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Fulltext 'Her shape' intervention programme for obese women with high breast adiposity

Juliana N, Shahar S, Sahar MA, Ghazali AR, Manaf ZA, Noah RM

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2017 Mar;26(2):278-286.
PMID: 28244706 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.122015.05

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nutrition and physical activity interventions is beneficial in reversing obesity. However far too little attention has been paid to the effect of these interventions on breast tissues. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the effect of a home-based dietary and physical activity intervention (the Her Shape Program) on metabolic parameters, blood biomarkers and adiposity at the breast.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled study was conducted on obese women with high breast adiposity (<0.1 Sm-1), aged 40-60 years in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Subjects were assigned to intervention (n=16) and control group (n=15). Intervention group received a home based health education package with close monitoring weekly, personal diet consultation and physical training in group. Assessment was ascertained at three time points; baseline, weeks 8 and 16. Outcome measures were the energy intake, physical activity, body composition, blood tests, blood biomarkers and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) quantitative values. Analyses were done using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: All subjects completed the program without any drop-out. The HSI group had 100% compliance towards the intervention program; their energy intake was reduced for approximately 35% and their activity score was increased for approximately 11%. A significant interaction effect was found in body weight, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol/HDL, vitamin C intake and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) (p<0.05). Interestingly, their EIT extremum values were also significantly increased indicating a reduction of breast adiposity. The intervention program was successful in improving body composition, physical activities, MMP9 and breast adipose tissue composition.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext A Food Frequency Questionnaire for Hemodialysis Patients in Bangladesh (BDHD-FFQ): Development and Validation

Ahmed S, Rahman T, Ripon MSH, Rashid HU, Kashem T, Md Ali MS, et al.

Nutrients, 2021 Dec 17;13(12).
PMID: 34960076 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124521

Diet is a recognized risk factor and cornerstone for chronic kidney disease (CKD) management; however, a tool to assess dietary intake among Bangladeshi dialysis patients is scarce. This study aims to validate a prototype Bangladeshi Hemodialysis Food Frequency Questionnaire (BDHD-FFQ) against 3-day dietary recall (3DDR) and corresponding serum biomarkers. Nutrients of interest were energy, macronutrients, potassium, phosphate, iron, sodium and calcium. The BDHD-FFQ, comprising 132 food items, was developed from 606 24-h recalls and had undergone face and content validation. Comprehensive facets of relative validity were ascertained using six statistical tests (correlation coefficient, percent difference, paired t-test, cross-quartiles classification, weighted kappa, and Bland-Altman analysis). Overall, the BDHD-FFQ showed acceptable to good correlations (p < 0.05) with 3DDR for the concerned nutrients in unadjusted and energy-adjusted models, but this correlation was diminished when adjusted for other covariates (age, gender, and BMI). Phosphate and potassium intake, estimated by the BDHD-FFQ, also correlated well with the corresponding serum biomarkers (p < 0.01) when compared to 3DDR (p > 0.05). Cross-quartile classification indicated that <10% of patients were incorrectly classified. Weighted kappa statistics showed agreement with all but iron. Bland-Altman analysis showed positive mean differences were observed for all nutrients when compared to 3DDR, whilst energy, carbohydrates, fat, iron, sodium, and potassium had percentage data points within the limit of agreement (mean ± 1.96 SD), above 95%. In summary, the BDHD-FFQ demonstrated an acceptable relative validity for most of the nutrients as four out of the six statistical tests fulfilled the cut-off standard in assessing dietary intake of CKD patients in Bangladesh.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
A low-GI diet is associated with a short-term improvement of glycaemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes

Yusof BN, Talib RA, Kamaruddin NA, Karim NA, Chinna K, Gilbertson H

Diabetes Obes Metab, 2009 Apr;11(4):387-96.
PMID: 19175374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00984.x

AIMS: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of low glycaemic index (GI) vs. conventional carbohydrate exchange (CCE) dietary advice on glycaemic control and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS: A total of 104 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either a low GI (GI) or CCE dietary advice over a 12-week period. The primary end-point was glycaemic control as assessed by glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fructosamine level and plasma glucose. The secondary end-points were anthropometric measurements and metabolic parameters that include blood pressure, lipid profile and insulin levels. The oral antidiabetic medications remained unchanged throughout the duration of the study.
RESULTS: A low-GI diet was associated with significant changes in the fructosamine level (DeltaGI = -0.20 +/- 0.03; DeltaCCE = -0.08 +/- 0.03 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and waist circumference (DeltaGI group = -1.88 +/- 0.30 cm; DeltaCCE group: -0.36 +/- 0.4 cm, p < 0.05) at week 4. At week 12, the changes in fasting glucose (DeltaGI = -0.03 +/- 0.3; DeltaCCE = 0.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/l; p < 0.05) and waist circumference (DeltaGI = -2.35 +/- 0.47 cm; DeltaCCE group = -0.66 +/- 0.46 cm; p < 0.05) in the GI group was significantly lower than the CCE group. With the low-GI diet, the changes in postprandial glycaemia at time 0, 60, 150 and 180 min after consuming the standard test meal was lower than with the CCE diet (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the groups for the remaining parameters that were measured.
CONCLUSIONS: Use of a low-GI diet resulted in significant changes of serum fructosamine level, plasma glucose and waist circumference in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes over a 12-week period compared with those following a CCE diet. The effect on HbA1c and other metabolic parameters was not significantly different between the two study groups but the improvement within the GI group was more pronounced and of clinical benefit.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/physiology
Fulltext A mathematical model of healthy diet menu plan for MARA Junior Science College boarding schools

Nurly Diana Jalil, Maslin Masrom, Wan Normeza Wan Zakaria

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2017;33(1):8-14.
MyJurnal

Adolescents need more attention on eating habits as they go through a critical path
period of physical, physiological and psychological changes from children to adult.
Therefore, planning a proper healthy diet menu is important to adolescents to have
the sufficient nutrients for proper growth. However, manually plan healthy diet menu
is complicated, inefficient and time-consuming. The purpose of this study is to develop
a mathematical model of healthy diet menu plan that minimizes the daily fat intake
and meets the necessary nutrient intake for adolescents aged 13 between 17 years old
within the budget provided by Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) for Malaysia adolescent
in MARA Junior Science College (MJSC) boarding schools. Optimization approach and
binary integer programming method were used to address the diet problem in this
study. The finding of the study indicates that the developed mathematical model of
healthy diet menu plan for MJSC can generate menu plan that minimizes the total fat
intake at minimum level of requirement per day. This menu plan can be used as a
guideline for the management of the boarding schools to provide healthy diet meals
for their students.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext A multidimensional assessment of nutritional and health status of rural elderly Malays

Shahar S, Ibrahim Z, Fatah AR, Rahman SA, Yusoff NA, Arshad F, et al.

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2007;16(2):346-53.
PMID: 17468093

A multidimensional assessment of nutritional and health status comprised of subjective global assessment (SGA), anthropometry function, biochemistry, dietary intake, social and health aspects was carried out on 820 older people (52.8% men and 47.2% women) from four rural areas of Peninsular Malaysia. A proportion of the subjects had been classified as either overweight (25.7%) or chronic energy deficient (20.3%). Although 49% of subjects had normal body weight, 68.4% have been classified as having mild to moderate malnutrition according to the SGA. Only 1.1% and 2.3% had low serum albumin and ferritin, respectively. Almost 80% of subjects, especially men, were at high risk of cardiovascular diseases on the basis of the assessment of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. The majority of the subjects (87.2%) were fully independent in performing daily tasks, with men having a significantly higher score compared to women (p<0.001). However, men were less likely to be able to perform a flexibility test (50.7%) than were women (27.0%) (p<0.05). The mean energy intake for men (1412 +/- 461 kcal/d) and women (1201 +/- 392 kcal/d) were below the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for Malaysia, although this is a difficult assertion to make in an age-group which generally experiences declining energy expenditure. Moreover, 52.5% of men and 47.5% of women might have underreported their food intake. Dietary micronutrients most likely to be deficient were thiamin, riboflavin and calcium. It is concluded that a substantial proportion of rural elderly Malays had problems related to both undernutrition and overnutrition. An appropriate nutrition intervention program is needed to improve the nutritional status of rural elderly Malays.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/physiology*
Fulltext Acute moderate and high-intensity endurance exercise suppresses ad-libitum energy intake in obese males

Linoby, Adam, Muhammad Alif Nazrin Jumat, Ahmad Safwanudin Nordin, Nur Hidayah Asilah Za’don, Jamiaton Kusrin, Sharifah Maimunah Syed Mud Puad

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(1):279-292.
MyJurnal

High-intensity exercise acutely improves suppression of appetite in populations with normal body mass index (BMI). However, whether moderate intensity exercise (MIE) and high-intensity exercise (HIE) can elicit similar (or greater) appetite suppression effects for obese populations are still relatively unknown. The main aim is to investigate the acute effects of MIE and HIE on the appetite score, eating behaviour and blood glucose regulation among the obese population. Twelve obese participants (age: 20.8 ± 1 yr, BMI: 34.1 ± 3 kg·m-2, V̇o2max: 30.7 ± 3 ml·kg·min-1) were randomly allocated, in a crossover manner, with a 7-day interval in between (1) MIE (cycling at 60-75% HRmax), (2) HIE (cycling at 80-95% HRmax, 8-sec sprint x 12 sec rest) and (3) control (CON) condition after a 10-hr overnight fast. Physiological (fasting blood [glucose] and 24-hr calorie intake) and psychological responses (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, TFEQ-R18, and appetite score using Visual Analog Scale, VAS) were recorded prior to and after exercise interventions. Both MIE and HIE significantly reduced the calorie intake compared to CON (P0.05). A difference was found in fasting blood [glucose] level between trials in MIE (P0.05). In response to acute intervention, both MIE and HIE improved some psychological appetite score and attenuated daily energy consumption; these positive effects could benefit obese and diabetic populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Acute toxicity of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth standardized extract in Sprague Dawley rats

Abdullah NR, Ismail Z, Ismail Z

Phytomedicine, 2009 Mar;16(2-3):222-6.
PMID: 17498941

The acute toxicity of standardized extract of Orthosiphon stamineus was studied in Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were administered a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) orally on Day 0 and observed for 14 days. There were no deaths recorded and the animals did not show signs of toxicity during the experimental period. The effect of the extract on general behavior, BW, food and water intake, relative organ weight per 100 g BW, hematology and clinical biochemistry were measured. All the parameters measured were unaffected as compared to the control. The acute toxicity LD(50) was estimated to be > 5000 mg/kg BW.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/drug effects
Fulltext Addressing nutritional requirements of ageing consumers in Asia-recommendations from an expert workshop

Ong S, Woo J, Parikh P, Chan R, Sun J, Mun CY, et al.

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2019;28(2):204-213.
PMID: 31192548 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.201906_28(2).0001

The number of older persons in Asia is expected to triple by 2050. Ageing is associated with non-communicable chronic diseases, malnutrition, and geriatric syndromes, which influences the burden on the cost related to healthcare, health outcomes, and the quality of life. Experts in the field of older adult nutrition from Asia, Australia, and Europe were invited to participate in a two-day workshop to review the available data, current policies and programs for the ageing population in different countries of Asia to identify the gaps in knowledge and to develop recommendations for action. In Asia, most of the data pertaining to health status, nutritional status, and nutrient intake of the older persons were mainly obtained by conducting studies in nursing homes or hospitals and small cohort studies. There were limited country-specific data on this population. Moreover, the available data pertaining to different countries were difficult to compare due to differences in the reporting format and reference values used. Although nutrition initiatives and policies were realized and public education was conducted to support the older persons, most of these efforts targeted the general population rather than the older persons population segment. In healthcare management, a higher amount of education is required pertaining to the knowledge of nutritional requirements and appropriate feeding of the older persons to reduce underfeeding and its consequences. The expert group recommended the use of a systematic approach for reviewing data pertaining to different countries, initiatives, and programs to further evaluate the available data to underpin future research.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/physiology
Fulltext Adherence of Malaysian Adults' Energy and Macronutrient Intakes to National Recommendations: A Review and Meta-Analysis

Shahar S, Jan Bin Jan Mohamed H, de Los Reyes F, Amarra MS

Nutrients, 2018 Oct 28;10(11).
PMID: 30373303 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111584

The present study examined the best available evidence regarding energy and macronutrient intake during adulthood (age 19 to 59 years) in Malaysia and assessed whether intakes adhere to national recommendations, in order to develop recommendations for dietary improvement based on population consumption patterns. A literature review and meta-analysis evaluated intake based on the following characteristics, using information from food balance sheets, national surveys, and individual studies: (1) levels of intake, (2) proportion of the population whose diets adhere to/exceed/fail to meet Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) levels, and (3) sources of macronutrients observed in these studies. Food balance data suggested high levels of available energy, animal source protein, vegetable fat, and refined carbohydrates. Twenty studies (five nationwide, 15 individual) indicated that Malaysian adults generally met or exceeded recommendations for fat and protein, but were inconsistent with respect to energy and carbohydrates. Information on dietary sources was limited. Due to methodological limitations, insufficient evidence exists regarding energy and macronutrient intakes of Malaysian adults. Improved dietary assessment methods (including use of biomarkers), better data analysis, and updated food composition data, will provide more reliable information on which to base policy decisions and recommendations for improvement.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake*
Fulltext Amelioration of high-fat diet-induced obesity and its associated complications by a myricetin derivative-rich fraction from Syzygium malaccense in C57BL/6J mice

Nallappan D, Chua KH, Ong KC, Chong CW, Teh CSJ, Palanisamy UD, et al.

Food Funct, 2021 Jul 05;12(13):5876-5891.
PMID: 34019055 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00539a

Obesity is a driving factor in the onset of metabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the effects of the myricetin derivative-rich fraction (MD) from Syzygium malaccense leaf extract on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its associated complications and its influence on uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 6) and given a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce obesity. The HFD groups (continued with HFD) were administered 50 mg kg-1 MD (treatment), 50 mg kg-1 metformin (positive control) and normal saline (HFD and ND controls) daily for four weeks via oral gavage. The ten-week HFD-feeding resulted in hyperglycemia and elevated urinary oxidative indices. The subsequent MD administration caused significant weight reduction without appetite suppression and amelioration of insulin resistance, steatosis and dyslipidemia. Besides, MD significantly reduced lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyls in tissue homogenates and urine and elevated Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and thus, alleviated oxidative stress. The weight reduction was correlated with downregulation of inflammatory markers and the increased UCP-1 level, suggesting weight loss plausibly through thermogenesis. The Akkermansia genus (reflects improved metabolic status) in the HFD50 group was more abundant than that in the HFD group while the non-enzymatic antioxidant markers were strongly associated with UCP-1. In conclusion, MD ameliorates obesity and its related complications possibly via the upregulation of UCP-1 and increased abundance of Akkermansia genus and is promising as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Amino acid dosing in parenteral nutrition for very low birth weight preterm neonates: an outcome assessment

Kamarudin NA, Manan MM, Zulkifly HH, Neoh CF, Ali SM, Ming LC

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2016;25(1):53-61.
PMID: 26965762 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2016.25.2.02

This study aimed to investigate the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) administration of amino acids (AA) on physical changes among very low birth weight infants in a local hospital setting in Malaysia. A retrospective study was carried out at a hospital in Malaysia. Records of neonates prescribed PN in the neonatal unit in 2012 were screened for eligibility. A total of 199 premature neonates received PN support in the year 2012 and, of these, 100 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median value of AA intake on the first day of PN was 2.00 (<28 weeks group); 1.00 (28-31 weeks group) and 0.75 (>31 weeks group). Neonates in the <28 weeks group were more likely to receive AA at an earlier time and higher initial dose compared with the other age groups. The study also found that there was no statistically significant difference in the dose of AA on the first day of PN administration and that the significant variations in nutritional parameters among the subjects did not lead to differences in physical outcomes. This study identified that when PN is provided in the local hospital setting, it is likely that the current nutritional practices are inadequate to achieve the standard growth recommendations. Our findings call for a need to optimize AA and calorie intake since growth restriction is a morbidity which will affect the infants' growth and development. Current prescriptions for PN in this hospital need to be reviewed in order to improve patient outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Asperuloside Enhances Taste Perception and Prevents Weight Gain in High-Fat Fed Mice

Ishaq M, Tran D, Wu Y, Nowak K, Deans BJ, Xin JTZ, et al.

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2021;12:615446.
PMID: 33927690 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.615446

Asperuloside is an iridoid glycoside found in many medicinal plants that has produced promising anti-obesity results in animal models. In previous studies, three months of asperuloside administration reduced food intake, body weight, and adipose masses in rats consuming a high fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanisms by which asperuloside exerts its anti-obesity properties were not clarified. Here, we investigated homeostatic and nutrient-sensing mechanisms regulating food intake in mice consuming HFD. We confirmed the anti-obesity properties of asperuloside and, importantly, we identified some mechanisms that could be responsible for its therapeutic effect. Asperuloside reduced body weight and food intake in mice consuming HFD by 10.5 and 12.8% respectively, with no effect on mice eating a standard chow diet. Fasting glucose and plasma insulin were also significantly reduced. Mechanistically, asperuloside significantly reduced hypothalamic mRNA ghrelin, leptin, and pro-opiomelanocortin in mice consuming HFD. The expression of fat lingual receptors (CD36, FFAR1-4), CB1R and sweet lingual receptors (TAS1R2-3) was increased almost 2-fold by the administration of asperuloside. Our findings suggest that asperuloside might exert its therapeutic effects by altering nutrient-sensing receptors in the oral cavity as well as hypothalamic receptors involved in food intake when mice are exposed to obesogenic diets. This signaling pathway is known to influence the subtle hypothalamic equilibrium between energy homeostasis and reward-induced overeating responses. The present pre-clinical study demonstrated that targeting the gustatory system through asperuloside administration could represent a promising and effective new anti-obesity strategy.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/drug effects
Fulltext Assessment of nutrient intake in cleft lip and palate children after surgical correction

Gopinath VK

Malays J Med Sci, 2013 Oct;20(5):61-6.
PMID: 24643339 MyJurnal

This research aimed to compare the nutrient intake of children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with that of normal children (without CLP) in the same age groups. The study was conducted at the School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 139 children, of both sexes, from two to six years of age, either with CLP (40 children) or without CLP (99 children), were selected. The CLP and non-CLP children were grouped according to age, which is a key determinant of nutrient intake. Children in subgroup I were between the ages of 2 and 4 years, the group comprising 48 normal children of mean age 39.85 months (SD 7.1), and 20 CLP children of mean age 37.05 months (SD 5.9). Children in subgroup II were those over 4 years and up to 6 years old, and the group comprised 51 normal children, of mean age 64.16 months (SD 7.9), and 20 CLP children of mean age 56.75 months (SD 9.9). A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate nutrient intake in subgroups I and II, using a 24 hours diet recall method. The nutrient intake of CLP children was shown to have no significant differences from that of normal children. A comparison of intake per day with Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Malaysian children showed that the consumption of nutrients was inadequate in both the normal and CLP children, in both age sub-groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Association between Platescapes, Foodscapes, and Meal Energy Intake in Government Employees from Muar, Johor, Malaysia

Lim YJ, Jamaluddin R, Er YT

Nutrients, 2018 Jun 25;10(7).
PMID: 29941848 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070819

A microscale built environment was the focus in this cross-sectional study which aimed to investigate the associations between platescapes, foodscapes, and meal energy intake among subjects. A total of 133 subjects (54 male, 79 female) with mean age 36.8 ± 7.3 years completed a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, platescapes, and foodscape preferences. For platescapes, a plate mapping method was used, where subjects were required to place various sizes of food models on two different sized plates (23 cm and 28 cm) based on their preferences. For foodscape preferences, subjects were given a 23-cm plate and various food models differentiated by shapes and colours. Then, 24-h daily recalls (for one weekday and one weekend day) were obtained using interviews. Significant differences were observed in meal energy intake (p < 0.05) between males (1741 ± 339 kcal) and females (1625 ± 247 kcal) and also between age groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference (p < 0.0001) in terms of subjects’ meal energy intake when comparing 23-cm plates (419 ± 124 kcal) and 28-cm plates (561 ± 143 kcal). The bigger plate (28 cm) (p < 0.01) was significantly associated with subjects’ meal energy intakes, but this was not so for the 23-cm plate. There were significant differences in subjects’ meal energy when comparing white rice and multicoloured rice (p < 0.0001), unicoloured and multicoloured proteins (p < 0.0001), and unicoloured and multicoloured vegetables (p < 0.0001). There was a significant difference found between round- and cube-shaped proteins (p < 0.05). The colours of rice (p < 0.01), protein (p < 0.05), and vegetables (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with subjects’ meal energy. Only the shape of carrots in vegetables (p = 0.01) was significantly associated with subjects’ meal energy. Subconsciously, platescapes and foodscapes affect an individual’s energy intake, and thus these elements should be considered in assessing one’s dietary consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake*
Fulltext Association between home environment, dietary practice, and physical activity among primary school children in Selangor, Malaysia

Woon, F.C., Chin, Y.S., Kaartina, S., Fara Wahida, R., Hiew, C.C., Mohd Nasir, M.T.

Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(1):1-14.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The home environment plays an influential role in affecting dietary and physical activity practices of children. This study aimed to determine the association between the home environment, dietary practice and physical activity among primary school children in Selangor. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in five primary schools selected using multistage stratified sampling. A total of 293 children (32.8% males and 67.2% females) (mean age of 11.0±0.9 years) and their parents (10.7% fathers and 89.3% mothers) completed the study. Dietary practice of the children was assessed using a two-day dietary recall. Energy expenditure and physical activity of the children were assessed using a two-day physical activity recall. Parents of the children completed the Home Environment Survey (HES). Results: The mean energy intake of the children was 1765±416 kcal/day with 75.0% not achieving the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for energy. Almost all children (96.5%) were physically inactive, with a mean energy expenditure of 1269±342 kcal/day. High availability of fruit/vegetable at home was associated with high vegetable intake (r=0.128, p

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Association between nutrient adequacy and psychosocial factors with overall rate of weight loss after bariatric surgery

Vanoh D, Shahar S, Mahmood NR

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2015;24(4):610-9.
PMID: 26693745 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.4.11

This was a cross-sectional study that investigated the relationship between nutrient intake and psychosocial factors with the overall rate of weight loss after bariatric surgery among patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Forty-three subjects (15 men and 28 women) were recruited for this study. Subjects completed assessment questionnaires including the Binge Eating Scale (BES), Beck Depression Inventory (BECK), Family Support Questionnaires, and the Index of Peer Relation (IPR). Results showed that the median overall rate of weight loss was 4.3±5.5 kg/month, which was lower when compared to the rate of weight loss at three months which was 5.0±5.6 kg/month. Pre-operative weight was the predictor of overall rate of weight loss (p<0.05, R²=0.52). Binge eating disorder (BED) and depression were also closely associated with each other after bariatric surgery (p<0.001, R²=0.46). Subjects with good compliance to dietary advice had lower scores on the binge eating scale. The mean caloric and protein intake was very low, only 562±310 kcal/day and 29.6±16.1 g/day. The intake of vitamin A, B-1, B-2, B-3, B-12, C, folate, and iron met the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). However, the RNI for calcium, zinc, selenium, vitamin D, and vitamin E was not met. In conclusion, although bariatric surgery had many health benefits, several factors hindered weight loss after bariatric surgery. Health care professionals should closely monitor patients after bariatric surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Association between the school environment and children's body mass index in Terengganu: A cross sectional study

Wafa SW, Ghazalli R

PLoS One, 2020;15(4):e0232000.
PMID: 32330177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232000

With the on-going interest in implementing school policies to address the problem of childhood obesity in Malaysia, there is urgent need for information about the association between school environment and children's weight status. This study aims to investigate the association between school environmental factors (physical, economic, political and sociocultural) with BMI of school children in Terengganu. The school environment factors were assessed using a set of validated whole-school environmental mapping questionnaires, consisting of 76 criteria with four domains; physical environment (41 criteria), economic environment (nine criteria), political environment (nine criteria) and sociocultural environment (17 criteria). This involved face-to-face interview sessions with 32 teachers from 16 schools (eight rural and eight urban). In addition, 400 school children aged between 9 and 11 years of the selected schools were assessed for BMI (WHO 2007 reference chart), dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)) and physical activity level (physical activity questionnaire for children (PAQ-C)). Multiple regression was used to examine the association between school environment factors and BMI of the school children. Seven school environment criteria were found to be associated with BMI of school children when it was adjusted for calorie intake and physical activity level. About 33.4% of the variation in BMI of school children was explained by health professional involvement, simple exercise before class, encouragement to walk/ride bicycle to/from school, no high-calorie food sold, healthy options of foods and drinks at tuck shop, availability of policy on physical activity and training teacher as a role model. Policy makers should make urgent actions to address the obesogenic features of school environments. It should strive towards setting up healthy school environment and improving school curricula to promote healthy behaviours among the school children.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Association of bone mineral density to dietary intake and predictors of breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal Malaysian women

Norhayati Mohd Zain, Kanaga, Kumari Chelliah, Vengkatha, Priya Seriramulu, Shantini Arasaratnam, Poh, Bee Koon

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2017;15(22):137-144.
MyJurnal

Daily food intake of women may affect their bone health by altering their bone mineral density (BMD) as the lack of certain
nutrients may affect bone integrity whilst, BMD also can be a predictor of breast cancer. To date, many studies have been
conducted to discuss on association of BMD and mammographic breast density (MBD) and how both are related to breast
cancer risks but no consideration has been made on dietary intake. Therefore, this study was designed to determine
the association of dietary intake with BMD and other breast cancer risk factors. A cross-sectional study on 76 pre- and
postmenopausal women above 40 years underwent mammogram screening and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
was conducted in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) for the duration of 1 year. Purposive sampling method was used to choose
the respondents. Women who are diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent cancer treatment were excluded from this
study. DEXA unit (Hologic Discovery W, Hologic, Inc) were used to measure BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine in
grams per centimetre squared (g/cm2
) and they were classified into normal and abnormal group based on the T-scores.
The subjects were asked about their daily dietary pattern for a duration of three days using Diet History Questionnaire
(DHQ). The mean of selected characteristics were compared between groups. Additionally, binary logistic regression was
used to determine the association between diet intake with BMD and other risk factors of breast cancer. The total number
of pre- and postmenopausal women who consented to participate in this study are equal. The mean age was 47.1 years
and 54.9 years for premenopausal and postmenopausal women respectively. The results indicate only menopausal age of
the women was statistically significant (p < 0.05). A number of 17% premenopausal and 9% of postmenopausal women
showed to have family history of breast cancer, however, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.12). There was no
significant difference in daily energy intake of food in both groups (p = 0.22). None of the nutrients in daily food intake
showed to be statistically significant. Menstrual status showed an association with BMD with p < 0.05 and the remaining
risk factors did not show any association. Logistic regression revealed that only menstrual status had correlation with
BMD in both groups. This study provided the dietary pattern and the effects on bone health. The association of other risk
factors of breast cancer with BMD were also analysed and most of it showed a negative association.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Association of energy intake and physical activity with overweight among Indonesian children 6-12 years of age

Harahap H, Sandjaja S, Soekatri M, Khouw I, Deurenberg P

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2017 12 10;27(1):211-216.
PMID: 29222901 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.032017.05

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Indonesia is currently facing double burden malnutrition in children. As overweight and obesity are due to a disturbed energy balance, this study aimed to assess the association of total energy intake and physical activity with the prevalence of overweight among Indonesian children.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The data used for this analysis were from 1143 children, 6-12 years old, that participated in the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS). Physical activity (PA) was measured using pedometers for 2 consecutive days and was categorized low, moderate and high. Child nutritional status was categorized based on body mass index for age z-scores (BAZ) into normal weight (-2 SD ≤BAZ≤1 SD) or overweight (BAZ >1 SD). Energy intake was calculated from a one day 24 hour recall and compared to the Indonesian recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for energy.
RESULTS: Children with low PA had higher risk (ODDs 3.4, 95% CI: 2.0, 6.0) of being overweight compared to children who had high PA. Children with moderate PA and energy take >100% RDA had higher risk (ODDs 4.2, 95% CI 1.9, 9.3) of being overweight than children with high PA and energy intakes ≤100% RDA.
CONCLUSIONS: Low physical activity independently or moderate physical activity and high energy intake are risk factors for Indonesian children to get overweight. Program intervention such as increasing physical activity at school and home is needed to reduce overweight among children.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/physiology*
Association of melanocortin-4 receptor gene polymorphisms with obesity-related parameters in Malaysian Malays

Apalasamy YD, Ming MF, Rampal S, Bulgiba A, Mohamed Z

Ann Hum Biol, 2013 Jan;40(1):102-6.
PMID: 22989167 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.720709

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is an important regulator of body weight and energy intake. Genetic polymorphisms of the MC4R gene have been found to be linked to obesity in many recent studies across the globe.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/genetics*

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