MATERIALS AND METHODS: The type of research was a retrospective study with a total sample of 174 CRS patients who had undergone culture and sensitivity tests. The study population was all CRS patients who were treated at the ENT-HNS outward department at RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang from 2016 to 2021, underwent surgery and received antibiotic treatment at secondary health services. Antibiotic sensitivity cultures are required for surgery and to determine antibiotics use after surgery. This research was conducted from February to May at the Tertiary Hospital of Dr. M. Djamil Padang. The data collection technique used a total sampling technique. The sample in this study was taken from the medical records of patients at the ENT-HNS outward department of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang.
RESULTS: The results showed that the prevalence of CRS with polyps before COVID-19 was 63.8% of cases. After COVID- 19, the prevalence of CRS with polyps was found to be 60% of cases. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, CRS was most common among those aged ≥ 41 to 50 years (27%) and the most common bacteria causing CRS with or without polyps was Staphylococcus aureus (39%; 44%). The bacteria causing CRS with or without polyps after COVID-19 were mostly Staphylococcus epidermidis (50% of cases). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid had a high resistance of 75 to 100%, however, after COVID-19 there was a change in antibiotic resistance patterns and an increase in ciprofloxacin resistance of 56 to 100% was obtained.
CONCLUSION: This change in antibiotic resistance pattern needs attention to prevent drug resistance, especially after COVID-19.
Methods: Participants were selected via stratified sampling. Participants completed an online questionnaire comprising demographic details and the Health Professional Stress Inventory. Scores on each domain and the aggregate scores were compared between physicians in public and private hospitals using a univariate analysis adjusted for potential confounders.
Results: The overall stress level between physicians in public and private hospitals was similar. However, physicians in private hospitals experienced a higher stress level related to patient care responsibilities and professional uncertainty as compared to those in public hospitals.
Conclusion: Physicians from private hospitals experience stress in different aspects of their profession as compared to physicians in public hospitals, especially with reference to patient care and career uncertainty. Measures should be taken to relieve the stress of physicians and thus improve their wellbeing.
METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from sheep and goats (n = 180). Microscopically positive samples were subjected to DNA extraction followed by PCR using species-specific primers.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of H. contortus was 25.55% in small ruminants. The prevalence of H. contortus was significantly associated with months and area. The highest occurrence of haemonchosis was documented in July (38.70%), whereas the lowest occurred in December (11.11%), with significant difference. The prevalence was highest in the Ghamkol camp (29.4%) and lowest in the arid zone of the Small Ruminant Research Institute (17.5%) (p = 0.01). The results of the systematic review revealed the highest prevalence of haemonchosis (34.4%) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (p = 0.001).
DISCUSSION: Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between H. contortus and isolates from Asia (China, India, Iran, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Mongolia) and European countries (Italy and the United Kingdom). It has been concluded that H. contortus is prevalent in small ruminants of Kohat district and all over Pakistan, which could be a potential threat to food-producing animals, farmers, dairy, and the meat industry. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that H. contortus isolates share close phylogenetic relationships with species from Asia and Europe.
Methods: Males were fed one of two diets in this study: experimental extract of Eurycoma longifolia (MSAs) and sugar only (MSOs). Differences in life span, courtship latency, copulation activity and mating success were examined between the two groups.
Results: No deaths occurred among MSA and MSO males. Life span of MSOs was similar to that of MSAs. The courtship latency of MSAs was shorter than that of MSOs (P<0.01). MSAs had greater copulation success than MSOs (P<0.001). In all female treatments, MSAs mated more than MSOs, but the differences in rate were significant only in the highest female density (P<0.05). In MSAs, mating success varied significantly with female density (P<0.01), with the 20-female group (P<0.01) having the lowest rate. Single MSA had better mating success at the two lowest female densities. In MSOs, there were no significant differences in mating success rate between the different female densities.
Interpretation & conclusions: Our results suggested that the herbal aphrodisiac, E. longifolia, stimulated the sexual activity of Ae. aegypti and may be useful for improving the mating competitiveness of sterile males, thus improving SIT programmes.