Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 54 in total

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  1. Acute and subacute oral toxicity of Litsea elliptica Blume essential oil in rats
    Budin SB, Siti Nor Ain SM, Omar B, Taib IS, Hidayatulfathi O
    J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 2012 Oct;13(10):783-90.
    PMID: 23024045
    Litsea elliptica Blume has been traditionally used to treat headache, fever, and stomach ulcer, and has also been used as an insect repellent. The acute and subacute toxicities of L. elliptica essential oil were evaluated orally by gavage in female Sprague-Dawley rats. For the acute toxicity study, L. elliptica essential oil was administered in doses from 500 to 4000 mg/kg (single dose), and in the subacute toxicity test, the following doses were used: 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, for 28 consecutive days. In the acute toxicity study, L. elliptica essential oil caused dose-dependent adverse behaviours and mortality. The median lethal dose value was 3488.86 mg/kg and the acute non-observed-adversed-effect level value was found to be 500 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity study of L. elliptica essential oil did not reveal alterations in body weight, and food and water consumptions. The haematological and biochemical analyses did not show significant differences between control and treated groups in most of the parameters examined, except for the hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, serum albumin, and serum sodium. However, these differences were still within the normal range. No abnormalities or histopathological changes were observed in the liver, pancreatic islet of Langerhans, and renal glomerulous and tubular cells of all treated groups. In conclusion, L. elliptica essential oil can be classified in the U group, which is defined as a group unlikely to present an acute hazard according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
  2. Alpha lipoic Acid prevents pancreatic islet cells damage and dyslipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Budin SB, Kee KP, Eng MY, Osman K, Bakar MA, Mohamed J
    Malays J Med Sci, 2007 Jul;14(2):47-53.
    PMID: 22993491 MyJurnal
    In the present study, the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats have been evaluated. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into nondiabetic (NDM), diabetic without supplementation (No Suppl) and diabetic with ALA groups. ALA was orally administered once a day for 8 weeks with a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Supplementation of ALA to STZ-induced rats prevented the severe damage to the islet cells of the pancreas and lowered the plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Supplementation of ALA also suppressed the increased of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the plasma of diabetic rats as well as increased high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) levels. In conclusion, this study suggest that ALA may be effective in controlling glycemic status and improving dyslipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and has the potential in reducing cardiovascular complications due to diabetes mellitus.
  3. Fulltext Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Antagonism Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Cardiac Remodeling, Dysfunction, and Aggravation of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats
    Ramalingam A, Budin SB, Mohd Fauzi N, Ritchie RH, Zainalabidin S
    Front Pharmacol, 2019;10:1493.
    PMID: 31920673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01493
    Increased exposure to nicotine contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunction by promoting oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation. These deleterious events altogether render cardiac myocytes more susceptible to acute cardiac insults such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study sought to elucidate the role of angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptors in cardiac injury resulting from prolonged nicotine administration in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given nicotine (0.6 mg/kg ip) for 28 days to induce cardiac dysfunction, alone or in combination with the AT1 receptor antagonist, irbesartan (10 mg/kg, po). Vehicle-treated rats were used as controls. Rat hearts isolated from each experimental group at study endpoint were examined for changes in function, histology, gene expression, and susceptibility against acute I/R injury determined ex vivo. Rats administered nicotine alone exhibited significantly increased cardiac expression of angiotensin II and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in addition to elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate. Furthermore, nicotine administration markedly reduced left ventricular (LV) performance with concomitant increases in myocardial oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation. Concomitant treatment with irbesartan attenuated these effects, lowering blood pressure, heart rate, oxidative stress, and expression of fibrotic and inflammatory genes. Importantly, the irbesartan-treated group also manifested reduced susceptibility to I/R injury ex vivo. These findings suggest that AT1 receptors play an important role in nicotine-induced cardiac dysfunction, and pharmacological approaches targeting cardiac AT1 receptors may thus benefit patients with sustained exposure to nicotine.
  4. Fulltext Anti-Inflammatory Property of Plantago major Leaf Extract Reduces the Inflammatory Reaction in Experimental Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury
    Hussan F, Mansor AS, Hassan SN, Tengku Nor Effendy Kamaruddin TN, Budin SB, Othman F
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015;2015:347861.
    PMID: 26300946 DOI: 10.1155/2015/347861
    Hepatic injury induces inflammatory process and cell necrosis. Plantago major is traditionally used for various diseases. This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory property of P. major leaf extracts on inflammatory reaction following acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups, namely, normal control (C), APAP, aqueous (APAP + AQ), methanol (APAP + MT), and ethanol (APAP + ET) extract treated groups. All APAP groups received oral APAP (2 g/kg) at day 0. Then, 1000 mg/kg dose of P. major extracts was given for six days. The levels of liver transaminases were measured at day 1 and day 7 after APAP induction. At day 7, the blood and liver tissue were collected to determine plasma cytokines and tissue 11β-HSD type 1 enzyme. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts were 26.74 ± 1.6%, 21.69 ± 2.81%, and 12.23 ± 3.15%, respectively. The ALT and AST levels were significantly higher in the APAP groups at day 1 whereas the enzyme levels of all groups showed no significant difference at day 7. The extracts treatment significantly reduced the proinflammatory cytokine levels and significantly increased the 11β-HSD type 1 enzyme activity (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the P. major extracts attenuate the inflammatory reaction following APAP-induced liver injury.
  5. Fulltext Antioxidant Activity of Tocotrienol Rich Fraction Prevents Fenitrothion-induced Renal Damage in Rats
    Budin SB, Han KJ, Jayusman PA, Taib IS, Ghazali AR, Mohamed J
    J Toxicol Pathol, 2013 Jun;26(2):111-8.
    PMID: 23914053 DOI: 10.1293/tox.26.111
    Fenitrothion (FNT) is an organophosphate compound widely used as pesticide in Malaysia. The present study aims to investigate effects of palm oil tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) on the renal damage of FNT-treated rats. A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups randomly, the control, TRF, FNT and FNT+TRF groups. FNT (20 mg/kg b.w.) and TRF (200 mg/kg b.w.) were given orally for 28 days continuously. Rats from the FNT+TRF group were supplemented with TRF 30 minutes prior to administration of FNT. Rats were sacrificed after 28 days, and the kidneys were removed for determination of oxidative stress and histological analysis. Plasma was collected for determination of blood creatinine and urea level. Statistical analysis showed that palm oil TRF has a protective effect against renal oxidative damage induced by FNT. In the FNT+TRF group, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels were significantly lower, while the glutathione level as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly higher compared with the FNT-treated group (p<0.05). As for renal function, there was a markedly lower urea level (p<0.05) in the FNT+TRF group compared with the FNT-treated group, but there was no significant difference in creatinine level. Besides, total protein also showed no significant difference for all groups of rats (p>0.05). Histological evaluation also revealed that the FNT+TRF group had less glomerulus and renal tubule damage than the FNT-treated group. In conclusion, palm oil TRF was able to reduce oxidative stress and renal damage in FNT-treated rats.
  6. Fulltext Aortic remodelling in chronic nicotine-administered rat
    Zainalabidin S, Budin SB, Ramalingam A, Lim YC
    Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2014 Oct;18(5):411-8.
    PMID: 25352761 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.5.411
    Vascular remodelling is an adaptive mechanism, which counteracts pressure changes in blood circulation. Nicotine content in cigarette increases the risk of hypertension. The exact relationship between nicotine and vascular remodelling still remain unknown. Current study was aimed to determine the effect of clinically relevant dosage of nicotine (equivalent to light smoker) on aortic reactivity, oxidative stress markers and histomorphological changes. Twelve age-matched male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, i.e.: normal saline as control or 0.6 mg/kg nicotine for 28 days (i.p., n=6 per group). On day-29, the rats were sacrificed and the thoracic aorta was dissected immediately for further studies. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) of nicotine-treated vs. control were significantly increased (p<0.05). Nicotine-treated group showed significant (p<0.05) increase tunica media thickness, and decrease in lumen diameter, suggesting vascular remodelling which lead to prior hypertension state. The phenylephrine (PE)-induced contractile response in nicotine group was significantly higher than control group (ED50=1.44×10(5) M vs. 4.9×10(6) M) (p<0.05~0.001). However, nicotine-treated rat showed significantly lower endothelium-dependent relaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh) than in control group (ED50=6.17×10(7) M vs. 2.82×10(7) M) (p<0.05), indicating loss of primary vascular function. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker was significantly higher in nicotine group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity and glutathione (GSH) were all reduced in nicotine group (p<0.05) vs. control, suggesting nicotine induces oxidative imbalance. In short, chronic nicotine administration impaired aortic reactivity, probably via redox imbalance and vascular remodelling mechanism.
  7. Aqueous calyxes extract of Roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn supplementation improves liver morphology in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
    Nazratun Nafizah AH, Budin SB, Zaryantey AH, Mariati AR, Santhana RL, Osman M, et al.
    Arab J Gastroenterol, 2017 Mar;18(1):13-20.
    PMID: 28336227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2017.02.001
    BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The complex series of deleterious events among diabetes patients leads to multiple organ failure. Therefore, a holistic approach of treatment is urgently required to prevent worsening of complications. The present investigation was carried out to study the possible protective effects of Roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (HSL) calyxes aqueous extract, as an antidiabetic and antioxidant agent against oxidative liver injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single dose of streptozotocin (45mg/kg body weight, iv) was used to induced diabetes in male Sprague Dawley rats which were then divided into two groups: Diabetic control (DC) and HSL-treated diabetic (DR) group. Normal rats were divided into normal control (NC), HSL-treated control (NR). Aqueous calyxes extract of HSL (100mg/kg/day, orally) was given for 28 consecutive days in the treated group. Weight, biochemical and histopathological (light and electron microscopic) parameters were compared in all groups.

    RESULTS: Supplementation of HSL significantly lowered the level of fasting blood glucose and increased plasma insulin level in DR group compared to DC group (p<0.05). Alanine aminotransaminases and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes level were found to be significantly reduced in DR compared to DC. Microscopic examination demonstrated destruction of the liver architecture, cytoplasmic vacuolation of the hepatocytes and signs of necrosis in diabetic rats. Moreover, dilatation and congestion of blood vessels with leucocytes adherence were detected. Ultrastructural study using electron microscope showed homogeneous substance accumulation in nuclear chromatin, a decrease of organelles and mitochondrial degeneration in the diabetic rats.

    CONCLUSION: Administration of HSL in diabetic rats causes significant decrease in hepatocyte destruction and prevented the changes associated with the diabetic condition. Thus, our findings provide a scientific rationale for the use of HSL as promising agent in preventing liver injury in diabetes.

  8. Fulltext Bisphenol A and Its Analogues Deteriorate the Hormones Physiological Function of the Male Reproductive System: A Mini-Review
    Shamhari A', Abd Hamid Z, Budin SB, Shamsudin NJ, Taib IS
    Biomedicines, 2021 Nov 22;9(11).
    PMID: 34829973 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111744
    BPA is identified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical that deteriorates the physiological function of the hormones of the male reproductive system. Bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) are actively explored as substitutes for BPA and are known as BPA analogues in most manufacturing industries. These analogues may demonstrate the same adverse effects as BPA on the male reproductive system; however, toxicological data explaining the male reproductive hormones' physiological functions are still limited. Hence, this mini-review discusses the effects of BPA and its analogues on the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system, focusing on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, steroidogenesis, and spermatogenesis outcomes. The BPA analogues mainly show a similar negative effect on the hormones' physiological functions, proven by alterations in the HPG axis and steroidogenesis via activation of the aromatase activity and reduction of spermatogenesis outcomes when compared to BPA in in vitro and in vivo studies. Human biomonitoring studies also provide significant adverse effects on the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system. In conclusion, BPA and its analogues deteriorate the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system as per in vitro, in vivo, and human biomonitoring studies.
  9. Bovine serum albumin: survival and osmolarity effect in bovine spermatozoa stored above freezing point
    Nang CF, Osman K, Budin SB, Ismail MI, Jaffar FH, Mohamad SF, et al.
    Andrologia, 2012 May;44 Suppl 1:447-53.
    PMID: 21806660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01203.x
    Liquid nitrogen preservation in remote farms is a limitation. The goal of this study was to determine optimum temperature above freezing point for bovine spermatozoa preservation using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a supplementation. Pooled semen sample from three ejaculates was subjected to various BSA concentration (1, 4, 8 and 12 mg ml(-1)), before incubation in different above freezing point temperatures (4, 25 and 37 °C). Viability assessment was carried out against time from day 0 (fresh sample) until all spermatozoa become nonviable. Optimal condition for bovine spermatozoa storage was at 4 °C with 1 mg ml(-1) BSA for almost 7 days. BSA improved bovine spermatozoa viability declining rate to 44.28% at day 4 and 57.59% at day 7 compared to control, with 80.54% and 98.57% at day 4 and 7 respectively. Increase in BSA concentration did not improve sperm viability. Our results also confirmed that there was a strong negative correlation between media osmolarity and bovine spermatozoa survival rate with r = 0.885, P < 0.0001. Bovine serum albumin helps to improve survival rate of bovine spermatozoa stored above freezing point.
  10. Chromosomal Analysis in Lineage-Specific Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Progenitors
    Yusoff NA, Abd Hamid Z, Chow PW, Shuib S, Taib IS, Budin SB
    Methods Mol Biol, 2024;2736:65-76.
    PMID: 36749486 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2022_477
    Hematopoiesis is maintained throughout life from the hematopoietic stem cell niche in which hematopoietic stem cells and lineage-specific hematopoietic progenitors (HSPCs) reside and regulate hematopoiesis. Meanwhile, HSPCs behavior is modulated by both cell intrinsic (e.g., transcriptional factors) and cell extrinsic (e.g., cytokines) factors. Dysregulation of these factors can alter HSPCs function, leading to disrupted hematopoiesis, cellular changes, and subsequent hematological diseases and malignancies. Moreover, it has been reported that chromosomal aberration (CA) in HSPCs following exposure to carcinogenic or genotoxic agents can initiate leukemia stem cells (LSCs) formation which lays a fundamental mechanism in leukemogenesis. Despite reported studies concerning the chromosomal integrity in HSPCs, CA analysis in lineage-specific HSPCs remains scarce. This indicates a need for a laboratory technique that allows the study of CA in specific HSPCs subpopulations comprising differential hematopoietic lineages. Thus, this chapter focuses on the structural (clastogenicity) and numerical (aneugenicity) form of CA analysis in lineage-specific HSPCs comprised of myeloid, erythroid and lymphoid lineages.In this protocol, we describe how to perform CA analysis in lineage-specific HSPCs derived from freshly isolated mouse bone marrow cells (MBMCs) using the combined techniques of colony-forming unit (CFU) and karyotyping. Prior to CA analysis, lineage-specific HSPCs for myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid were enriched through colony-forming unit (CFU) assay. CFU assay assesses the proliferative ability and differentiation potential of an individual HSPC within a sample. About 6 to 14 days of cultures are required depending on the type of HSPCs lineage. The optimal duration is crucial to achieve sufficient colony growth that is needed for accurate CFU analysis via morphological identification and colony counting. Then, the CA focusing on clastogenicity and aneugenicity anomalies in respective HSPCs lineage for myeloid, erythroid and Pre-B lymphoid were investigated. The resulted karyotypes were classified according to the types of CA known as Robertsonian (Rb) translocation, hyperploidy or complex. We believe our protocol offers a significant contribution to be utilized as a reference method for chromosomal analysis in lineage-specific HSPCs subpopulations.
  11. Fulltext Effects of Canarium odontophyllum leaves on plasma glucose and T lymphocyte population in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Saari SM, Basri DF, Budin SB, Warif NM
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2017 Feb;24(2):320-323.
    PMID: 28149168 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.032
    Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by lack of insulin production. Immune mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes. Canarium odontophyllum (CO) fruits and leaves have been shown to possess high antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of CO leaves aqueous extract on the blood glucose and T lymphocyte population in the spleen of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Nineteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal, diabetic control and CO treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg STZ/kg body weight. The extract of CO leaves was administered orally by force feeding daily at the dose of 300 mg/kg for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the study and the spleen was harvested for flow cytometry analysis. The results showed a significant decrease in body weight of diabetic and CO treated diabetic groups compared with the normal group (p 
  12. Fulltext Effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction on biochemical and morphological alterations of liver in fenitrothion-treated rats
    Jayusman PA, Budin SB, Ghazali AR, Taib IS, Louis SR
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2014 Nov;27(6):1873-80.
    PMID: 25362611
    Indiscriminate application of organophosphate (OP) pesticides has led to environmental pollution and severe health problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on biochemical and morphological changes of the liver in rats treated with fenitrothion (FNT), a type of OP pesticide. A total of 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; control group, TRF-supplemented group, FNT-treated group and TRF+FNT group. TRF (200 mg/kg) was supplemented 30 minutes prior to FNT (20 mg/kg) administration, both orally for 28 consecutive days. Following 28 days of treatment, plasma biochemical changes and liver morphology were evaluated. The body and absolute liver weights were significantly elevated in TRF+FNT group compared to FNT group. TRF administration significantly decreased the total protein level and restored the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in TRF + FNT group. In contrast, total bilirubin level, γ-glutamyltranferase (GGT) and cholinesterase activity in TRF + FNT group did not significantly differ from FNT group. Administration of TRF also prevented FNT-induced morphological changes of liver as observed by electron microscope. In conclusion, TRF supplementation showed potential protective effect towards biochemical and ultrastructural changes in liver induced by FNT.
  13. Fenitrothion alters sperm characteristics in rats: ameliorating effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction
    Taib IS, Budin SB, Ghazali AR, Jayusman PA, Mohamed J
    Exp Anim, 2014;63(4):383-93.
    PMID: 25030881
    Exposure to organophosphate insecticides such as fenitrothion (FNT) in agriculture and public health has been reported to affect sperm quality. Antioxidants may have a potential to reduce spermatotoxic effects induced by organophosphate. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in reducing the detrimental effects occurring in spermatozoa of FNT-treated rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups: a control group and groups of rats treated orally with palm oil TRF (200 mg/kg), FNT (20 mg/kg) and palm oil TRF (200 mg/kg) combined with FNT (20 mg/kg). The sperm characteristics, DNA damage, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) were evaluated. Supplementation with TRF attenuated the detrimental effects of FNT by significantly increasing the sperm counts, motility, and viability and decreased the abnormal sperm morphology. The SOD activity and GSH level were significantly increased, whereas the MDA and PC levels were significantly decreased in the TRF+FNT group compared with the rats receiving FNT alone. TRF significantly decreased the DNA damage in the sperm of FNT-treated rats. A significant correlation between abnormal sperm morphology and DNA damage was found in all groups. TRF showed the potential to reduce the detrimental effects occurring in spermatozoa of FNT-treated rats.
  14. Fenitrothion induced oxidative stress and morphological alterations of sperm and testes in male Sprague-Dawley rats
    Taib IS, Budin SB, Ghazali AR, Jayusman PA, Louis SR, Mohamed J
    Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2013 Jan;68(1):93-100.
    PMID: 23420164
    OBJECTIVE: Fenitrothion residue is found primarily in soil, water and food products and can lead to a variety of toxic effects on the immune, hepatobiliary and hematological systems. However, the effects of fenitrothion on the male reproductive system remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fenitrothion on the sperm and testes of male Sprague-Dawley rats.

    METHODS: A 20 mg/kg dose of fenitrothion was administered orally by gavages for 28 consecutive days. Blood sample was obtained by cardiac puncture and dissection of the testes and cauda epididymis was performed to obtain sperm. The effects of fenitrothion on the body and organ weight, biochemical and oxidative stress, sperm characteristics, histology and ultrastructural changes in the testes were evaluated.

    RESULTS: Fenitrothion significantly decreased the body weight gain and weight of the epididymis compared with the control group. Fenitrothion also decreased plasma cholinesterase activity compared with the control group. Fenitrothion altered the sperm characteristics, such as sperm concentration, sperm viability and normal sperm morphology, compared with the control group. Oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, total glutathione and glutathione S-transferase, were significantly increased and superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in the fenitrothion-treated group compared with the control group. The histopathological and ultrastructural examination of the testes of the fenitrothion-treated group revealed alterations corresponding with the biochemical changes compared with the control group.

    CONCLUSION: A 20 mg/kg dose of fenitrothion caused deleterious effects on the sperm and testes of Sprague-Dawley rats.

  15. Fulltext Foot sensation status of Malay women with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Yong SP, Kamaralzaman S, Budin SB
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2012;10(2):43-47.
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to identify the foot sensory status of Malay women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine its relation with: demographic factors, glycated haemoglobin level in plasma, and body mass index. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 71 Malay women with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attend three health clinics in Hulu Langat District, Selangor. Foot sensation was assessed using the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament 5.07 in nine locations on the plantar and dorsal of the feet. Loss of protective sensation was defined as inability to sense the monofilament in one or more sites of either foot. This study found that 56.3% of women had loss of protective sensation, with common sites being the heel, fifth metatarsal head, lateral mid-foot and little toe. Duration of diabetes mellitus were significantly related to foot sensation. The age, HbA1C level and body mass index did not show any significant correlation. Loss of protective sensation may lead to serious foot complication and therefore early screening involving multidisciplinary team is essential for prevention.


  16. Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) polyphenol-rich extract averts cardiac functional and structural abnormalities in type 1 diabetic rats
    Mohammed Yusof NL, Zainalabidin S, Mohd Fauzi N, Budin SB
    Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2018 Dec;43(12):1224-1232.
    PMID: 29726706 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0084
    Diabetes mellitus is often associated with cardiac functional and structural alteration, an initial event leading to cardiovascular complications. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) has been widely proven as an antioxidant and recently has incited research interest for its potential in treating cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the cardioprotective effects of H. sabdariffa (roselle) polyphenol-rich extract (HPE) in type-1-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups (n = 6/group): nondiabetic, diabetic alone (DM), diabetic supplemented with HPE (DM+HPE), and diabetic supplemented with metformin. Type-1 diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Rats were forced-fed with HPE (100 mg/kg) and metformin (150 mg/kg) daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that HPE supplementation improved hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia significantly (p < 0.05) in the DM+HPE compared with the DM group. HPE supplementation attenuated cardiac oxidative damage in the DM group, indicated by low malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein product. As for the antioxidant status, HPE significantly (p < 0.05) increased glutathione level, as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 activities. These findings correlate with cardiac function, whereby left ventricle developed pressure in DM+HPE (79.13 ± 3.08 mm Hg) was higher significantly compared with DM (45.84 ± 1.65 mm Hg). Coronary flow of DM+HPE (17.43 ± 0.62 mL/min) was also greater compared with DM (13.02 ± 0.6 mL/min), showing that HPE supplementation improved cardiac contractility and relaxation rate significantly (p < 0.05). Histological analysis showed a marked decrease in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis in DM+HPE compared with the DM group. Ultrastructural changes and impairment of mitochondria induced by diabetes were minimized by HPE supplementation. Collectively, these findings suggest that HPE is a potential cardioprotective agent in a diabetic setting through its hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemia, and antioxidant properties.
  17. Fulltext Impact of prolonged nicotine administration on myocardial function and susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats
    Ramalingam A, Mohd Fauzi N, Budin SB, Zainalabidin S
    Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2021 Feb;128(2):322-333.
    PMID: 32991780 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13500
    This study investigated the impact of prolonged nicotine administration on myocardial susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat model and determined whether nicotine affects mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and permeability transition in rat hearts. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 0.6 or 1.2 mg/kg nicotine for 28 days, and their hearts were isolated at end-point for assessment of myocardial susceptibility to I/R injury ex vivo. Rat heart mitochondria were also isolated from a subset of rats for analysis of mitochondrial ROS production and permeability transition. Compared to the vehicle controls, rat hearts isolated from nicotine-administered rats exhibited poorer left ventricular function that worsened over the course of I/R. Coronary flow rate was also severely impaired in the nicotine groups at baseline and this worsened after I/R. Nicotine administration significantly increased mitochondrial ROS production and permeability transition relative to the vehicle controls. Interestingly, pre-incubation of isolated mitochondria with ROS scavengers (superoxide dismutase and mitoTEMPO) significantly abolished nicotine-induced increase in mitochondria permeability transition in isolated rat heart mitochondria. Overall, our data showed that prolonged nicotine administration enhances myocardial susceptibility to I/R injury in rats and this is associated with mitochondrial ROS-driven increase in mitochondrial permeability transition.
  18. Fulltext Implication of dietary phenolic acids on inflammation in cardiovascular disease
    Ali SS, Ahmad WANW, Budin SB, Zainalabidin S
    Rev Cardiovasc Med, 2020 Jun 30;21(2):225-240.
    PMID: 32706211 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.02.49
    In spite of medical advances, cardiovascular disease remains a significant concern, imposing a great burden upon the economy and public health of nations by causing the highest morbidity and mortality cases globally. Moreover, it is well established that inflammation is closely linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Hence, targeting inflammation seems to be a promising strategy in reducing cardiovascular risks. Currently, the importance of natural products in modern medicine is well recognised and continues to be of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Phenolic acids are a class of phytochemical compounds that are well-known for their health benefits. They consists of various phytochemical constituents and have been widely studied in various disease models. Research involving both animals and humans has proven that phenolic acids possess cardioprotective properties such as anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophy activity. Furthermore, numerous studies have proven that phenolic acids in phytochemical constituents such as gallic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid are promising anti-inflammatory agents. Hence, in this review, we outline and review recent evidence on the role of phenolic acids and their anti-inflammatory significance in studies published during the last 5 years. We also discuss their possible mechanisms of action in modulating inflammation related to cardiovascular disease.
  19. Linking Benzene, in Utero Carcinogenicity and Fetal Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches: A Mechanistic Review
    Yusoff NA, Abd Hamid Z, Budin SB, Taib IS
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Mar 28;24(7).
    PMID: 37047305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076335
    Previous research reported that prolonged benzene exposure during in utero fetal development causes greater fetal abnormalities than in adult-stage exposure. This phenomenon increases the risk for disease development at the fetal stage, particularly carcinogenesis, which is mainly associated with hematological malignancies. Benzene has been reported to potentially act via multiple modes of action that target the hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) niche, a complex microenvironment in which HSCs and multilineage hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside. Oxidative stress, chromosomal aberration and epigenetic modification are among the known mechanisms mediating benzene-induced genetic and epigenetic modification in fetal stem cells leading to in utero carcinogenesis. Hence, it is crucial to monitor exposure to carcinogenic benzene via environmental, occupational or lifestyle factors among pregnant women. Benzene is a well-known cause of adult leukemia. However, proof of benzene involvement with childhood leukemia remains scarce despite previously reported research linking incidences of hematological disorders and maternal benzene exposure. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has shown that maternal benzene exposure is able to alter the developmental and functional properties of HSPCs, leading to hematological disorders in fetus and children. Since HSPCs are parental blood cells that regulate hematopoiesis during the fetal and adult stages, benzene exposure that targets HSPCs may induce damage to the population and trigger the development of hematological diseases. Therefore, the mechanism of in utero carcinogenicity by benzene in targeting fetal HSPCs is the primary focus of this review.
  20. Fulltext Low-dose Nicotine Exposure Induced the Oxidative Damage of Reproductive Organs and Altered the Sperm Characteristics of Adolescent Male Rats
    Budin SB, Kho JH, Lee JH, Ramalingam A, Jubaidi FF, Latif ES, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Dec;24(6):50-57.
    PMID: 29379386 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.6.6
    Background: Nicotine is a major toxic and hazardous component of cigarette smoke, and it has been widely used in nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). This study was aimed to investigate the effects of chronic low-dose nicotine on sperm characteristics and reproductive organ integrity in adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats.

    Methods: Twelve rats were equally divided into two groups. Group I received normal saline, and group II received 0.6 mg/kg body weight nicotine intraperitoneally for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the experimental period, sperm was collected for sperm characteristic evaluation, and the testes and prostate were isolated for biochemical and morphological analysis. The effects of nicotine on the body and reproductive organ weights of the animals were evaluated.

    Results: Chronic nicotine treatment significantly (P < 0.05) altered the sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology, and remarkably increased the malondialdehyde (P < 0.001) and advanced oxidation protein product (P < 0.05) levels in the testes and prostate of nicotine-treated group compared to control group. Moreover, nicotine caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the superoxide dismutase activity of the testes. No significant differences were observed in the reduced glutathione level in both of the testes and prostate of nicotine group compared with control group. Nicotine also induced histopathological alteration in the testes.

    Conclusion: A low-dose nicotine exposure at 0.6 mg/kg caused detrimental effects on sperm characteristics and induced oxidative stress in the testes and prostate.

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