huang H, He W, Fu Z, Luo C, Ashraf MA

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Nov;29(6 Spec):2207-2212.
PMID: 28412681

To explore in vitro release rules of isoniazid (INH) when Isoniazid Super paramagnetic Iron Oxide Microspheres (ISPIOM) are subject to no external magnetic field, applied mechanical magnetic field and scillating magnetic field. ISPIOM was prepared by using the spray drying method; Isoniazid contented in the microspheres was determined, the drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency were calculated. Release of isoniazid in the microspheres was determined respectively under the effect of no external magnetic field, applied mechanical magnetic field and oscillating magnetic field, to explore the release rules. In solution with pH=7.4 PBS, microspheres featured 8-hour sustained release under the effect of magnetic field, the released rate of the microspheres is accelerated,. In solution with pH=3 PBS, microspheres release faster and could realize the fastest completion of release in 2 hours under the effect of oscillating magnetic field. To join the external magnetic field in different point time to can't affect the release, under pH=3 of medium, ISPIOM release faster; under the effect of magnetic field, the released rate of the microspheres is accelerated, and the longer effect of magnetic field, the faster release. Oscillating magnetic field can make ISPIOM within a certain period of time, get ideal release curve, so as to achieve good control release effect.
Fulltext Glottic cancer in a non-smoking patient with laryngopharyngeal reflux

Zainuddin N, Mohd Kornain NK

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(2-3):35-37.
PMID: 28461858 MyJurnal

The onset of carcinoma of the larynx, especially of the glottis, is heralded mainly by a change of voice. It has a male preponderance and is almost exclusively common to smokers and patients with heavy alcohol consumption. We report a case of glottic carcinoma in a non-smoker female patient. The only possible risk factor for her is a history of laryngopharyngeal reflux.

MeSH terms: Alcohol Drinking; Female; Glottis; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Larynx; Male; Risk Factors; Voice; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Fulltext CongenCongenital cholesteatoma: Different clinical presentation in two casesital cholesteatoma: Different clinical presentation in two cases

Mohd Khairi Md Daud, Suhaili Abdul Jalil

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(23):30-32.
MyJurnal

Congenital cholesteatoma (CC) of the middle ear is a rare entity that may be
undiagnosed for years. The lesion can grow undetected until it produces symptoms such as reduced
hearing or otalgia.

MeSH terms: Cholesteatoma; Ear, Middle; Earache; Hearing Loss
Fulltext Catamenial epilepsy: A missed cause of refractory seizure in young women

Kandeepan J, Shaaban J

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(2-3):24-26.
PMID: 28461855 MyJurnal

Catamenial epilepsy refers to changes in the frequency of seizures over the course of the menstrual cycle. A thorough history and detailed review of the patient's seizure diary are imperative to classify the seizures accurately and select the most appropriate antiepileptic treatment. As catamenial epilepsy rarely responds to antiepileptic medications, the physician should regularly revise the treatment plan of the women with epilepsy that is refractory to the current treatment. We describe the case of a 34-year-old single woman who presented with refractory seizures.

MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants; Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Seizures; Epilepsy, Reflex
Fulltext Leech in the Nose – an unusual cause of epistaxis

Nazli Zainuddin, Nair, Prenav, Farid Razali

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(23):33-34.
MyJurnal

Leech is an uncommon nasal foreign body, which can cause epistaxis. It is an aquatic segmental
worm living in fresh water most commonly in tropical areas. Once it is attached in the nose, it will
secrete an anticoagulant enzyme named hirudin, and that will result in continuous bleeding more
than from a normal wound even after it is removed. We present a case of a live leech in the nose
that caused unilateral epistaxis in a patient with a recent history of jungle trekking.

MeSH terms: Animals; Anticoagulants; Epistaxis; Foreign Bodies; Fresh Water; Hirudins; Humans; Leeches; Nose
Fulltext Chronic heel pain: It could be tuberculosis

Muhamad Effendi F, Ibrahim MI, Rozali KN, Miswan MF

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(2-3):20-23.
PMID: 28461854 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Heel pain is a common presentation at a primary care setting. The majority of these cases are benign and self limiting in nature. Common differential diagnoses include plantar fasciitis and peroneal muscle sprains. However, certain conditions-if undetected early-may cause significant morbidity to the patient. A high index of suspicion and early referral for further investigations are needed to prevent long-term morbidities.

METHODS: A clinical review of a patient with chronic left heel pain was performed. Blood parameters and imaging investigations indicated chronic infection of the calcaneum. Histopathological examination was highly suggestive of tuberculosis.

RESULT: The patient responded well to antituberculous therapy. She was pain free and showed no signs of recurrence at final follow-up.

CONCLUSION: Here, we report a case of chronic heel pain, which was later diagnosed as tuberculosis of the calcaneum and successfully treated with antituberculous therapy.

MeSH terms: Calcaneus; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Foot; Heel; Humans; Malaysia; Pain; Primary Health Care; Referral and Consultation; Tuberculosis; Fasciitis, Plantar
Fulltext Multiple magnet ingestion: The attractive hazards

Srihari Singaravel, Mohd Yusran Othman

Medical Journal of Malaysia, 2016;71(4):211-212.
MyJurnal

Foreign body ingestion among children is common and most usually pass through the gastrointestinal tract without requiring any intervention. Magnets, however, pose a greater threat especially when more than one are ingested. We report a case of multiple bowel perforation secondary to ingestion of magnetic beads in a 3-year-old.
Fulltext Efficient Double Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions of 2,5-Dibromo-3-hexylthiophene: Anti-Tumor, Haemolytic, Anti-Thrombolytic and Biofilm Inhibition Studies

Ikram HM, Rasool N, Zubair M, Khan KM, Abbas Chotana G, Akhtar MN, et al.

Molecules, 2016 Jul 27;21(8).
PMID: 27472312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080977

The present study describes several novel 2,5-biaryl-3-hexylthiophene derivatives (3a-i) synthesized via a Pd(0)-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction in moderate to good yields. The novel compounds were also analyzed for their anti-thrombolytic, haemolytic, and biofilm inhibition activities. In addition, the anti-tumor activity was also evaluated in vitro for newly-synthesized compounds, where 3-hexyl-2,5-bis(4-(methylthio)phenyl)thiophene exhibited the best anti-tumor activity against 4T1 cells with IC50 value of 16 μM. Moreover, 2,5-bis(4-methylphenyl)-3-hexylthiophene showed the highest activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 26.2 μM. On the other hand, the compound 2,5-bis(4-chloropheny)-3-hexylthiophene exhibited excellent biofilm inhibition activity. Furthermore, the compound 2,5-bis(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3-hexylthiophene also exhibited better anti-thrombolytic and hemolytic activity results as compared to the other newly-synthesized compounds.

MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis*; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry; Cell Survival/drug effects; Fibrinolytic Agents/chemical synthesis*; Fibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology; Fibrinolytic Agents/chemistry; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Thiophenes/chemical synthesis*; Thiophenes/pharmacology; Thiophenes/chemistry; Molecular Structure; Biofilms/drug effects*; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation/drug effects; Hemolytic Agents/chemical synthesis*; Hemolytic Agents/pharmacology; Hemolytic Agents/chemistry; MCF-7 Cells
Fulltext Unusual Deviation of the Main Foramen from the Root Apex

Versiani MA, Ahmed HM, Sousa-Neto MD, De-Deus G, Dummer PM

Braz Dent J, 2016 Sep-Oct;27(5):589-591.
PMID: 27982239 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201601106

The relationship of the main foramen to the anatomic root apex has been the subject of several studies. Although they are anatomically close, they rarely coincide, and their distance can vary according to age or tooth type, ranging from 0.2 to 3.0 mm. The aim of this short communication was to evaluate the distance between the main foramen of independent middle mesial canals (MMCs) and the anatomical mesial root apex of mandibular first molars using the micro-computed tomography. Twenty-five mandibular first molars with MMCs were scanned (resolution of 9.9 µm), and the distance from its main foramen to the anatomical apex was evaluated. Overall, the distance ranged from 0.2 to 2.4 mm; however, in 3 specimens the distance was greater than 3 mm. This report demonstrates that the exit of the main foramen of the MMC varies considerably and could approach a substantial distance from the anatomical apex greater than previously reported in the literature.

MeSH terms: Humans; Tooth Apex/pathology*; Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Fulltext A curious case of Meckel’s diverticulum

Benedict Dharmaraj, Mohd Razali Ibrahim, Jasjit Singh Nijhar, Zainal Ariffin Azizi, Michael Arvind

Medical Journal of Malaysia, 2016;71(4):203-205.
MyJurnal

Meckel’s diverticulitis or Meckel’s associated pathology
frequently presents in childhood with gastrointestinal
bleeding. It is rarely seen in adults. It is a congenital
abnormality that commonly goes undetected. We present a
case of a perforated Meckel’s diverticulum due to fishbone
ingestion in an elderly gentleman. The aim of this case
report is to highlight the rare presentation of a perforation in
a Meckel’s diverticulum due to an extrinsic pathology and to
outline diagnostic and management options in cases of
Meckel’s diverticulum.
Fulltext A dedifferentiated large posterior mediastinal liposarcoma – An incidental finding successfully resected

Narasimman Sathiamurthy, Jasjit Singh Nijhar, Navarasi S Raja Gopal, Premnath Nagalingam

Medical Journal of Malaysia, 2016;71(4):201-202.
MyJurnal

This is a case of a posterior mediastinal mass in an
asymptomatic gentleman, which was resected successfully
and he has been disease free for more than a year of follow
up. The histopathology findings happen to be a rare
occurrence.
Fulltext Parental preferences with regards to disclosure following adverse events occurring in relation to medication use or diagnosis in the care of their children – perspectives from Malaysia

Tock Rei Tan, Hian Yue Heng, Thangatorai Ramesh, Pey Woei Ting, Wei, Shien Lee, Cheong, Lieng Teng, et al.

Medical Journal of Malaysia, 2016;71(4):186-192.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Open disclosure is poorly understood in
Malaysia but is an ethical and professional responsibility.
The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the
perception of parents regarding the severity of medical error
in relation to medication use or diagnosis; (2) the preference
of parents for information following the medical error and its
relation to severity; and (3) the preference of parents with
regards to disciplinary action, reporting, and legal action.
Methods: We translated and contextualised a questionnaire
developed from a previous study. The questionnaire
consisted of four case vignettes that described the
following: medication error with a lifelong complication;
diagnostic error with a lifelong complication; diagnostic
error without lifelong effect; and medication error without
lifelong effect. Each case vignette was followed by a series
of questions examining the subject’s perception on the
above areas. We also determined the content validity of the
questionnaire. We invited parents of Malaysian children
admitted to the paediatric wards of Tuanku Jaafar Hospital to
participate in the study.
Results: One hundred and twenty-three parents participated
in the study. The majority of parents wanted to be told
regarding the event. As the severity of the case vignettes
increased, the desire for information, remedial action,
acknowledgement of responsibility, compensation,
punishment, legal action, and reporting to a higher agency
also increased. The findings did not have strong evidence of
a relationship with subject’s demographics.
Conclusion: This study gives insights into previously
unexplored perspectives and preferences of parents in
Malaysia regarding open disclosure. It also highlights the
opportunity for more research in this area with potentially
broad applications.
Fulltext Apibacter adventoris gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from honey bees

Kwong WK, Moran NA

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2016 Mar;66(3):1323-1329.
PMID: 26743158 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000882

Honey bees and bumble bees harbour a small, defined set of gut bacterial associates. Strains matching sequences from 16S rRNA gene surveys of bee gut microbiotas were isolated from two honey bee species from East Asia. These isolates were mesophlic, non-pigmented, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was 29-31 mol%. They had ∼87 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to the closest relatives described. Phylogenetic reconstruction using 20 protein-coding genes showed that these bee-derived strains formed a highly supported monophyletic clade, sister to the clade containing species of the genera Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia within the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we propose placing these strains in a novel genus and species: Apibacter adventoris gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Apibacter adventoris is wkB301T ( = NRRL B-65307T = NCIMB 14986T).

MeSH terms: Animals; Base Composition; Bees/microbiology*; DNA, Bacterial/genetics; Fatty Acids/chemistry; Malaysia; Phylogeny*; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics; Singapore; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2/analogs & derivatives; Vitamin K 2/chemistry; Flavobacteriaceae/classification*; Flavobacteriaceae/genetics; Flavobacteriaceae/isolation & purification
Revision of the genus Coeliccia Kirby in Borneo part II: Two new species from the membranipes-group, with a redescription of C. macrostigma Laidlaw (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae)

Dow RA

Zootaxa, 2016 Nov 02;4184(1):79-103.
PMID: 27811655 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.5

Coeliccia matok sp. nov. (holotype male from Borneo, Sarawak, Samarahan Division, peat swamp forest at old UNIMAS campus, 25 ii 2008, to be deposited in BMNH) and Coeliccia paludensis sp. nov. (holotype male from Borneo, Kalimantan Tengah, peat swamp forest in ex Mega Rice Project Block E, 18 vi 2012, in RMNH) are described from Borneo. The two new species are apparently confined to peat swamp forest (C. paludensis) or largely confined to peat swamp forest and related forest formations (C. matok). Coeliccia macrostigma Laidlaw is redescribed and all available information on it is summarised. Additional terminology for characters of the prothorax in Coeliccia species is introduced. Distribution maps are given for all three species considered.

MeSH terms: Animals; Borneo; Female; Male; Wetlands; Odonata/anatomy & histology*; Odonata/classification*
Is targeted removal a suitable means for tuberculosis control in wild boar?

Che'Amat A, Armenteros JA, González-Barrio D, Lima JF, Díez-Delgado I, Barasona JA, et al.

Prev Vet Med, 2016 Dec 01;135:132-135.
PMID: 27843020 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.11.002

We assessed the suitability of targeted removal as a means for tuberculosis (TB) control on an intensely managed Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunting estate. The 60km(2) large study area included one capture (treatment) site, one control site, and one release site. Each site was fenced. In the summers of 2012, 2013 and 2014, 929 wild boar were live-captured on the treatment site. All wild boar were micro-chipped and tested using an animal side lateral flow test immediately after capture in order to detect antibodies to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). The wild boar were released according to their TB status: Seropositive individuals onto the release site (hunted after summer), and seronegative individuals back onto the treatment site. The annual summer seroprevalence of antibodies to the MTC declined significantly in live-captured wild boar piglets from the treatment site, from 44% in 2012 to 27% in 2013 (a reduction of 39%). However, no significant further reduction was recorded in 2014, during the third capture season. Fall-winter MTC infection prevalence was calculated on the basis of the culture results obtained for hunter-harvested wild boar. No significant changes between hunting seasons were recorded on either the treatment site or the control site, and prevalence trends over time were similar on both sites. The fall-winter MTC infection prevalence on the release site increased significantly from 40% in 2011-2012 to 64% in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 (60% increase). Recaptures indicated a persistently high infection pressure. This experiment, the first attempt to control TB in wild boar through targeted removal, failed to reduce TB prevalence when compared to the control site. However, it generated valuable knowledge on infection pressure and on the consequences of translocating TB-infected wild boar.

MeSH terms: Animals; Communicable Disease Control/methods*; Mycobacterium bovis/physiology*; Spain/epidemiology; Swine; Swine Diseases/microbiology; Swine Diseases/epidemiology; Swine Diseases/prevention & control*; Tuberculosis/microbiology; Tuberculosis/epidemiology; Tuberculosis/prevention & control; Tuberculosis/veterinary*; Prevalence; Seroepidemiologic Studies
Fulltext Low Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency among Nepalese Infants Despite High Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency among Their Mothers

Haugen J, Ulak M, Chandyo RK, Henjum S, Thorne-Lyman AL, Ueland PM, et al.

Nutrients, 2016 Dec 21;8(12).
PMID: 28009810 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120825

BACKGROUND: Describing vitamin D status and its predictors in various populations is important in order to target public health measures.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the status and predictors of vitamin D status in healthy Nepalese mothers and infants.
METHODS: 500 randomly selected Nepalese mother and infant pairs were included in a cross-sectional study. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS and multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify predictors of vitamin D status.
RESULTS: Among the infants, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D <50 nmol/L) and deficiency (<30 nmol/L) were 3.6% and 0.6%, respectively, in contrast to 59.8% and 14.0% among their mothers. Infant 25(OH)D concentrations were negatively associated with infant age and positively associated with maternal vitamin D status and body mass index (BMI), explaining 22% of the variability in 25(OH)D concentration. Global solar radiation, maternal age and BMI predicted maternal 25(OH)D concentration, explaining 9.7% of its variability.
CONCLUSION: Age and maternal vitamin D status are the main predictors of vitamin D status in infants in Bhaktapur, Nepal, who have adequate vitamin D status despite poor vitamin D status in their mothers.

MeSH terms: Maternal Health*; Adolescent; Adult; Chromatography, Liquid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*; Lactation/blood; Male; Maternal Age; Nepal/epidemiology; Nutritional Status*; Risk Factors; Sunlight; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives*; Vitamin D/blood; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood; Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnosis; Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology*; Biomarkers/blood; Body Mass Index; Prevalence; Linear Models; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in southeast and southern Asia: challenges for governments

Wait S, Kell E, Hamid S, Muljono DH, Sollano J, Mohamed R, et al.

Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016 11;1(3):248-255.
PMID: 28404097 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(16)30031-0

In 2015, the Coalition to Eradicate Viral Hepatitis in Asia Pacific gathered leading hepatitis experts from Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Thailand to discuss common challenges to the burden posed by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), to learn from each other's experience, and identify sustainable approaches. In this report, we summarise these discussions. Countries differ in their policy responses to HBV and HCV; however, substantial systemic, cultural, and financial barriers to achievement of elimination of these infections persist in all countries. Common challenges to elimination include limited availability of reliable epidemiological data; insufficient public awareness of risk factors and modes of transmission, leading to underdiagnosis; high rates of transmission through infected blood products, including in medical settings; limited access to care for people who inject drugs; prevailing stigma and discrimination against people infected with viral hepatitis; and financial barriers to treatment and care. Despite these challenges, promising examples of effective programmes, public-private initiatives, and other innovative approaches are evident in all countries we studied in Asia Pacific. The draft WHO Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis 2016-21 provides a solid framework upon which governments can build their local strategies towards viral hepatitis. However, greater recognition by national governments and the international community of the urgency to comprehensively tackle both HBV and HCV are still needed. In all countries, strategic plans and policy goals need to be translated into resources and concrete actions, with national governments at the helm, to enable a sustainable response to the rising burden of hepatitis B and C in all countries.

MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology; Attitude to Health; Health Policy*; Health Services Accessibility; Hepatitis B/diagnosis; Hepatitis B/epidemiology; Hepatitis B/prevention & control*; Hepatitis B/transmission; Hepatitis C/diagnosis; Hepatitis C/epidemiology; Hepatitis C/prevention & control*; Hepatitis C/transmission; Humans
Fulltext Nutritional, Medicinal and Toxicological Attributes of Star-Fruits (Averrhoa carambola L.): A Review

Muthu N, Lee SY, Phua KK, Bhore SJ

Bioinformation, 2016;12(12):420-424.
PMID: 28405126 DOI: 10.6026/97320630012420

Plants are very complex organisms that produce medicinally important natural products. The Star-fruit producing plant (Averrhoa carambola L.) is a species of woody plant in the family Oxalidaceae native to the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka; but, cultivated in many parts of the world. Star-fruits are popular tropical fruits and used commonly in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) in India, China, and Brazil to relieve ailments such as chronic headache, fever, cough, gastro-enteritis, diarrhoea, ringworm infections, and skin inflammations. However, this fruit contains high amount of oxalate, which is hazardous for uremic patients, and caramboxin (CBX), which is neurotoxic. The aim of this review is to highlight the nutritional, medicinal and toxicological traits of the star-fruits.
Fulltext Molecular characterisation of endophytic fungi from roots of wild banana (Musa acuminata)

Latiffah Zakaria, Muhamad Izham Muhamad Jamil, Intan Sakinah Mohd Anuar

Trop Life Sci Res, 2016;27(1):153-162.
MyJurnal

Endophytic fungi inhabit apparently healthy plant tissues and are prevalent in
terrestrial plants, especially root tissues, which harbour a wide assemblage of fungal
endophytes. Therefore, this study focused on the isolation and characterisation of
endophytic fungi from the roots of wild banana (Musa acuminata). A total of 31 isolates of
endophytic fungi were isolated from 80 root fragments. The endophytic fungi were initially
sorted according to morphological characteristics and identified using the sequences of
the translation elongation factor-1α (TEF-1α) gene of Fusarium spp. and the Internal
Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of other fungi. The most common fungal isolates were
species of the genus Fusarium, which were identified as F. proliferatum, Fusarium sp.,
F. solani species complex, and F. oxysporum. Other isolated endophytic fungi included
Curvularia lunata, Trichoderma atroviride, Calonectria gracilis, Rhizoctonia solani,
Bionectria ochroleuca, and Stromatoneurospora phoenix (Xylariceae). Several of the
fungal genera, such as Fusarium, Trichoderma, Rhizoctonia, and Xylariceae, are among
the common fungal endophytes reported in plants. This study showed that the roots of wild
banana harbour a diverse group of endophytic fungi.

MeSH terms: Fusarium; Rhizoctonia; Trichoderma; Peptide Elongation Factor 1; Musa; Endophytes

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