Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 28 in total

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  1. Curcumin in a model skin lotion formulation
    Suhaimi H, Ahmad FB, Friberg SE
    J Pharm Sci, 1995 Mar;84(3):376-80.
    PMID: 7616381
    A lamellar liquid crystalline region was identified in a typical skin lotion formulation system composed of a mixture of isostearic acid and triethanolamine (TEA) at 65:35 (w/w), decane, and water (the temperature was controlled at 30 degrees C). The interlayer spacings were determined by a small-angle X-ray diffraction technique. Incorporation of a natural dye, curcumin, resulted in lower interlayer spacings and higher penetration of water into the layered structure. However, the higher penetration of water was not apparent at all compositions of isostearic acid:TEA, decane, and water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/chemistry*
  2. Determination of a new antimalarial drug, benflumetol, in blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography
    Mansor SM, Navaratnam V, Yahaya N, Nair NK, Wernsdorfer WH, Degen PH
    J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl, 1996 Jul 12;682(2):321-5.
    PMID: 8844426
    A rapid and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for determination of a new antimalarial drug (benflumetol, BFL) is described. After extraction with hexane-diethyl ether (70:30, v/v) from plasma, BFL was analysed using a C18 Partisil 10 ODS-3 reversed-phase stainless steel column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1 M ammonium acetate (90:10, v/v) adjusted to pH 4.9 with ultraviolet detection at 335 nm. The mean recovery of BFL over a concentration range of 50-400 ng/ml was 96.8 +/- 5.2%. The within-day and day-to-day coefficients of variation were 1.8-4.0 and 1.8-4.2%, respectively. The minimum detectable concentration in plasma for BFL was 5 ng/ml with a C.V. of less than 10%. This method was found to be suitable for clinical pharmacokinetic studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/blood*; Ethanolamines/pharmacokinetics
  3. Fulltext Changing paradigms in the treatment of asthma
    Loh LC
    Family Physician, 2005;13(3):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Significant changes have occurred in relation to how chronic asthma is being treated. Emphasis has now shifted from viewing asthma as a condition of smooth muscle dysfunction to one of chronic inflammation. As such, anti-inflammatory therapy forming the cornerstone of treatment represents the first important milestone in the evolution of asthma treatment. For this purpose, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is by far the most effective anti-inflammatory therapy. Another important milestone is the recognition of the superiority of adding long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) to ICS over escalating ICS dose alone or other forms of add-on therapies in treating asthmatic patients not responding to regular ICS alone. The effectiveness of adding LABA to ICS in treating asthma logically led to combining the two drugs into one single inhaler (salmeterol/fluticasone and budesonide/formoterol) that has the attractiveness of being user-friendly and ensuring that ICS is not missed out. The unique property of formoterol that allows for repetitive flexible dosing paved way to the concept of using Symbicort for both regular maintenance dosing and as required rescue medication. This revolutionary approach has been recently shown to provide improved asthma outcome, achieved at an overall lower or at least comparable corticosteroid intake, and may represent another evolutionary step in the treatment strategy of chronic asthma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines
  4. Fulltext Synthesis of silica fine particle by the addition of a non-ionic surfactant
    Mohd Nazri Idris, Hazizan Md. Akil, Zainal Arifin Ahmad
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2007;2005(1):29-33.
    MyJurnal
    Sodium silicate was used to synthesize silica fine particles at room temperature using non-ionic surfactant of triethanolamine (TEA), dissolution salt and precipitating agent. The experiments were conducted by different composition of precursor material, nonionic surfactant and dissolution salt concentrations through the sol-gel process. Various particle sizes in the range 100-300nm were synthesized. The particle size of silica powders were analyzed via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR). The result has demonstrated that the particle size can be controlled by changing the ratio of non-ionic surfactant and dissolution salt or the sodium silicate concentration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines
  5. Fulltext The study of nanosized semiconducting Nb doped Y-ZrO2
    Prastomo, Niki, Lockman, Zainovia, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor, Ahmad Nuruddin, Matsuda, Atsunori
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2007;2007(1):149-154.
    MyJurnal
    Tetragonal Y2O3 stabilized Zirconia (t-Y-ZrO2) powders were doped with Nb2O5 to seek a possibility if electronics doping would enhance the electronics conductivity of the insulating oxide. In this work Y2O3 was added as a stabilizer to produce tetragonal ZrO2 whereas Nb2O5 was added for the electronic doping. Several compositions of powders were prepared by thermal decomposition method and were post annealed at different temperatures. Precursor solutions were prepared from the mixture of zirconyl nitrate, yttrium nitrate and niobium tartarate as well as TEA (triethanolamine). The mixed solution were evaporated, pyrolysed and calcined to produce nanosized powders. The phase formation of the as-made powders was investigated by x-ray diffractometer. The additions of 7% Y2O3 were found to stabilize the tetragonal phase of zirconia.
    The addition of Nb2O5 did not alter the stability of the tetragonal phase but it was found that the conductivity of the material has changed. The band gap as measured by the UV-Visible Spectrometer gave a value in the range of 2.97 to 5.01 eV. XRD was also used to deduce the crystallite size (by using Scherer’s equation) and transmission electron microcopy was used to view the particle sizes and shapes. The Nb doped t-Y-ZrO2 prepared in this work was to be nanosized crystal with size ranges from 7 nm to 15 nm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines
  6. Fulltext Budesonide/formoterol combination therapy as both maintenance and reliever medication in moderate-to-severe asthma: a real-life effectiveness study of Malaysian patients
    Loh LC, Lim BK, Raman S, Vijayasingham P, Mohd Yusuf S
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Aug;63(3):188-92.
    PMID: 19248687
    Budesonide/Formoterol (Symbicort) combination therapy as both maintenance and reliever treatment (SMART) is a novel approach in asthma management. We examined its 'real-life effectiveness' in treating Malaysian patients with moderate-to-severe asthma in whom despite on combined inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta2-agonist, were still inadequately controlled. In a retrospective study, 22 eligible adult patients on SMART [mean (range) age: 49 (36-65) years; FEV1: 41 (21-74)% predicted] were identified from medical records of an urban-based university hospital chest clinic, and their clinical outcomes studied at three months. Another 16 patients [50 (14-66) years; 48 (20-91)% predicted] of similar severity and treatment (i.e. Symbicort maintenance treatment plus short-acting beta2-agonist as reliever), but not on SMART, were used as comparator over the same assessment period. In addition, the patients were separately interviewed with standard questionnaire on their satisfaction and compliance to the SMART approach. In SMART group, rescue treatment requirement (p<0.001) and FEV1 [median difference = 2.5%, p=0.015; mean difference: 90 ml, p=0.013] showed significant improvement while in comparator, there was significant improvement only in the requirement for rescue treatment (p=0.023). Hospital admission rates were significantly reduced in SMART group compared to the other (p=0.039), but not in emergency treatment. Five patients asked to discontinue SMART while all others were satisfied, compliant and perceived improvement of their asthma with SMART. The maximum daily doses of inhaled budesonide and formoterol were 1400 microg and 31.5 microg respectively. Our preliminary findings suggest that SMART approach can be attempted as an effective and safe treatment option for patients with inadequately controlled moderate-to-severe asthma in Malaysian setting.
    Study site: Chest clinic, Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/therapeutic use*
  7. Fulltext Determining optimum conditions for lipase-catalyzed synthesis of triethanolamine (TEA)-based esterquat cationic surfactant by a Taguchi robust design method
    Masoumi HR, Kassim A, Basri M, Abdullah DK
    Molecules, 2011 Jun 03;16(6):4672-80.
    PMID: 21642941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064672
    A Taguchi robust design method with an L₉ orthogonal array was implemented to optimize experimental conditions for the biosynthesis of triethanolamine (TEA)-based esterquat cationic surfactants using an enzymatic reaction method. The esterification reaction conversion% was considered as the response. Enzyme amount, reaction time, reaction temperature and molar ratio of substrates, [oleic acid: triethanolamine (OA:TEA)] were chosen as main parameters. As a result of the Taguchi analysis in this study, the molar ratio of substrates was found to be the most influential parameter on the esterification reaction conversion%. The amount of enzyme in the reaction had also a significant effect on reaction conversion%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/chemistry*
  8. Fulltext Multivariate optimization in the biosynthesis of a triethanolamine (TEA)-based esterquat cationic surfactant using an artificial neural network
    Masoumi HR, Kassim A, Basri M, Abdullah DK, Haron MJ
    Molecules, 2011 Jun 29;16(7):5538-49.
    PMID: 21716175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16075538
    An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on the Quick Propagation (QP) algorithm was used in conjunction with an experimental design to optimize the lipase-catalyzed reaction conditions for the preparation of a triethanolamine (TEA)-based esterquat cationic surfactant. Using the best performing ANN, the optimum conditions predicted were an enzyme amount of 4.77 w/w%, reaction time of 24 h, reaction temperature of 61.9 °C, substrate (oleic acid: triethanolamine) molar ratio of 1:1 mole and agitation speed of 480 r.p.m. The relative deviation percentage under these conditions was less than 4%. The optimized method was successfully applied to the synthesis of the TEA-based esterquat cationic surfactant at a 2,000 mL scale. This method represents a more flexible and convenient means for optimizing enzymatic reaction using ANN than has been previously reported by conventional methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/chemistry*
  9. Fulltext Severe Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in a tertiary care hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
    William T, Menon J, Rajahram G, Chan L, Ma G, Donaldson S, et al.
    Emerg Infect Dis, 2011 Jul;17(7):1248-55.
    PMID: 21762579 DOI: 10.3201/eid1707.101017
    The simian parasite Plasmodium knowlesi causes severe human malaria; the optimal treatment remains unknown. We describe the clinical features, disease spectrum, and response to antimalarial chemotherapy, including artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate, in patients with P. knowlesi malaria diagnosed by PCR during December 2007-November 2009 at a tertiary care hospital in Sabah, Malaysia. Fifty-six patients had PCR-confirmed P. knowlesi monoinfection and clinical records available for review. Twenty-two (39%) had severe malaria; of these, 6 (27%) died. Thirteen (59%) had respiratory distress; 12 (55%), acute renal failure; and 12, shock. None experienced coma. Patients with uncomplicated disease received chloroquine, quinine, or artemether-lumefantrine, and those with severe disease received intravenous quinine or artesunate. Parasite clearance times were 1-2 days shorter with either artemether-lumefantrine or artesunate treatment. P. knowlesi is a major cause of severe and fatal malaria in Sabah. Artemisinin derivatives rapidly clear parasitemia and are efficacious in treating uncomplicated and severe knowlesi malaria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/administration & dosage; Ethanolamines/therapeutic use
  10. Fulltext Plasmodium knowlesi reinfection in human
    Lau YL, Tan LH, Chin LC, Fong MY, Noraishah MA, Rohela M
    Emerg Infect Dis, 2011 Jul;17(7):1314-5.
    PMID: 21762601 DOI: 10.3201/eid1707.101295
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/administration & dosage*; Ethanolamines/therapeutic use
  11. Fulltext In vitro permeation and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of nanoscaled emulsions containing ibuprofen for topical delivery
    Abdullah GZ, Abdulkarim MF, Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Yam MF, Mutee AF, et al.
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2011;6:387-96.
    PMID: 21499428 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S14667
    As a topical delivery system, a nanoscaled emulsion is considered a good carrier of several active ingredients that convey several side effects upon oral administration, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/chemistry
  12. Fulltext Synthesis and characterization of a narrow size distribution of zinc oxide nanoparticles
    Zak AK, Razali R, Majid WH, Darroudi M
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2011;6:1399-403.
    PMID: 21796242 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S19693
    Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized via a solvothermal method in triethanolamine (TEA) media. TEA was utilized as a polymer agent to terminate the growth of ZnO-NPs. The ZnO-NPs were characterized by a number of techniques, including X-ray diffraction analysis, transition electron microscopy, and field emission electron microscopy. The ZnO-NPs prepared by the solvothermal process at 150°C for 18 hours exhibited a hexagonal (wurtzite) structure, with a crystalline size of 33 ± 2 nm, and particle size of 48 ± 7 nm. The results confirm that TEA is a suitable polymer agent to prepare homogenous ZnO-NPs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/chemistry
  13. Carbopol 934, 940 and Ultrez 10 as viscosity modifiers of palm olein esters based nano-scaled emulsion containing ibuprofen
    Abdullah GZ, Abdulkarim MF, Mallikarjun C, Mahdi ES, Basri M, Sattar MA, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2013 Jan;26(1):75-83.
    PMID: 23261730
    Micro-emulsions and sometimes nano-emulsions are well known candidates to deliver drugs locally. However, the poor rheological properties are marginally affecting their acceptance pharmaceutically. This work aimed to modify the poor flow properties of a nano-scaled emulsion comprising palm olein esters as the oil phase and ibuprofen as the active ingredient for topical delivery. Three Carbopol ® resins: 934, 940 and Ultrez 10, were utilized in various concentrations to achieve these goals. Moreover, phosphate buffer and triethanolamine solutions pH 7.4 were used as neutralizing agents to assess their effects on the gel-forming and swelling properties of Carbopol ® 940. The addition of these polymers caused the produced nano-scaled emulsion to show a dramatic droplets enlargement of the dispersed globules, increased intrinsic viscosity, consistent zeta potential and transparent-to-opaque change in appearance. These changes were relatively influenced by the type and the concentration of the resin used. Carbopol ® 940 and triethanolamine appeared to be superior in achieving the proposed tasks compared to other materials. The higher the pH of triethanolamine solution, the stronger the flow-modifying properties of Carbopol ® 940. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of a well-arranged gel network of Carbopol ® 940, which was the major cause for all realized changes. Later in vitro permeation studies showed a significant decrease in the drug penetration, thus further modification using 10% w/w menthol or limonene as permeation promoters was performed. This resulted in in vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamics properties that are comparably higher than the reference chosen for this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/chemistry
  14. Fulltext Statistical optimization of process parameters for lipase-catalyzed synthesis of triethanolamine-based esterquats using response surface methodology in 2-liter bioreactor
    Masoumi HR, Basri M, Kassim A, Abdullah DK, Abdollahi Y, Abd Gani SS, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:962083.
    PMID: 24324389 DOI: 10.1155/2013/962083
    Lipase-catalyzed production of triethanolamine-based esterquat by esterification of oleic acid (OA) with triethanolamine (TEA) in n-hexane was performed in 2 L stirred-tank reactor. A set of experiments was designed by central composite design to process modeling and statistically evaluate the findings. Five independent process variables, including enzyme amount, reaction time, reaction temperature, substrates molar ratio of OA to TEA, and agitation speed, were studied under the given conditions designed by Design Expert software. Experimental data were examined for normality test before data processing stage and skewness and kurtosis indices were determined. The mathematical model developed was found to be adequate and statistically accurate to predict the optimum conversion of product. Response surface methodology with central composite design gave the best performance in this study, and the methodology as a whole has been proven to be adequate for the design and optimization of the enzymatic process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/chemical synthesis; Ethanolamines/chemistry*
  15. Synthesis and evaluation of chalcone derivatives as inhibitors of neutrophils' chemotaxis, phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species
    Bukhari SN, Tajuddin Y, Benedict VJ, Lam KW, Jantan I, Jalil J, et al.
    Chem Biol Drug Des, 2014 Feb;83(2):198-206.
    PMID: 24433224 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12226
    Inhibitory effects on neutrophils' chemotaxis, phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are among the important targets in developing anti-inflammatory agents and immunosuppressants. Eight series of chalcone derivatives including five newly synthesized series were assessed for their inhibitory effects on chemotaxis, phagocytosis and ROS production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Inhibition of PMNs' chemotaxis and phagocytosis abilities were investigated using the Boyden chamber technique and the Phagotest kit, respectively, while ROS production was evaluated using luminol- and lucigenin-based chemiluminescence assay. The new derivatives (4d and 8d), which contain 4-methylaminoethanol functional group were active in all the assays performed. It was also observed that some of the compounds were active in inhibiting chemotaxis while others suppressed phagocytosis and ROS production. The information obtained gave new insight into chalcone derivatives with the potential to be developed as immunomodulators.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/chemistry
  16. Fulltext Satisfaction level and asthma control among Malaysian asthma patients on Symbicort Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (SMART) in the primary care setting (SMARTEST study)
    Liam CK, Pang YK, Chua KT
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2014 Jun;32(2):145-52.
    PMID: 25003728 DOI: 10.12932/AP0359.32.2.2013
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Malaysian patients' satisfaction levels and asthma control with Symbicort SMART® in the primary care setting.
    METHOD: This is a cross-sectional, multicentre study involving adult patients with persistent asthma who were prescribed only Symbicort SMART in the preceding one month prior to recruitment. Patients' satisfaction with Symbicort SMART and asthma control were evaluated using the self-administered Satisfaction with Asthma Treatment Questionnaire (SATQ) and the Asthma Control Test (ACT).
    RESULTS: Asthma was controlled (ACT score >20) in 189 (83%) of 228 patients. The mean overall SATQ score for patients with controlled asthma was 5.65 indicating a high satisfaction level, which was positively correlated with high ACT scores. There were differences in asthma control based on ethnicity, number of unscheduled visits and treatment compliance.
    CONCLUSIONS: Symbicort SMART resulted in a high satisfaction level and asthma control among Malaysian patients treated in the primary care setting and it is an effective and appealing treatment for asthmatic patients.
    Study site: General practice clinics, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines/administration & dosage*; Ethanolamines/adverse effects
  17. Triethanolamine - solution for rapid hydrothermal synthesis of titanate nanotubes
    An'amt M, Huang N, Radiman S, Lim H, Muhamad M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:137-144.
    Titanate nanotubes were prepared by a rapid hydrothermal method in the presence of triethanolamine (TEA) using TiO2 nanoparticles as a precursor. The addition of TEA significantly reduced the formation time of the titanate nanotubes from 24 to 6 h. The crystalline structure of the titanate nanotubes was revealed to be H2Ti2O5 through the X-ray diffraction (xRD) measurement. The morphology of the titanate nanotubes was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) while the surface area was characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The titanate nanotubes produced were several hundred nanometers in length and had an average outer diameter of - 11.5 nm, inner diameter of -5.0 nm, interlayer spacing of 0.93 nm and surface area of >250 m2Ig. The photocatalytic activity of the titanate nanotubes was studied using methylene blue as a model dye; the titanate nanotubes showed better photocatalytic performance as compared to TiO2 nanoparticles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines
  18. Scheduling the blended solution as industrial CO2 absorber in separation process by back-propagation artificial neural networks
    Abdollahi Y, Sairi NA, Said SB, Abouzari-lotf E, Zakaria A, Sabri MF, et al.
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2015 Nov 5;150:892-901.
    PMID: 26119355 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.036
    It is believe that 80% industrial of carbon dioxide can be controlled by separation and storage technologies which use the blended ionic liquids absorber. Among the blended absorbers, the mixture of water, N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and guanidinium trifluoromethane sulfonate (gua) has presented the superior stripping qualities. However, the blended solution has illustrated high viscosity that affects the cost of separation process. In this work, the blended fabrication was scheduled with is the process arranging, controlling and optimizing. Therefore, the blend's components and operating temperature were modeled and optimized as input effective variables to minimize its viscosity as the final output by using back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN). The modeling was carried out by four mathematical algorithms with individual experimental design to obtain the optimum topology using root mean squared error (RMSE), R-squared (R(2)) and absolute average deviation (AAD). As a result, the final model (QP-4-8-1) with minimum RMSE and AAD as well as the highest R(2) was selected to navigate the fabrication of the blended solution. Therefore, the model was applied to obtain the optimum initial level of the input variables which were included temperature 303-323 K, x[gua], 0-0.033, x[MDAE], 0.3-0.4, and x[H2O], 0.7-1.0. Moreover, the model has obtained the relative importance ordered of the variables which included x[gua]>temperature>x[MDEA]>x[H2O]. Therefore, none of the variables was negligible in the fabrication. Furthermore, the model predicted the optimum points of the variables to minimize the viscosity which was validated by further experiments. The validated results confirmed the model schedulability. Accordingly, ANN succeeds to model the initial components of the blended solutions as absorber of CO2 capture in separation technologies that is able to industries scale up.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines
  19. Guinea pig genital tract lipidome reveals in vivo and in vitro regulation of phosphatidylcholine 16:0/18:1 and contribution to Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D infectivity
    Wali S, Gupta R, Yu JJ, Mfuh A, Gao X, Guentzel MN, et al.
    Metabolomics, 2016 Apr;12(4).
    PMID: 27642272
    INTRODUCTION: Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), is the leading cause of sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Host transcriptomic- or proteomic profiling studies have identified key molecules involved in establishment of Ct infection or the generation of anti Ct-immunity. However, the contribution of the host metabolome is not known.

    OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of host metabolites in genital Ct infection.

    METHODS: We used high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and mapped lipid profiles in genital swabs obtained from female guinea pigs at days 3, 9, 15, 30 and 65 post Ct serovar D intravaginal infection.

    RESULTS: Across all time points assessed, 13 distinct lipid species including choline, ethanolamine and glycerol were detected. Amongst these metabolites, phosphatidylcholine (PC) was the predominant phospholipid detected from animals actively shedding bacteria i.e., at 3, 9, and 15 days post infection. However, at days 30 and 65 when the animals had cleared the infection, PC was observed to be decreased compared to previous time points. Mass spectrometry analyses of PC produced in guinea pigs (in vivo) and 104C1 guinea pig cell line (in vitro) revealed distinct PC species following Ct D infection. Amongst these, PC 16:0/18:1 was significantly upregulated following Ct D infection (p < 0.05, >twofold change) in vivo and in vitro infection models investigated in this report. Exogenous addition of PC 16:0/18:1 resulted in significant increase in Ct D in Hela 229 cells.

    CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a role for host metabolite, PC 16:0/18:1 in regulating genital Ct infection in vivo and in vitro.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines
  20. Fulltext Sp1 and Sp3 Are the Transcription Activators of Human ek1 Promoter in TSA-Treated Human Colon Carcinoma Cells
    Kuan CS, See Too WC, Few LL
    PLoS One, 2016;11(1):e0147886.
    PMID: 26807725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147886
    Ethanolamine kinase (EK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of ethanolamine, the first step in the CDP-ethanolamine pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Human EK exists as EK1, EK2α and EK2β isoforms, encoded by two separate genes, named ek1 and ek2. EK activity is stimulated by carcinogens and oncogenes, suggesting the involvement of EK in carcinogenesis. Currently, little is known about EK transcriptional regulation by endogenous or exogenous signals, and the ek gene promoter has never been studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanolamines; Phosphatidylethanolamines
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