METHODS AND RESULTS: In view of the lack of study on their mitogenome, we sequenced (by next generation sequencing) and annotated the complete mitogenome of D. vijaysegarani from Malaysia to determine its features and phylogenetic relationship. The whole mitogenome of D. vijaysegarani has identical gene order with the published mitogenomes of the genus Dacus, with 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNAs, a non-coding A + T rich control region, and intergenic spacer and overlap sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on 15 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs and two rRNA genes), reveals Dacus, Zeugodacus and Bactrocera forming a distinct clade. The genus Dacus forms a monophyletic group in the subclade containing also the Zeugodacus group; this Dacus-Zeugodacus subclade is distinct from the Bactrocera subclade. D. (Mellesis) vijaysegarani forms a lineage with D. (Mellesis) trimacula in the subcluster containing also the lineage of D. (Mellesis) conopsoides and D. (Callantra) longicornis. D. (Dacus) bivittatus and D. (Didacus) ciliatus form a distinct subcluster. Based on cox1 sequences, the Malaysia and Vietnam taxa of D. vijaysegarani may not be conspecific.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the mitochondrial genome of D. vijaysegarani provided essential molecular data that could be useful for further studies for species diagnosis, evolution and phylogeny research of other tephritid fruit flies in the future.
METHODS: To assess the current vaccine acceptability in Austria and its influencing factors, an online survey was created and comprised fifteen questions segmented into a sociodemographic part and the acceptance and influencing factors of the approval of the COVID-19 vaccine.
RESULTS: In total, 70% of the 1350 respondents thought that the COVID-19 vaccine is an effective way to prevent and control the virus, while 13% disagreed and 17% were uncertain. Further, 71% approved the rapid development and rollout of the vaccine, while 55% were willing to accept the vaccine as soon as it became available, 18% did not want to get the vaccine, 17% wanted to delay, and 10% were already vaccinated.
CONCLUSIONS: The results show a generally positive attitude towards the new COVID-19 vaccine. The doctor's recommendation greatly influences the decision-making process, and tailored vaccine information can support a higher vaccine coverage.
METHODS: 624 cases of ameloblastoma comprising of 519 non-recurrent ameloblastoma and 105 recurrent ameloblastoma from two main diagnostic centres in Malaysia and Sri Lanka were included. The demographic data, clinical characteristics, histopathological data, treatment modality and episodes of recurrence were extracted and analysed.
RESULTS: The mean age for recurrent ameloblastoma was 37.23 with a peak occurrence in the third decade of life. Recurrent ameloblastoma was marginally female predominant with male to female ratio of 1:1.3. Mandible was the commonest site for the recurrence with a predilection for more than two segments of left mandible followed by left posterior mandible. Follicular (58.1%) histopathological variant was the most reported type to recur followed by plexiform (17.1%). 49.5% of recurrent cases were treated with conservative approach. 65.7% of recurrent cases demonstrated a single episode of recurrence. Mixed (follicular and plexiform) histopathological variants showed the longest average years (11.5 years) for the single episode of recurrence. Plexiform ameloblastoma treated with conservative approach recurred in the shortest follow-up period. The recurrence of ameloblastoma was significantly associated with age group, sub-site of occurrence and histopathological variants (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study showed that age, sub-site of occurrence and histopathological variants are significant factors responsible for the recurrence of ameloblastoma.
METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted in the Morang district, Nepal. A phenomenological approach was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 participants. Postpartum women with one risk factor for high-risk pregnancy who non-adhere to referral hospital birth were selected purposively. Thematic analysis was done to generate themes and categories.
FINDINGS: Two main themes emerged in this study: (i) knowledge and understanding of risk and (ii) normalizing and non-acceptance of risk. The participants had inadequate knowledge of risk in pregnancy and childbirth. Their information source was their personal experiences of risk, witnessing their close relatives, and community incidents. The participants perceived pregnancy as a normal event and did not consider themselves as at risk. They tended to deny risk and perceived that everything was fine with their pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study provide a glimpse into how women perceived risk and the reasons that lead them to deny the risks and gave home birth. In the presence of risk factors in pregnancy, some women were not convinced that they were at risk. An antenatal check-up should be utilized as a platform to educate women, explore their intentions, and encourage safer births.