Affiliations 

  • 1 Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
  • 2 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
  • 3 Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
  • 4 Diet, Genes and Enviroment Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 5 Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  • 6 Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, F-94805, France
  • 7 Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
  • 8 Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 9 Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
  • 10 Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
  • 11 Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy
  • 12 Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
  • 13 Dipartamento Di Medicina Clinicae Chirurgias, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
  • 14 Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic-M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
  • 15 Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, HuGeF, Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
  • 16 Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
  • 17 Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • 18 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
  • 19 Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain
  • 20 Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
  • 21 Escuela Andaluza De Salud Pública, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad De Granada, Granada, Spain
  • 22 Public Health Direction and Biodonostia-Ciberesp, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
  • 23 Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER- CIBERESP), Spain
  • 24 Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden
  • 25 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
  • 26 Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
  • 27 Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
  • 28 MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • 29 Clinical Gerontology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • 30 Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • 31 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
Int J Cancer, 2016 Jan 15;138(2):348-60.
PMID: 26238458 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29718

Abstract

Perturbations in levels of amino acids (AA) and their derivatives are observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet, it is unclear whether these alterations precede or are a consequence of the disease, nor whether they pertain to anatomically related cancers of the intrahepatic bile duct (IHBC), and gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract (GBTC). Circulating standard AA, biogenic amines and hexoses were measured (Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ-p180Kit) in a case-control study nested within a large prospective cohort (147 HCC, 43 IHBC and 134 GBTC cases). Liver function and hepatitis status biomarkers were determined separately. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR; 95%CI) for log-transformed standardised (mean = 0, SD = 1) serum metabolite levels and relevant ratios in relation to HCC, IHBC or GBTC risk. Fourteen metabolites were significantly associated with HCC risk, of which seven metabolites and four ratios were the strongest predictors in continuous models. Leucine, lysine, glutamine and the ratio of branched chain to aromatic AA (Fischer's ratio) were inversely, while phenylalanine, tyrosine and their ratio, glutamate, glutamate/glutamine ratio, kynurenine and its ratio to tryptophan were positively associated with HCC risk. Confounding by hepatitis status and liver enzyme levels was observed. For the other cancers no significant associations were observed. In conclusion, imbalances of specific AA and biogenic amines may be involved in HCC development.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.