Browse publications by year: 2017

  1. Chatterjee J, Dai W, Aziz NHA, Teo PY, Wahba J, Phelps DL, et al.
    Clin Cancer Res, 2017 07 01;23(13):3453-3460.
    PMID: 27986748 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2366
    Purpose: We aimed to establish whether programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, in ovarian cancer tumor tissue and blood, could be used as biomarkers for discrimination of tumor histology and prognosis of ovarian cancer.Experimental Design: Immune cells were separated from blood, ascites, and tumor tissue obtained from women with suspected ovarian cancer and studied for the differential expression of possible immune biomarkers using flow cytometry. PD-L1 expression on tumor-associated inflammatory cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray. Plasma soluble PD-L1 was measured using sandwich ELISA. The relationships among immune markers were explored using hierarchical cluster analyses.Results: Biomarkers from the discovery cohort that associated with PD-L1+ cells were found. PD-L1+ CD14+ cells and PD-L1+ CD11c+ cells in the monocyte gate showed a distinct expression pattern when comparing benign tumors and epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs)-confirmed in the validation cohort. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed PD-L1+ and PD-L1+ CD14+ cells in the monocyte gate performed better than the well-established tumor marker CA-125 alone. Plasma soluble PD-L1 was elevated in patients with EOC compared with healthy women and patients with benign ovarian tumors. Low total PD-1+ expression on lymphocytes was associated with improved survival.Conclusions: Differential expression of immunological markers relating to the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in blood can be used as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in EOC. These data have implications for the development and trial of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3453-60. ©2016 AACR.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms/blood*; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics; Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology; Prognosis; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood*; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology; CA-125 Antigen/blood; CA-125 Antigen/immunology; Disease-Free Survival; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Antigens, CD274/blood*; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/blood*
  2. Najafi R, Hosseini A, Ghaznavi H, Mehrzadi S, Sharifi AM
    Brain Res Bull, 2017 May;131:117-122.
    PMID: 28373151 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.013
    OBJECTIVE: Neuropathies are a nerve disorders that caused by diabetes. Neuropathy affects over 50% of diabetic patients. High blood glucose and their toxic byproducts are the main causes for nerve dysfunction. In the present study, we examined the neroprotective effects of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in diabetic rats.

    METHOD: Rats divided into four groups: control group, diabetic group, the diabetic group treated with CeO2nanoparticle at a dose of 65mg/kg and diabetic group received CeO2nanoparticle at a dose of 85mg/kg. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 65mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes, body weight and pain sensitivity in all groups were measured. The blood sample was collected for biochemical analysis. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were isolated for histopathological stain and morphometric parameters studies.

    RESULTS: Reduction of body weight, total thiol molecules (TTM), total antioxidant power (TAP) and ADP/ATP ratio in diabetic rat was reversed by CeO2nanoparticles administration. We showed that lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nociception latency were significantly increased in STZ-treated rats and decreased after CeO2nanoparticles administration. DRG neurons showed obvious vacuole and various changes in diameter, area and the count of A and B cells in STZ-diabetic rat. CeO2nanoparticles improved the histopathology and morphological abnormalities of DRG neurons.

    CONCLUSION: Our study concluded the CeO2nanoparticles have a protective effect against the development of DN.

    MeSH terms: Animals; Antioxidants/pharmacology; Blood Glucose/drug effects; Body Weight/drug effects; Cerium/pharmacology*; Cerium/therapeutic use; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy; Diabetic Neuropathies/drug therapy*; Disease Models, Animal; Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects; Male; Neurons/drug effects; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects; Rats, Wistar; Oxidative Stress/drug effects; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology; Rats; Nanoparticles/therapeutic use
  3. Abd Aziz MA, Md Isa K, Ab Rashid R
    Waste Manag Res, 2017 Jun;35(6):647-655.
    PMID: 28431479 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X17697815
    This article aims to provide insights into the factors that contribute to the separation efficiency of solid particles. In this study, a pneumatic jigging technique was used to assess the separation of solid waste materials that consisted of copper, glass and rubber insulator. Several initial experiments were carried out to evaluate the strengths and limitations of the technique. It is found that despite some limitations of the technique, all the samples prepared for the experiments were successfully separated. The follow-up experiments were then carried out to further assess the separation of copper wire and rubber insulator. The effects of air flow and pulse rates on the separation process were examined. The data for these follow-up experiments were analysed using a sink float analysis technique. The analysis shows that the air flow rate was very important in determining the separation efficiency. However, the separation efficiency may be influenced by the type of materials used.
    MeSH terms: Copper; Glass; Refuse Disposal*; Rubber; Solid Waste*
  4. Ch'ng ASH, Yong KTW, Ng DWH, Heyzer L, Lim WS
    J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2017 06 01;18(6):544-545.
    PMID: 28431910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.018
    MeSH terms: Geriatrics*; Humans; Periodicals as Topic*; Bibliometrics*; Translational Medical Research*
  5. Shahzad H, Giribabu N, Karim K, Kassim N, Muniandy S, Kumar KE, et al.
    Reprod Toxicol, 2017 08;71:42-54.
    PMID: 28431985 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.04.004
    HYPOTHESIS: Quercetin could induce changes to the fluid volume and receptivity development of the uterus during peri-implantation period.

    METHODS: Female rats were treated with quercetin (10, 25 and 50mg/kg/day) subcutaneously beginning from day-1 pregnancy. Uterus was harvested at day-4 (following three days quercetin treatment) for morphological, ultra-structural, protein and mRNA expressional changes and plasma sex-steroid levels analyses. In another cohort of rats, implantation rate was determined at day-6 (following five days quercetin treatment).

    RESULTS: Administration of 50mg/kg/day quercetin causes increased in uterine fluid volume and CFTR expression but decreased in γ-ENaC, AQP-5, AQP-9 claudin-4, occludin, E-cadherin, integrin αnβЗ, FGF, Ihh and Msx-1expression in the uterus. Pinopodes were poorly develop, tight junctions appear less complex and implantation rate decreased. Serum estradiol levels increased but serum progesterone levels decreased.

    CONCLUSIONS: Interference in the fluid volume and receptivity development of the uterus during peri-implantation period by quercetin could adversely affect embryo implantation.

    MeSH terms: Animals; Body Fluids/drug effects; Female; Membrane Proteins/genetics; Membrane Proteins/metabolism; Embryo Implantation/drug effects*; Pregnancy; Quercetin/toxicity*; Transcription Factors/genetics; Transcription Factors/metabolism; Uterus/drug effects*; Uterus/metabolism; Uterus/physiology; Uterus/ultrastructure; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tight Junctions/drug effects; Tight Junctions/ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  6. Chellappan DK, Yenese Y, Wei CC, Gupta G
    Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets, 2017 09 11;17(2):87 - 95.
    PMID: 28427246 DOI: 10.2174/1871530317666170421121202
    Background and Objective: The incidence of diabetes has been on the rise and the rate of rise since the turn of this century has been phenomenal. One of the various battling issues faced by diabetics all over the globe is the management of diabetic wounds. Currently, there are several management strategies to deal with the treatment of diabetic wounds. The conventional methods have several limitations. One of the major limitations is the rate and progression of healing of a diabetic wound when adopting a conventional diabetic wound management therapy. Lately, several nano techniques and nano products have emerged in the market that offer promising results for such patients. The treatment outcomes are achieved more efficiently with such nanomedical products.
    Methods: This review attempts to consider the currently available nanotechnological applications in the management of diabetic wounds. We take a deeper look into the available nanotherapeutic agents and the different nanocarriers that could be used in the management of diabetic wound healing. Lately, researchers around the globe have started providing evidences on the effective use of such nanoparticles in various fields of Medicine extending from genetics to various other branches of medicine. This also includes the management of diabetic wounds.
    Conclusion: This paper discusses the challenges faced with these nanotherapies and nanoparticles with regard to the treatment of diabetic wounds.
    MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus*; Wounds and Injuries*; Nanotechnology*
  7. Thompson MS, Bajuri MN, Khayyeri H, Isaksson H
    Proc Inst Mech Eng H, 2017 May;231(5):369-377.
    PMID: 28427319 DOI: 10.1177/0954411917692010
    Tendons are adapted to carry large, repeated loads and are clinically important for the maintenance of musculoskeletal health in an increasing, actively ageing population, as well as in elite athletes. Tendons are known to adapt to mechanical loading. Also, their healing and disease processes are highly sensitive to mechanical load. Computational modelling approaches developed to capture this mechanobiological adaptation in tendons and other tissues have successfully addressed many important scientific and clinical issues. The aim of this review is to identify techniques and approaches that could be further developed to address tendon-related problems. Biomechanical models are identified that capture the multi-level aspects of tendon mechanics. Continuum whole tendon models, both phenomenological and microstructurally motivated, are important to estimate forces during locomotion activities. Fibril-level microstructural models are documented that can use these estimated forces to detail local mechanical parameters relevant to cell mechanotransduction. Cell-level models able to predict the response to such parameters are also described. A selection of updatable mechanobiological models is presented. These use mechanical signals, often continuum tissue level, along with rules for tissue change and have been applied successfully in many tissues to predict in vivo and in vitro outcomes. Signals may include scalars derived from the stress or strain tensors, or in poroelasticity also fluid velocity, while adaptation may be represented by changes to elastic modulus, permeability, fibril density or orientation. So far, only simple analytical approaches have been applied to tendon mechanobiology. With the development of sophisticated computational mechanobiological models in parallel with reporting more quantitative data from in vivo or clinical mechanobiological studies, for example, appropriate imaging, biochemical and histological data, this field offers huge potential for future development towards clinical applications.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Models, Biological*; Mechanical Phenomena*
  8. Uni S, Mat Udin AS, Agatsuma T, Saijuntha W, Junker K, Ramli R, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2017 Apr 20;10(1):194.
    PMID: 28427478 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2105-9
    BACKGROUND: The filarial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold, 1877), Brugia malayi (Brug, 1927) and B. timori Partono, Purnomo, Dennis, Atmosoedjono, Oemijati & Cross, 1977 cause lymphatic diseases in humans in the tropics, while B. pahangi (Buckley & Edeson, 1956) infects carnivores and causes zoonotic diseases in humans in Malaysia. Wuchereria bancrofti, W. kalimantani Palmieri, Pulnomo, Dennis & Marwoto, 1980 and six out of ten Brugia spp. have been described from Australia, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka and India. However, the origin and evolution of the species in the Wuchereria-Brugia clade remain unclear. While investigating the diversity of filarial parasites in Malaysia, we discovered an undescribed species in the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia).

    METHODS: We examined 81 common treeshrews from 14 areas in nine states and the Federal Territory of Peninsular Malaysia for filarial parasites. Once any filariae that were found had been isolated, we examined their morphological characteristics and determined the partial sequences of their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 12S rRNA genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region were then cloned into the pGEM-T vector, and the recombinant plasmids were used as templates for sequencing.

    RESULTS: Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka, n. g., n. sp. is described based on the morphological characteristics of adults and microfilariae found in common treeshrews from Jeram Pasu, Kelantan, Malaysia. The Kimura 2-parameter distance between the cox1 gene sequences of the new species and W. bancrofti was 11.8%. Based on the three gene sequences, the new species forms a monophyletic clade with W. bancrofti and Brugia spp. The adult parasites were found in tissues surrounding the lymph nodes of the neck of common treeshrews.

    CONCLUSIONS: The newly described species appears most closely related to Wuchereria spp. and Brugia spp., but differs from these in several morphological characteristics. Molecular analyses based on the cox1 and 12S rRNA genes and the ITS1 region indicated that this species differs from both W. bancrofti and Brugia spp. at the genus level. We thus propose a new genus, Malayfilaria, along with the new species M. sofiani.

    MeSH terms: Animals; Brugia/anatomy & histology; Brugia/genetics; Female; Filariasis/epidemiology; Filariasis/parasitology; Filariasis/veterinary*; Filarioidea/anatomy & histology*; Filarioidea/genetics*; Filarioidea/isolation & purification; Malaysia; Male; Tupaia/parasitology*; Wuchereria/anatomy & histology; Wuchereria/genetics; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
  9. Li YY, Fu SH, Guo XF, Lei WW, Li XL, Song JD, et al.
    Biomed Environ Sci, 2017 Mar;30(3):210-214.
    PMID: 28427491 DOI: 10.3967/bes2017.028
    In this study, we isolated a virus strain (YN12031) from specimens of Armigeres subalbatus collected in the China-Laos border. BHK-21 cells infected with YN12031 exhibited an evident cytopathic effect (CPE) 32 h post-infection. The virus particles were spherical, 70 nm in diameter, and enveloped; they also featured surface fibers. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that YN12031 was closely related to alpha viruses such as Chikungunya virus and Sindbis virus, and located in the same clade as MM2021, the prototype of Getahvirus (GETV) isolated in Malaysia in 1955. Phylogenetic analysis of the E2 and capsid genes further revealed that YN12031 was located in the same clade as the Russian isolate LEIV/16275/Mag. Analysis of the homology of nucleotides and amino acids in the coding area and E2 gene demonstrated that the YN12031 isolated from the China-Laos border (tropical region) was related closest to the LEIV/16275/Mag isolate obtained in Russia (North frigid zone area) among other isolates studied. These results suggest that GETV can adapt to different geographical environments to propagate and evolve. Thus, strengthening the detection and monitoring of GETV and its related diseases is very crucial.
    MeSH terms: Alphavirus/genetics*; Alphavirus/isolation & purification*; Animals; Cell Line; China; Cricetinae; Laos; Culicidae/virology*; Phylogeny
  10. Sarwono A, Man Z, Muhammad N, Khan AS, Hamzah WSW, Rahim AHA, et al.
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2017 Jul;37:310-319.
    PMID: 28427638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.01.028
    5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been identified as a promising biomass-derived platform chemical. In this study, one pot production of HMF was studied in ionic liquid (IL) under probe sonication technique. Compared with the conventional heating technique, the use of probe ultrasonic irradiation reduced the reaction time from hours to minutes. Glucose, cellulose and local bamboo, treated with ultrasonic, produced HMF in the yields of 43%, 31% and 13% respectively, within less than 10min. The influence of various parameters such as acoustic power, reaction time, catalysts and glucose loading were studied. About 40% HMF yield at glucose conversion above 90% could be obtained with 2% of catalyst in 3min. Negligible amount of soluble by-product was detected, and humin formation could be controlled by adjusting the different process parameters. Upon extraction of HMF, the mixture of ionic liquid and catalyst could be reused and exhibited no significant reduction of HMF yield over five successive runs. The purity of regenerated [C4C1im]Cl and HMF was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, indicating neither changes in the chemical structure nor presence of any major contaminants during the conversion under ultrasonic treatment. 13C NMR suggests that [C4C1im]Cl/CrCl3 catalyses mutarotation of α-glucopyranose to β-glucopyranose leading to isomerization and finally conversion to HMF. The experimental results demonstrate that the use of probe sonication technique for conversion to HMF provides a positive process benefit.
    MeSH terms: Catalysis; Cellulose/chemistry*; Furaldehyde/analogs & derivatives*; Furaldehyde/chemistry; Glucose/chemistry*; Sonication*; Biomass*; Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  11. Mahbubul IM, Elcioglu EB, Saidur R, Amalina MA
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2017 Jul;37:360-367.
    PMID: 28427644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.01.024
    Nanofluids are promising in many fields, including engineering and medicine. Stability deterioration may be a critical constraint for potential applications of nanofluids. Proper ultrasonication can improve the stability, and possibility of the safe use of nanofluids in different applications. In this study, stability properties of TiO2-H2O nanofluid for varying ultrasonication durations were tested. The nanofluids were prepared through two-step method; and electron microscopies, with particle size distribution and zeta potential analyses were conducted for the evaluation of their stability. Results showed the positive impact of ultrasonication on nanofluid dispersion properties up to some extent. Ultrasonication longer than 150min resulted in re-agglomeration of nanoparticles. Therefore, ultrasonication for 150min was the optimum period yielding highest stability. A regression analysis was also done in order to relate the average cluster size and ultrasonication time to zeta potential. It can be concluded that performing analytical imaging and colloidal property evaluation during and after the sample preparation leads to reliable insights.
  12. Priya SP, Sakinah S, Ling MP, Chee HY, Higuchi A, Hamat RA, et al.
    Acta Trop, 2017 Jul;171:213-219.
    PMID: 28427958 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.010
    Dengue virus (DENV) has emerged as a major economic concern in developing countries, with 2.5 billion people believed to be at risk. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) lining the circulatory system from heart to end vessels perform crucial functions in the human body, by aiding gas exchange in lungs, gaseous, nutritional and its waste exchange in all tissues, including the blood brain barrier, filtration of fluid in the glomeruli, neutrophil recruitment, hormone trafficking, as well as maintenance of blood vessel tone and hemostasis. These functions can be deregulated during DENV infection. In this study, BALB/c mice infected with DENV serotype 2 were analyzed histologically for changes in major blood vessels in response to DENV infection. In the uninfected mouse model, blood vessels showed normal architecture with intact endothelial monolayer, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. In the infected mouse model, DENV distorted the endothelium lining and disturbed the smooth muscle, elastic laminae and their supporting tissues causing vascular structural disarrangement. This may explain the severe pathological illness in DENV-infected individuals. The overall DENV-induced damages on the endothelial and it's supporting tissues and the dysregulated immune reactions initiated by the host were discussed.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Dengue/pathology*; Dengue/virology*; Dengue Virus/classification*; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Endothelial Cells/pathology*; Endothelial Cells/virology; Mice; Serogroup
  13. Khan FU, Asimullah, Khan SB, Kamal T, Asiri AM, Khan IU, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2017 Sep;102:868-877.
    PMID: 28428128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.062
    A very simple and low-cost procedure has been adopted to synthesize efficient copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and copper-silver (Cu-Ag) mixed nanoparticles on the surface of pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-copper oxide nanocomposite (CA-CuO). All nanoparticles loaded onto CA and CA-CuO presented excellent catalytic ability, but Cu-Ag nanoparticles loaded onto CA-CuO (Cu0-Ag0/CA-CuO) exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency to convert 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) into 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of NaBH4. Additionally, the Cu0-Ag0/CA-CuO can be easily recovered by removing the sheet from the reaction media, and can be recycled several times, maintaining high catalytic ability for four cycles.
    MeSH terms: Borohydrides/chemistry; Cellulose/analogs & derivatives*; Cellulose/chemistry; Copper/chemistry*; Nitrophenols/chemistry*; Oxidation-Reduction; Silver/chemistry*; Nanocomposites/chemistry*; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  14. Riveron JM, Ibrahim SS, Mulamba C, Djouaka R, Irving H, Wondji MJ, et al.
    G3 (Bethesda), 2017 06 07;7(6):1819-1832.
    PMID: 28428243 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.040147
    Pyrethroid resistance in malaria vector, An. funestus is increasingly reported across Africa, threatening the sustainability of pyrethroid-based control interventions, including long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Managing this problem requires understanding of the molecular basis of the resistance from different regions of the continent, to establish whether it is being driven by a single or independent selective events. Here, using a genome-wide transcription profiling of pyrethroid resistant populations from southern (Malawi), East (Uganda), and West Africa (Benin), we investigated the molecular basis of resistance, revealing strong differences between the different African regions. The duplicated cytochrome P450 genes (CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b) which were highly overexpressed in southern Africa are not the most upregulated in other regions, where other genes are more overexpressed, including GSTe2 in West (Benin) and CYP9K1 in East (Uganda). The lack of directional selection on both CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b in Uganda in contrast to southern Africa further supports the limited role of these genes outside southern Africa. However, other genes such as the P450 CYP9J11 are commonly overexpressed in all countries across Africa. Here, CYP9J11 is functionally characterized and shown to confer resistance to pyrethroids and moderate cross-resistance to carbamates (bendiocarb). The consistent overexpression of GSTe2 in Benin is coupled with a role of allelic variation at this gene as GAL4-UAS transgenic expression in Drosophila flies showed that the resistant 119F allele is highly efficient in conferring both DDT and permethrin resistance than the L119. The heterogeneity in the molecular basis of resistance and cross-resistance to insecticides in An. funestus populations throughout sub-Saharan African should be taken into account in designing resistance management strategies.
    MeSH terms: Africa; Alleles; Animals; Anopheles/drug effects*; Anopheles/genetics*; Anopheles/metabolism; Anopheles/parasitology; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics; Genetics, Population; Insecticide Resistance/genetics*; Insecticides/pharmacology*; Malaria/transmission; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pyrethrins/pharmacology*; Genetic Variation; Reproducibility of Results; Genetic Heterogeneity*; Computational Biology/methods; Gene Expression Profiling; Genome-Wide Association Study*; Transcriptome; Gene Ontology; Mosquito Vectors/drug effects; Mosquito Vectors/genetics; Mosquito Vectors/parasitology
  15. Jalalian A, Mashohor S, Mahmud R, Karasfi B, Iqbal Saripan M, Ramli AR
    J Digit Imaging, 2017 Dec;30(6):796-811.
    PMID: 28429195 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-017-9958-5
    Computed tomography laser mammography (Eid et al. Egyp J Radiol Nucl Med, 37(1): p. 633-643, 1) is a non-invasive imaging modality for breast cancer diagnosis, which is time-consuming and challenging for the radiologist to interpret the images. Some issues have increased the missed diagnosis of radiologists in visual manner assessment in CTLM images, such as technical reasons which are related to imaging quality and human error due to the structural complexity in appearance. The purpose of this study is to develop a computer-aided diagnosis framework to enhance the performance of radiologist in the interpretation of CTLM images. The proposed CAD system contains three main stages including segmentation of volume of interest (VOI), feature extraction and classification. A 3D Fuzzy segmentation technique has been implemented to extract the VOI. The shape and texture of angiogenesis in CTLM images are significant characteristics to differentiate malignancy or benign lesions. The 3D compactness features and 3D Grey Level Co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) have been extracted from VOIs. Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) pattern recognition has developed for classification of the normal and abnormal lesion in CTLM images. The performance of the proposed CAD system has been measured with different metrics including accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and area under receiver operative characteristics (AROC), which are 95.2, 92.4, 98.1, and 0.98%, respectively.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Algorithms; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods*; Female; Humans; India; Mammography/methods*; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods*; Reproducibility of Results; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
  16. Wang YY, Xiang YT, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Chiu HFK, Yim LCL, et al.
    Psychogeriatrics, 2017 Nov;17(6):348-355.
    PMID: 28429844 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12243
    AIM: This study compared the demographics, clinical characteristics, and antidepressant prescription patterns between Asian patients aged 50 years and older attending psychiatric hospitals and those attending general hospitals.

    METHODS: In total, 955 patients (604 in general hospitals, 351 in psychiatric hospitals) aged 50 years or older treated with antidepressants in 10 Asian countries and territories were examined. Patients' demographics, clinical features, and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure.

    RESULTS: Binary logistic regression revealed that high income and diagnosis of schizophrenia were independently associated with psychiatric hospital treatment, whereas outpatient care, diagnosis of anxiety disorders, and multiple major medical conditions were independently associated with general hospital treatment. In addition, tetracyclic and noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants were more likely to be prescribed in general hospitals.

    CONCLUSION: Older adults treated with antidepressants showed different demographic and clinical features between general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals in Asia.

    Study site: multi nation
    MeSH terms: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use*; Asia; Depression/drug therapy*; Female; Hospitals, General; Hospitals, General*; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Hospitals, Psychiatric*; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data*; Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use*; Retrospective Studies; Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  17. Venugopal Y, Hatta SFWM, Musa N, Rahman SA, Ratnasingam J, Paramasivam SS, et al.
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2017 May;26(3):412-420.
    PMID: 28429905 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.042016.10
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) dose required to maintain sufficiency in non- Caucasian women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) inthe tropics has not been well studied. Some guidelines mandate 800-1000 IU vitamin D/day but the Endocrine Society (US) advocates 1500-2000 IU/day to maintain 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) concentration at >75 nmol/L. We aimed to establish oral cholecalciferol dose required to maintain 25(OH)D concentration at >75 nmol/L in PMO Chinese Malaysian women, postulating lower dose requirements amongst light-skinned subjects in the tropics.

    METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: 90 Chinese Malaysian PMO women in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2°30'N) with baseline serum 25(OH)D levels >=50 nmol/L were recruited. Prior vitamin D supplements were discontinued and subjects randomized to oral cholecalciferol 25,000 IU/4-weekly (Group-A) or 50,000 IU/4-weekly (Group- B) for 16 weeks, administered under direct observation. Serum 25(OH)D, PTH, serum/urinary calcium were measured at baseline, 8 and 16 weeks.

    RESULTS: Baseline characteristics, including osteoporosis severity, sun exposure (~3 hours/week), and serum 25(OH)D did not differ between treatment arms. After 16 weeks, 91% of women sufficient at baseline, remained sufficient on 25,000 IU/4-weekly compared with 97% on 50,000 IU/4-weekly with mean serum 25(OH)D 108.1±20.4 and 114.7±18.4 SD nmol/L respectively (p=0.273). At trial's end, 39% and 80% of insufficient women at baseline attained sufficiency in Group A and Group B (p=0.057). Neither dose was associated with hyperparathyroidism or toxicity.

    CONCLUSIONS: Despite pretrial vitamin D supplementation and adequate sun exposure, 25.6% Chinese Malaysian PMO women were vitamin D insufficient indicating sunshine alone cannot ensure sufficiency in the tropics. Both ~900 IU/day and ~1800 IU/day cholecalciferol can safely maintain vitamin D sufficiency in >90% of Chinese Malaysian PMO women. Higher doses are required with baseline concentration <75 nmol/L.
    MeSH terms: Aged; Calcium/urine; China/ethnology; Cholecalciferol/administration & dosage*; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Middle Aged; Sunlight; Tropical Climate; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D/blood; Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy*; Dietary Supplements; Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  18. Ng CH, Lee SL, Tnah LH, Ng KKS, Lee CT, Diway B, et al.
    PLoS One, 2017;12(4):e0176158.
    PMID: 28430826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176158
    The development of timber tracking methods based on genetic markers can provide scientific evidence to verify the origin of timber products and fulfill the growing requirement for sustainable forestry practices. In this study, the origin of an important Dark Red Meranti wood, Shorea platyclados, was studied by using the combination of seven chloroplast DNA and 15 short tandem repeats (STRs) markers. A total of 27 natural populations of S. platyclados were sampled throughout Malaysia to establish population level and individual level identification databases. A haplotype map was generated from chloroplast DNA sequencing for population identification, resulting in 29 multilocus haplotypes, based on 39 informative intraspecific variable sites. Subsequently, a DNA profiling database was developed from 15 STRs allowing for individual identification in Malaysia. Cluster analysis divided the 27 populations into two genetic clusters, corresponding to the region of Eastern and Western Malaysia. The conservativeness tests showed that the Malaysia database is conservative after removal of bias from population subdivision and sampling effects. Independent self-assignment tests correctly assigned individuals to the database in an overall 60.60-94.95% of cases for identified populations, and in 98.99-99.23% of cases for identified regions. Both the chloroplast DNA database and the STRs appear to be useful for tracking timber originating in Malaysia. Hence, this DNA-based method could serve as an effective addition tool to the existing forensic timber identification system for ensuring the sustainably management of this species into the future.
    MeSH terms: Geography*; Reproducibility of Results; Genes, Plant*; DNA, Chloroplast/genetics; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics; Forensic Genetics*; Dipterocarpaceae/genetics*
  19. Al-Namnam NM, Kutty MG, Chai WL, Ha KO, Kim KH, Siar CH, et al.
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2017 Mar 01;72:332-340.
    PMID: 28024594 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.086
    Recently, a modified form of a three-dimension (3D) porous poly(caprolactone-trifumarate) (PCLTF) scaffold has been produced using a fabrication technique that involves gelatin microparticles porogen leaching. This poly(caprolactone trifumarate-gelatin microparticles) (PCLTF-GMPs) scaffold has been shown to be biocompatible, more flowable clinically, and has a shorter degradation time as compared to its existing predecessors. In this report, a detailed characterization of this new scaffold was performed by testing its cytocompatibility, analyzing the surface topography, and understanding its thermal, physical and mechanical properties. The result showed that the PCLTF-GMPs has no critical cytotoxic effect. To confirm improvement, the surface properties were compared against the older version of PCLTF fabricated using salt porogen leaching. This PCLTF-GMPs scaffold showed no significant difference (unpaired t-test; p>0.05) in mechanical properties before and after gelatin leaching. However, it is mechanically weaker when compared to its predecessors. It has a high biodegradability rate of 16weeks. The pore size produced ranges from 40 to 300μm, and the RMS roughness is 613.7±236.9nm. These characteristics are condusive for osteoblast in-growth, as observed by the extension of filopodia across the macropores. Overall, this newly produced material has good thermal, physical and mechanical properties that complements its biocompatibility and ease of use.
    MeSH terms: Adsorption; Cell Line; Cell Survival/drug effects; Gelatin/chemistry*; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Polyesters/chemistry*; Surface Properties; Temperature; Tensile Strength; Thermogravimetry; Water/chemistry; Porosity; Bone Substitutes/toxicity; Bone Substitutes/chemistry*; Compressive Strength; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
  20. Wisitponchai T, Shoombuatong W, Lee VS, Kitidee K, Tayapiwatana C
    BMC Bioinformatics, 2017 Apr 19;18(1):220.
    PMID: 28424069 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1628-6
    BACKGROUND: Computational analysis of protein-protein interaction provided the crucial information to increase the binding affinity without a change in basic conformation. Several docking programs were used to predict the near-native poses of the protein-protein complex in 10 top-rankings. The universal criteria for discriminating the near-native pose are not available since there are several classes of recognition protein. Currently, the explicit criteria for identifying the near-native pose of ankyrin-protein complexes (APKs) have not been reported yet.

    RESULTS: In this study, we established an ensemble computational model for discriminating the near-native docking pose of APKs named "AnkPlex". A dataset of APKs was generated from seven X-ray APKs, which consisted of 3 internal domains, using the reliable docking tool ZDOCK. The dataset was composed of 669 and 44,334 near-native and non-near-native poses, respectively, and it was used to generate eleven informative features. Subsequently, a re-scoring rank was generated by AnkPlex using a combination of a decision tree algorithm and logistic regression. AnkPlex achieved superior efficiency with ≥1 near-native complexes in the 10 top-rankings for nine X-ray complexes compared to ZDOCK, which only obtained six X-ray complexes. In addition, feature analysis demonstrated that the van der Waals feature was the dominant near-native pose out of the potential ankyrin-protein docking poses.

    CONCLUSION: The AnkPlex model achieved a success at predicting near-native docking poses and led to the discovery of informative characteristics that could further improve our understanding of the ankyrin-protein complex. Our computational study could be useful for predicting the near-native poses of binding proteins and desired targets, especially for ankyrin-protein complexes. The AnkPlex web server is freely accessible at http://ankplex.ams.cmu.ac.th .

    MeSH terms: Algorithms*; Models, Chemical*; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Proteins/metabolism*; Proteins/chemistry; Ankyrins/metabolism*; Computational Biology
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