Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 135 in total

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  1. Fulltext Development of Nano-SiO2 and Bentonite-Based Mortars for Corrosion Protection of Reinforcing Steel
    Karunarathne VK, Paul SC, Šavija B
    Materials (Basel), 2019 Aug 17;12(16).
    PMID: 31426501 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162622
    In this study, the use of nano-silica (nano-SiO2) and bentonite as mortar additives for combating reinforcement corrosion is reported. More specifically, these materials were used as additives in ordinary Portland cement (OPC)/fly ash blended mortars in different amounts. The effects of nano-silica and bentonite addition on compressive strength of mortars at different ages was tested. Accelerated corrosion testing was used to assess the corrosion resistance of reinforced mortar specimens containing different amounts of nano-silica and bentonite. It was found that the specimens containing nano-SiO2 not only had higher compressive strength, but also showed lower steel mass loss due to corrosion compared to reference specimens. However, this was accompanied by a small reduction in workability (for a constant water to binder ratio). Mortar mixtures with 4% of nano-silica were found to have optimal performance in terms of compressive strength and corrosion resistance. Control specimens (OPC/fly ash mortars without any additives) showed low early age strength and low corrosion resistance compared to specimens containing nano-SiO2 and bentonite. In addition, samples from selected mixtures were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Finally, the influence of Ca/Si ratio of the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) in different specimens on the compressive strength is discussed. In general, the study showed that the addition of nano-silica (and to a lesser extent bentonite) can result in higher strength and corrosion resistance compared to control specimens. Furthermore, the addition of nano-SiO2 can be used to offset the negative effect of fly ash on early age strength development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  2. Mechanical and microarchitectural analyses of cancellous bone through experiment and computer simulation
    Syahrom A, Abdul Kadir MR, Abdullah J, Öchsner A
    Med Biol Eng Comput, 2011 Dec;49(12):1393-403.
    PMID: 21947767 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-011-0833-0
    The relationship between microarchitecture to the failure mechanism and mechanical properties can be assessed through experimental and computational methods. In this study, both methods were utilised using bovine cadavers. Twenty four samples of cancellous bone were extracted from fresh bovine and the samples were cleaned from excessive marrow. Uniaxial compression testing was performed with displacement control. After mechanical testing, each specimen was ashed in a furnace. Four of the samples were exemplarily scanned using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and three dimensional models of the cancellous bones were reconstructed for finite element simulation. The mechanical properties and the failure modes obtained from numerical simulations were then compared to the experiments. Correlations between microarchitectural parameters to the mechanical properties and failure modes were then made. The Young's modulus correlates well with the bone volume fraction with R² = 0.615 and P value 0.013. Three different types of failure modes of cancellous bone were observed: oblique fracture (21.7%), perpendicular global fracture (47.8%), and scattered localised fracture (30.4%). However, no correlations were found between the failure modes to the morphological parameters. The percentage of error between computer predictions and the actual experimental test was from 6 to 12%. These mechanical properties and information on failure modes can be used for the development of synthetic cancellous bone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength/physiology
  3. Fulltext Properties of laterite brick reinforced with oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres
    Sallehan Ismail, Zaiton Yaacob
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(1):33-43.
    MyJurnal
    The development of a new, low-cost building material that is composed of non-fired, pressed laterite bricks incorporating oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibre was investigated in this study. The main aim of this research was to study the physical and mechanical properties of laterite brick reinforced with OPEFB fibre, including dimensions, weight, density, water absorption and compressive strength. The tests were carried out according to BS 3921:1985 for water absorption and compressive strength tests. The mix proportion of the control bricks was 70% soil, 24% sand, and 6% cement. Meanwhile, the OPEFB fibre contents ranged from 1% to 5% by weight of cement. The specimens were taken from a total of 120 bricks. The findings withdrawn from this research were: firstly, the density of laterite bricks was decreased with the increase in the OPEFB fibre content of the bricks. Secondly, it was found that the addition of the OPEFB fibres improved the compressive strength of the bricks, and the maximum compressive strength determined in this study for bricks was with 3% fibre content. Finally, the water absorption results indicated a small increase in water absorption with the increase in the OPEFB fibre content in laterite bricks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  4. Fulltext Effect of slurries density on the properties of ceramic foam produced via polymer replication method
    Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor, Lee, Chain Hong, Hazizan Md. Akil, Zainal Arifin Ahmad
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2007;2005(1):35-41.
    MyJurnal
    Ceramic foams are a class of high porosity materials that are used or being considered for a wide range of technological applications. Ceramic foam was produce by polymer replication method. In this process, commercial polymeric sponge was use as template, dipping with ceramic particles slurry, drying and then sintered to yield a replica of the original foams. The study was focus on the fabrication of different density of ceramic foams by varying the density of ceramic slurries (1.1876, 1.2687, 1.3653 and 1.5295 g/cm3). Properties of ceramic foam produced such as density was characterized accordingly to ASTM C 271-94 and porosity were characterized using Archimedes methods. Compressive and bending strength was performed accordingly to ASTM C1161-94 and C773-88 (1999), respectively. The morphological study was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDX. Density of ceramic foams produced was about 0.5588 and 1.1852 g/cm3, where as porosity was around 26.28 and 70.59 %. Compressive and bending strength was increase from strength also increases from 2.60 to 23.07 MPa and 1.20 to 11.10 MPa, respectively, with increasing of slurries density from 1.1876 to 1.3653 g/cm3. The SEM micrographs show that the cells structure become denser as the slurries density increased. EDX proved that the ceramic used is porcelain. As a conclusion, increasing in slurries density produced ceramic foams with good mechanical properties such as compressive and bending strength and denser body.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  5. Fulltext Effects of Medium Temperature and Industrial By-Products on the Key Hardened Properties of High Performance Concrete
    Safiuddin M, Raman SN, Zain MFM
    Materials (Basel), 2015 Dec 10;8(12):8608-8623.
    PMID: 28793732 DOI: 10.3390/ma8125464
    The aim of the work reported in this article was to investigate the effects of medium temperature and industrial by-products on the key hardened properties of high performance concrete. Four concrete mixes were prepared based on a water-to-binder ratio of 0.35. Two industrial by-products, silica fume and Class F fly ash, were used separately and together with normal portland cement to produce three concrete mixes in addition to the control mix. The properties of both fresh and hardened concretes were examined in the laboratory. The freshly mixed concrete mixes were tested for slump, slump flow, and V-funnel flow. The hardened concretes were tested for compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity after exposing to 20, 35 and 50 °C. In addition, the initial surface absorption and the rate of moisture movement into the concretes were determined at 20 °C. The performance of the concretes in the fresh state was excellent due to their superior deformability and good segregation resistance. In their hardened state, the highest levels of compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity were produced by silica fume concrete. In addition, silica fume concrete showed the lowest level of initial surface absorption and the lowest rate of moisture movement into the interior of concrete. In comparison, the compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, initial surface absorption, and moisture movement rate of silica fume-fly ash concrete were close to those of silica fume concrete. Moreover, all concretes provided relatively low compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity when they were exposed to 50 °C. However, the effect of increased temperature was less detrimental for silica fume and silica fume-fly ash concretes in comparison with the control concrete.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  6. Fulltext Effects of oil palm shell coarse aggregate species on high strength lightweight concrete
    Yew MK, Bin Mahmud H, Ang BC, Yew MC
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:387647.
    PMID: 24982946 DOI: 10.1155/2014/387647
    The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different species of oil palm shell (OPS) coarse aggregates on the properties of high strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC). Original and crushed OPS coarse aggregates of different species and age categories were investigated in this study. The research focused on two OPS species (dura and tenera), in which the coarse aggregates were taken from oil palm trees of the following age categories (3-5, 6-9, and 10-15 years old). The results showed that the workability and dry density of the oil palm shell concrete (OPSC) increase with an increase in age category of OPS species. The compressive strength of specimen CD3 increases significantly compared to specimen CT3 by 21.8%. The maximum achievable 28-day and 90-day compressive strength is 54 and 56 MPa, respectively, which is within the range for 10-15-year-old crushed dura OPS. The water absorption was determined to be within the range for good concrete for the different species of OPSC. In addition, the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) results showed that the OPS HSLWC attain good condition at the age of 3 days.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  7. Fulltext Performance of Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete Incorporating Bamboo Ash at Elevated Temperature
    Ishak S, Lee HS, Singh JK, Ariffin MAM, Lim NHAS, Yang HM
    Materials (Basel), 2019 Oct 17;12(20).
    PMID: 31627479 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203404
    This paper presents the experimental results on the behavior of fly ash geopolymer concrete incorporating bamboo ash on the desired temperature (200 °C to 800 °C). Different amounts of bamboo ash were investigated and fly ash geopolymer concrete was considered as the control sample. The geopolymer was synthesized with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. Ultrasonic pulse velocity, weight loss, and residual compressive strength were determined, and all samples were tested with two different cooling approaches i.e., an air-cooling (AC) and water-cooling (WC) regime. Results from these tests show that with the addition of 5% bamboo ash in fly ash, geopolymer exhibited a 5 MPa (53%) and 5.65 MPa (66%) improvement in residual strength, as well as 940 m/s (76%) and 727 m/s (53%) greater ultrasonic pulse velocity in AC and WC, respectively, at 800 °C when compared with control samples. Thus, bamboo ash can be one of the alternatives to geopolymer concrete when it faces exposure to high temperatures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  8. The effect of waterborne epoxy resin emulsion on the physical properties of oil well cement
    Tang X, Yang Y, Xie Y
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1543-1550.
    The main objective of this work was to investigate the influence of waterborne epoxy resin emulsion (WER) on the physical properties of oil well cement slurries. Cement slurries containing 5%, 10% and 15% of WER bwoc were compared with WER-free slurries. The rheological behavior was carried out according to API standard. Uniaxial compressive strength and shear bond strength of cement stone were evaluated at the ages of 24, 48 and 72 h. The experimental results illustrate that the addition of WER does not alter the rheological behavior. The addition of WER has increased the shear bond strength almost 52% at 24 h of aging for 10% WER bwoc when compared with unmodified slurry. The enhancement on shear bond strength was attributed to the mechanical anchoring and resin film forming at the interface
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  9. Fulltext Effects of surfactants on the properties of mortar containing styrene/methacrylate superplasticizer
    Negim el-S, Kozhamzharova L, Khatib J, Bekbayeva L, Williams C
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:942978.
    PMID: 24955426 DOI: 10.1155/2014/942978
    The physical and mechanical properties of mortar containing synthetic cosurfactants as air entraining agent are investigated. The cosurfactants consist of a combination of 2% dodecyl benzene sodium sulfonate (DBSS) and either 1.5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or 1.5% polyoxyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (POE). Also these cosurfactants were used to prepare copolymers latex: styrene/butyl methacrylate (St/BuMA), styrene/methyl methacrylate (St/MMA), and styrene/glycidyl methacrylate (St/GMA), in order to study their effects on the properties of mortar. The properties of mortar examined included flow table, W/C ratio, setting time, water absorption, compressive strength, and combined water. The results indicate that the latex causes improvement in mortar properties compared with cosurfactants. Also polymer latex containing DBSS/POE is more effective than that containing DBSS/PVA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  10. Fulltext Effect of Polymethylmethacrylate-Hydroxyapatite Composites on Callus Formation and Compressive Strength in Goat Vertebral Body
    Komang-Agung IS, Hydravianto L, Sindrawati O, William PS
    Malays Orthop J, 2018 Nov;12(3):6-13.
    PMID: 30555640 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1811.002
    Introduction: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) is one of the available treatments for vertebral compression fracture (VCF). Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the most common bone substitute used in the procedure, but it has several disadvantages. Bioceramic material, such as hydroxyapatite (HA), has better biological activity compared to PMMA. The aim of this study was to find an optimal biomaterial compound which offers the best mechanical and biological properties to be used in PV. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study with goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) as an animal model. The animals' vertebral columns were injected with PMMA-HA compound. Animal samples were divided into four groups, and each group received a different proportion of PMMA:HA compound. The mechanical and biological effects of the compound on the bone were then analysed. The mechanical effect was assessed by measuring the vertebral body's compressive strength. Meanwhile, the biological effect was assessed by analysing the callus formation in the vertebral body. Results: The optimal callus formation and compressive strength was observed in the group receiving PMMA:HA with a 1:2 ratio. Conclusion: A mixture of PMMA and HA increases the quality of callus formation and the material's compressive strength. The optimum ratio of PMMA:HA in the compound is 1:2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  11. Biomechanical characterisation of ovine spinal facet joint cartilage
    Abd Latif MJ, Jin Z, Wilcox RK
    J Biomech, 2012 May 11;45(8):1346-52.
    PMID: 22483055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.03.015
    The spinal facet joints are known to be an important component in the kinematics and the load transmission of the spine. The articular cartilage in the facet joint is prone to degenerative changes which lead to back pain and treatments for the condition have had limited long term success. There is currently a lack of information on the basic biomechanical properties of the facet joint cartilage which is needed to develop tissue substitution or regenerative interventions. In the present study, the thickness and biphasic properties of ovine facet cartilage were determined using a combination of indentation tests and computational modelling. The equilibrium biphasic Young's modulus and permeability were derived to be 0.76±0.35 MPa and 1.61±1.10×10⁻¹⁵ m⁴/(Ns) respectively, which were within the range of cartilage properties characterised from the human synovial joints. The average thickness of the ovine facet cartilage was 0.52±0.10 mm, which was measured using a needle indentation test. These properties could potentially be used for the development of substitution or tissue engineering interventions and for computational modelling of the facet joint. Furthermore, the developed method to characterise the facet cartilage could be used for other animals or human donors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength/physiology
  12. Fulltext Properties of Foamed Mortar Prepared with Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag
    Zhao X, Lim SK, Tan CS, Li B, Ling TC, Huang R, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2015 Jan 30;8(2):462-473.
    PMID: 28787950 DOI: 10.3390/ma8020462
    Foamed mortar with a density of 1300 kg/m³ was prepared. In the initial laboratory trials, water-to-cement (w/c) ratios ranging from 0.54 to 0.64 were tested to determine the optimal value for foamed mortar corresponding to the highest compressive strength without compromising its fresh state properties. With the obtained optimal w/c ratio of 0.56, two types of foamed mortar were prepared, namely cement-foamed mortar (CFM) and slag-foamed mortar (SFM, 50% cement was replaced by slag weight). Four different curing conditions were adopted for both types of foamed mortar to assess their compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and thermal insulation performance. The test results indicated that utilizing 50% of slag as cement replacement in the production of foamed mortar improved the compressive strength, UPV and thermal insulation properties. Additionally, the initial water curing of seven days gained higher compressive strength and increased UPV values as compared to the air cured and natural weather curing samples. However, this positive effect was more pronounced in the case of compressive strength than in the UPV and thermal conductivity of foamed mortar.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  13. Surface properties of Indonesian-made narrow dynamic compression plates
    Dewo P, Sharma PK, van der Tas HF, van der Houwen EB, Timmer M, Magetsari R, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:21-2.
    PMID: 19024964
    The enormous need of orthopaedic (surgical) implants such as osteosynthesis plates is difficult to be fulfilled in developing countries commonly rely on imported ones. One of the alternatives is utilization of local resources, but only after they have been proven safe to use, to overcome this problem. Surface properties are some of the determining factors of safety for those implants. We have succeeded in developing prototype of osteosynthesis plate and the results indicate that Indonesian-made plates need improvement with regards to the surface quality of physical characterization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  14. Minimum level of jumping exercise required to maintain exercise-induced bone gains in female rats
    Ooi FK, Singh R, Singh HJ, Umemura Y
    Osteoporos Int, 2009 Jun;20(6):963-72.
    PMID: 18839049 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-008-0760-6
    SUMMARY: This study determines the minimum level of exercise required to maintain 8 weeks of jumping exercise-induced bone gains in rats. It was found that the minimum level of exercise required for maintaining the different exercise-induced bone gains varied between 11% and 18% of the initial exercise intensity.

    INTRODUCTION: This study ascertains the minimum level of follow-up exercise required to maintain bone gains induced by an 8-week jumping exercise in rats.

    METHODS: Twelve groups of 12-week old rats (n = 10 rats per group) were given either no exercise for 8 (8S) or 32 weeks (32S), or received 8 weeks of standard training program (8STP) that consisted of 200 jumps per week, given at 40 jumps per day for 5 days per week, followed by 24 weeks of exercise at loads of either 40 or 20 or 10 jumps per day, for either 5, or 3, or 1 day/week. Bone mass, strength, and morphometric properties were measured in the right tibia. Data were analyzed using one-way analyses of variance.

    RESULTS: Bone mass, strength, mid-shaft periosteal perimeter and cortical area were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the rats given 8STP than that in the 8S group. The minimal level of exercise required to maintain the bone gains was 31, 36, 25, and 21 jumps per week for mass, strength, periosteal perimeter and cortical area, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: Eight weeks of jumping exercise-induced bone gains could be maintained for a period of 24 weeks with follow-up exercise consisting of 11% to 18% of the initial exercise load.

    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength/physiology
  15. Fulltext Effects of Modified Metakaolin Using Nano-Silica on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Concrete
    Shafiq N, Kumar R, Zahid M, Tufail RF
    Materials (Basel), 2019 Jul 17;12(14).
    PMID: 31319615 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142291
    This paper discussed the effects of modified metakaolin (MK) with nano-silica (NS) on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. In the first phase, trial mixes of concrete were prepared for achieving the desired value of the 28 days compressive strength, and the charge passed in rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT). In the second phase, statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results using the response surface method (RSM). The RSM was applied for optimizing the mix proportions for the required performance by exploiting the relationship between the mix characteristics and the corresponding test results. A blend of 10% MK + 1% NS as part of cement replacement exhibited the highest mechanical properties and durability characteristics of concrete; concrete mix showed that the 28-days compressive strength (CS) was 103 MPa, which was 15% greater than the CS of the control mix without MK or NS. The same mix showed more than 40% higher flexural and split-tensile strength than the control mix; also it resulted in a reduction of 73% in the rapid chloride permeability value. ANOVA technique was used for optimizing the nano-silica and metakaolin content for achieving maximum compressive strength and minimum RCPT value. Statistical analysis using ANOVA technique showed that the maximum compressive strength and lowest RCPT value could be achieved with a blend of 10% MK and 1.55% NS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  16. Enhancement of high temperature performance of cement blocks via CO2 curing
    Meng Y, Ling TC, Mo KH, Tian W
    Sci Total Environ, 2019 Jun 25;671:827-837.
    PMID: 30947055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.411
    Carbonation for the curing of cement-based materials has been gaining increased attention in recent years, especially in light of emerging initiatives to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Carbonation method or CO2 curing is founded on the basis of the reaction between CO2 and cement products to form thermally stable and denser carbonate, which not only improves the physical and mechanical properties of cement-based materials, but also has the ability to utilize and store CO2 safely and permanently. This study aims to assess the effect of CO2 curing technology on the high-temperatures performance of cement blocks. Upon molding, dry-mix cement blocks were cured under statically accelerated carbonation condition (20% CO2 concentration with 70% relative humidity) for 28 days, followed by exposure to elevated temperatures of 300 °C to 800 °C in order to comprehensively study the principal phase changes and decompositions of cement hydrates. The results indicated that CO2 curing improved the performance of cement blocks, such as enhancement in the residual compressive strength and reducing the sorptivity. At 600 °C, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a denser microstructure while thermal analisis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also clearly demonstrated that higher amounts of calcium carbonate were present in the cement blocks after CO2 curing, suggesting better high-temperature performance compared to natural cured cement blocks. In general, an improved high-temperature performance, specifically at 600 °C of the dry-mixed cement blocks was demonstrated by adopting the CO2 curing technology. This confirms the potential of utilizing CO2 curing technology in not only improving quality of cement blocks, new avenue for storing of CO2 in construction material can be realized at the same time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  17. Solidification and stabilization of fly ash from mixed hazardous waste incinerator using ordinary Portland cement
    Pariatamby A, Subramaniam C, Mizutani S, Takatsuki H
    Environ Sci, 2006;13(5):289-96.
    PMID: 17096003
    Fly ash samples from a mixed hazardous waste (MHW) incinerator were subjected to solidification and stabilization (S/S) studies using ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as the binder. Additives (i.e., activated carbon and rice husk) were also homogenized with the binder and waste to determine the effectiveness of the immobilization of heavy metals. The toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), Japanese Leaching Test (JLT-13) and the American Nuclear Test 16.1 (modified) ANS 16.1 were used to gauge the leaching of heavy metals from the solidified matrixes. Compressibility strength of the solidified matrixes was also tested using the American Standard Testing Material (ASTM) test procedure for the compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  18. Effect of torsional loading on compressive fatigue behaviour of trabecular bone
    Fatihhi SJ, Rabiatul AA, Harun MN, Kadir MR, Kamarul T, Syahrom A
    J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2016 Feb;54:21-32.
    PMID: 26410762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.09.006
    The present study reports the effects of combined torsional and compressive cyclic loading on trabecular bone in order to mimic true physiological conditions and thereby provides improved data that represents clinical and real life conditions. However, only compressive behaviour is evaluated in most previous studies of bone mechanics. From the monotonic evaluation, it is observed that lower stress is needed for the onset of microcrack in the sample under torsional loading, compared to the stress needed in compression. Trabecular bone samples were subjected to a combination of torsion and compression fatigue at different stress levels during which they were compared to compressive axial fatigue. The stress levels were determined by considering the monotonic strength at 25-50% for both compressive and shear stresses. Significant decrease in fatigue lifetime is observed in between samples of pure compression fatigue and those with superpositioned torsional loading (p<0.05). The reduction in fatigue lifetime became more evident at a high torsional stress level. In this case, the failure of the sample is said to be 'torsional dominant'. Fatigue behaviour of bovine trabecular bone begins with plastic deformation, followed by strain accumulation and modulus reduction. As the strain rate increases, more energy dissipates and the sample finally failed. Further, the analysis of fractograph revealed something on the trabeculae by bending in sample with superpositioned torsional loading. In conclusion, torsional loading decreases the quality of the trabecular properties in terms of stiffness, life and structural integrity. It is hoped that results from this study will improve the understanding of the behaviour of trabecular bone under combined fatigue and help to develop future assessments of trabecular failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength*
  19. Fulltext Image Analysis of Surface Porosity Mortar Containing Processed Spent Bleaching Earth
    Wei Chong B, Othman R, Jaya RP, Shu Ing D, Li X, Wan Ibrahim MH, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2021 Mar 28;14(7).
    PMID: 33800634 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071658
    Image analysis techniques are gaining popularity in the studies of civil engineering materials. However, the current established image analysis methods often require advanced machinery and strict image acquisition procedures which may be challenging in actual construction practices. In this study, we develop a simplified image analysis technique that uses images with only a digital camera and does not have a strict image acquisition regime. Mortar with 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% pozzolanic material as cement replacement are prepared for the study. The properties of mortar are evaluated with flow table test, compressive strength test, water absorption test, and surface porosity based on the proposed image analysis technique. The experimental results show that mortar specimens with 20% processed spent bleaching earth (PSBE) achieve the highest 28-day compressive strength and lowest water absorption. The quantified image analysis results show accurate representation of mortar quality with 20% PSBE mortar having the lowest porosity. The regression analysis found strong correlations between all experimental data and the compressive strength. Hence, the developed technique is verified to be feasible as supplementary mortar properties for the study of mortar with pozzolanic material.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
  20. Recent development on porous calcium phosphate ceramics for biomedical application
    Sopyan I
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:14-5.
    PMID: 19024961
    Porous calcium phosphate ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery. In bone tissue engineering it has been applied as filling material for bone defects and augmentation, artificial bone graft material, and prosthesis revision surgery. Their high surface area leads to excellent osteoconductivity and resorbability providing fast bone ingrowths. Porous calcium phosphate can be produced by a variety of methods. This paper discusses briefly fundamental aspects of porous calcium phosphate for biomedical applications as well as various techniques used to prepare porous calcium phosphate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Compressive Strength
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