Affiliations 

  • 1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
  • 2 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 3 Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 4 Respiratory Department, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
  • 5 Pharmacy Department, Hospital Kuala Kubu Bharu, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 6 Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
J Asthma, 2021 09;58(9):1229-1236.
PMID: 32493083 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1776728

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI) is a validated self-reported questionnaire that can reliably assess adherence to inhalers through patient self-report. However, it was not available in Bahasa Melayu (BM) language, nor has it been validated for use in the Malaysian population. The study aimed, therefore, to translate the 10-item TAI questionnaire into BM and evaluate its psychometric properties.

METHODS: The translation of the English version of the valid 10-item TAI questionnaire into BM was followed by subjecting it to a series of tests establishing factorial, concurrent and known group validities. Concurrent validity was assessed through Spearman's rank correlation coefficient against pharmacy refill-based adherence scores. Known group validity was assessed by cross-tabulation against asthma symptom control and using chi-square test. The internal consistency of the test scale was determined by a test-retest method using Cronbach's alpha (α) value and intraclass correlation coefficients.

RESULTS: A total of 120 adult asthma patients participated in the study. A 2-factor structure was obtained and confirmed with acceptable fit indices; CFI, NFI, IFI, TLI >0.9 and, RMSEA was 0.08. The reliability of the scale was 0.871. The test-retest reliability coefficient for the total sum score was 0.832 (p 85%.

CONCLUSIONS: The scale successfully translated into BM and validated. The 10-item TAI-BM appears fit for use in testing inhaler adherence of Malaysian patients with asthma.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.