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Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A European Nested Case-Control Study

Opstelten JL 1 , Beelen RMJ 2 , Leenders M 2 , Hoek G 2 , Brunekreef B 2 , van Schaik FDM 1 Show all authors , Siersema PD 1 , Eriksen KT 3 , Raaschou-Nielsen O 3 , Tjønneland A 3 , Overvad K 4 , Boutron-Ruault MC 5 , Carbonnel F 5 , de Hoogh K 6 , Key TJ 7 , Luben R 8 , Chan SSM 9 , Hart AR 9 , Bueno-de-Mesquita HB 1 , Oldenburg B 10

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • 2 Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • 3 Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
  • 4 Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
  • 5 Paris-Saclay University, Université Paris-Sud, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), U1018, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
  • 6 Environmental Exposure and Health Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
  • 7 Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
  • 8 Strangeways Research Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
  • 9 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
  • 10 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. boldenbu@umcutrecht.nl
Dig Dis Sci, 2016 Oct;61(10):2963-2971.
PMID: 27461060 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4249-4

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Industrialization has been linked to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

AIM: We investigated the association between air pollution exposure and IBD.

METHODS: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort was used to identify cases with Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 38) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 104) and controls (n = 568) from Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK, matched for center, gender, age, and date of recruitment. Air pollution data were obtained from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects. Residential exposure was assessed with land-use regression models for particulate matter with diameters of <10 μm (PM10), <2.5 μm (PM2.5), and between 2.5 and 10 μm (PMcoarse), soot (PM2.5 absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS: Although air pollution was not significantly associated with CD or UC separately, the associations were mostly similar. Individuals with IBD were less likely to have higher exposure levels of PM2.5 and PM10, with ORs of 0.24 (95 % CI 0.07-0.81) per 5 μg/m(3) and 0.25 (95 % CI 0.08-0.78) per 10 μg/m(3), respectively. There was an inverse but nonsignificant association for PMcoarse. A higher nearby traffic load was positively associated with IBD [OR 1.60 (95 % CI 1.04-2.46) per 4,000,000 motor vehicles × m per day]. Other air pollutants were positively but not significantly associated with IBD.

CONCLUSION: Exposure to air pollution was not found to be consistently associated with IBD.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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