Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 67 in total

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  1. Fulltext Analysis of glass-reinforced epoxy material for radio frequency resonator
    Zaman MR, Islam MT, Misran N, Yatim B
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:831435.
    PMID: 24977230 DOI: 10.1155/2014/831435
    A radio frequency (RF) resonator using glass-reinforced epoxy material for C and X band is proposed in this paper. Microstrip line technology for RF over glass-reinforced epoxy material is analyzed. Coupling mechanism over RF material and parasitic coupling performance is explained utilizing even and odd mode impedance with relevant equivalent circuit. Babinet's principle is deployed to explicate the circular slot ground plane of the proposed resonator. The resonator is designed over four materials from different backgrounds which are glass-reinforced epoxy, polyester, gallium arsenide (GaAs), and rogers RO 4350B. Parametric studies and optimization algorithm are applied over the geometry of the microstrip resonator to achieve dual band response for C and X band. Resonator behaviors for different materials are concluded and compared for the same structure. The final design is fabricated over glass-reinforced epoxy material. The fabricated resonator shows a maximum directivity of 5.65 dBi and 6.62 dBi at 5.84 GHz and 8.16 GHz, respectively. The lowest resonance response is less than -20 dB for C band and -34 dB for X band. The resonator is prototyped using LPKF (S63) drilling machine to study the material behavior.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Waves
  2. Determinants of RFID adoption in Malaysia's healthcare industry: occupational level as a moderator
    Zailani S, Iranmanesh M, Nikbin D, Beng JK
    J Med Syst, 2015 Jan;39(1):172.
    PMID: 25503418 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-014-0172-4
    With today's highly competitive market in the healthcare industry, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that can be applied by hospitals to improve operational efficiency and to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that may effect RFID adoption in Malaysia's healthcare industry. In addition, the moderating role of occupational level was tested. Data was collected from 223 managers as well as healthcare and supporting staffs. This data was analyzed using the partial least squares technique. The results show that perceived ease of use and usefulness, government policy, top management support, and security and privacy concerns have an effect on the intent to adopt RFID in hospitals. There is a wide gap between managers and healthcare staff in terms of the factors that influence RFID adoption. The results of this study will help decision makers as well as managers in the healthcare industry to better understand the determinants of RFID adoption. Additionally, it will assist in the process of RFID adoption, and therefore, spread the usage of RFID technology in more hospitals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Frequency Identification Device*
  3. Fulltext RF Remote Blood Glucose Sensor and a Microfluidic Vascular Phantom for Sensor Validation
    Yunos MFAM, Manczak R, Guines C, Mansor AFM, Mak WC, Khan S, et al.
    Biosensors (Basel), 2021 Dec 03;11(12).
    PMID: 34940251 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120494
    Diabetes has become a major health problem in society. Invasive glucometers, although precise, only provide discrete measurements at specific times and are unsuitable for long-term monitoring due to the injuries caused on skin and the prohibitive cost of disposables. Remote, continuous, self-monitoring of blood sugar levels allows for active and better management of diabetics. In this work, we present a radio frequency (RF) sensor based on a stepped impedance resonator for remote blood glucose monitoring. When placed on top of a human hand, this RF interdigital sensor allows detection of variation in blood sugar levels by monitoring the changes in the dielectric constant of the material underneath. The designed stepped impedance resonator operates at 3.528 GHz with a Q factor of 1455. A microfluidic device structure that imitates the blood veins in the human hand was fabricated in PDMS to validate that the sensor can measure changes in glucose concentrations. To test the RF sensor, glucose solutions with concentrations ranging from 0 to 240 mg/dL were injected into the fluidic channels and placed underneath the RF sensor. The shifts in the resonance frequencies of the RF sensor were measured using a network analyzer via its S11 parameters. Based on the change in resonance frequencies, the sensitivity of the biosensor was found to be 264.2 kHz/mg·dL-1 and its LOD was calculated to be 29.89 mg/dL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Waves
  4. Fulltext Design and optimization of LTE 1800 MIMO antenna
    Wong HS, Islam MT, Kibria S
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:725806.
    PMID: 24967440 DOI: 10.1155/2014/725806
    A multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna that comprises a printed microstrip antenna and a printed double-L sleeve monopole antenna for LTE 1800 wireless application is presented. The printed double-L sleeve monopole antenna is fed by a 50 ohm coplanar waveguide (CPW). A novel T-shaped microstrip feedline printed on the other side of the PCB is used to excite the waveguide's outer shell. Isolation characteristics better than -15 dB can be obtained for the proposed MIMO antenna. The proposed antenna can operate in LTE 1800 (1710 MHz-1880 MHz). This antenna exhibits omnidirectional characteristics. The efficiency of the antenna is greater than 70% and has high gain of 2.18 dBi.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio/instrumentation*
  5. Fulltext 50 MHz-10 GHz low-power resistive feedback current-reuse mixer with inductive peaking for cognitive radio receiver
    Vitee N, Ramiah H, Chong WK, Tan GH, Kanesan J, Reza AW
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:683971.
    PMID: 25133252 DOI: 10.1155/2014/683971
    A low-power wideband mixer is designed and implemented in 0.13 µm standard CMOS technology based on resistive feedback current-reuse (RFCR) configuration for the application of cognitive radio receiver. The proposed RFCR architecture incorporates an inductive peaking technique to compensate for gain roll-off at high frequency while enhancing the bandwidth. A complementary current-reuse technique is used between transconductance and IF stages to boost the conversion gain without additional power consumption by reusing the DC bias current of the LO stage. This downconversion double-balanced mixer exhibits a high and flat conversion gain (CG) of 14.9 ± 1.4 dB and a noise figure (NF) better than 12.8 dB. The maximum input 1-dB compression point (P1dB) and maximum input third-order intercept point (IIP3) are -13.6 dBm and -4.5 dBm, respectively, over the desired frequency ranging from 50 MHz to 10 GHz. The proposed circuit operates down to a supply headroom of 1 V with a low-power consumption of 3.5 mW.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio/instrumentation*
  6. Fulltext Measurement and Mapping of Wi-Fi Radiation Level at Hamdan Tahir Library, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus
    Supardi, N. F., Mohd Taib, N. H., Abu Amat, N. H., Yusoff, M. N. S.
    Physics and Technology in Medicine, 2020;1(1):52-57.
    MyJurnal
    Wi-Fi is a wireless communication technology that uses specific electromagnetic frequencies. The increasing use of Wi-Fi has raised public concerns about the impact of electromagnetic radiation on the environment and human health. Since the exposure level of the electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation differs between different locations, it is important to measure the strength of the EMF at various locations under observation. This study aimed to obtain specific values related to the radiofrequency and microwave EMF which is described by four specific parameters, that are 1) the frequency of the wave, 2) the electric field strength E, 3) the magnetic field strength H, and 4) the power density S. This study was carried out at the first floor area of Hamdan Tahir Library, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus. Mapping of Wi-Fi signal and measurement of Wi-Fi radiation level was performed at four specific locations, that are Laptop zone 1, Laptop zone 2, Computer lab, and Cozy corner. The average radiation level was compared with the ICNIRP standard limit for public user. It was observed that the Wi-Fi signal was highest in Laptop zone 2 followed by Laptop zone 1 which displayed a moderate signal strength. Whereas moderate but lower signal level was detected in Computer lab zone and Cozy corner. The electric and magnetic fields as well as power density were found highest in Laptop zone 1, followed by Laptop zone 2, Cozy corner, and Computer lab. Comparison with standard ICNIRP limit showed that the radiation level is still far below the ICNIRP limit, which is only 2% of exposure level. To conclude, Laptop zone 2 exhibited the strongest Wi-Fi signal whereas Laptop zone 1 displayed the highest radiation level. However, the strength of the electric and magnetic fields as well as power density is still far below the ICNIRP limit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Waves
  7. Fulltext Review on Medical Implantable Antenna Technology and Imminent Research Challenges
    Soliman MM, Chowdhury MEH, Khandakar A, Islam MT, Qiblawey Y, Musharavati F, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 May 02;21(9).
    PMID: 34063296 DOI: 10.3390/s21093163
    Implantable antennas are mandatory to transfer data from implants to the external world wirelessly. Smart implants can be used to monitor and diagnose the medical conditions of the patient. The dispersion of the dielectric constant of the tissues and variability of organ structures of the human body absorb most of the antenna radiation. Consequently, implanting an antenna inside the human body is a very challenging task. The design of the antenna is required to fulfill several conditions, such as miniaturization of the antenna dimension, biocompatibility, the satisfaction of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and efficient radiation characteristics. The asymmetric hostile human body environment makes implant antenna technology even more challenging. This paper aims to summarize the recent implantable antenna technologies for medical applications and highlight the major research challenges. Also, it highlights the required technology and the frequency band, and the factors that can affect the radio frequency propagation through human body tissue. It includes a demonstration of a parametric literature investigation of the implantable antennas developed. Furthermore, fabrication and implantation methods of the antenna inside the human body are summarized elaborately. This extensive summary of the medical implantable antenna technology will help in understanding the prospects and challenges of this technology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Waves*
  8. Fulltext Extending birthday paradox theory to estimate the number of tags in RFID systems
    Shakiba M, Singh MJ, Sundararajan E, Zavvari A, Islam MT
    PLoS One, 2014;9(4):e95425.
    PMID: 24752285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095425
    The main objective of Radio Frequency Identification systems is to provide fast identification for tagged objects. However, there is always a chance of collision, when tags transmit their data to the reader simultaneously. Collision is a time-consuming event that reduces the performance of RFID systems. Consequently, several anti-collision algorithms have been proposed in the literature. Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA (DFSA) is one of the most popular of these algorithms. DFSA dynamically modifies the frame size based on the number of tags. Since the real number of tags is unknown, it needs to be estimated. Therefore, an accurate tag estimation method has an important role in increasing the efficiency and overall performance of the tag identification process. In this paper, we propose a novel estimation technique for DFSA anti-collision algorithms that applies birthday paradox theory to estimate the number of tags accurately. The analytical discussion and simulation results prove that the proposed method increases the accuracy of tag estimation and, consequently, outperforms previous schemes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Frequency Identification Device*
  9. Fulltext Optical frequency upconversion technique for transmission of wireless MIMO-type signals over optical fiber
    Shaddad RQ, Mohammad AB, Al-Gailani SA, Al-Hetar AM
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:170471.
    PMID: 24772009 DOI: 10.1155/2014/170471
    The optical fiber is well adapted to pass multiple wireless signals having different carrier frequencies by using radio-over-fiber (ROF) technique. However, multiple wireless signals which have the same carrier frequency cannot propagate over a single optical fiber, such as wireless multi-input multi-output (MIMO) signals feeding multiple antennas in the fiber wireless (FiWi) system. A novel optical frequency upconversion (OFU) technique is proposed to solve this problem. In this paper, the novel OFU approach is used to transmit three wireless MIMO signals over a 20 km standard single mode fiber (SMF). The OFU technique exploits one optical source to produce multiple wavelengths by delivering it to a LiNbO3 external optical modulator. The wireless MIMO signals are then modulated by LiNbO3 optical intensity modulators separately using the generated optical carriers from the OFU process. These modulators use the optical single-sideband with carrier (OSSB+C) modulation scheme to optimize the system performance against the fiber dispersion effect. Each wireless MIMO signal is with a 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz carrier frequency, 1 Gb/s data rate, and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The crosstalk between the wireless MIMO signals is highly suppressed, since each wireless MIMO signal is carried on a specific optical wavelength.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Waves
  10. Fulltext Coplanar UHF RFID tag antenna with U-shaped inductively coupled feed for metallic applications
    Salman KN, Ismail A, Raja Abdullah RSA, Saeedi T
    PLoS One, 2017;12(6):e0178388.
    PMID: 28570706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178388
    In this paper, we present a novel compact, coplanar, tag antenna design for metallic objects. Electrically small antenna has designed for a UHF RFID (860-960 MHz) based on a proximity-coupled feed through. Furthermore, two symmetrical Via-loaded coplanar grounds fed by a U-shaped inductively coupled feed through an embedded transmission line. This configuration results in an antenna with dimensions of 31 × 19.5 × 3.065 mm3 at 915 MHz, and the total gain for the antenna is 0.12 dBi. The Via-loaded coplanar and U-shaped inductively coupled feeds allow the antenna to provide flexible tuning in terms of antenna impedance. In addition, a figure of merit is applied for the proposed tag antenna, and the results are presented. The read range is measured to be 4.2 m, which is very close to simulated values. This antenna measurement shows very good agreement with simulations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Frequency Identification Device
  11. Kesan Medan Magnet Menegak ke atas Lengkung Sut Olakan Benard-Marangoni Mantap dalam Lapisan Mengufuk Bendalir (The Effect of a Vertical Magnetic Field on the Onset of Study Bernard-Marangoni Convection in a Horizontal Layer of Electrically Conducting Fluid)
    Ruwaidiah Idris, Ishak Hashim
    Sains Malaysiana, 2005;34.
    In this work we use an analytical technique to analyse the effect of a vertical uniform magnetic field on the onset of steady Benard-Marangoni convection in a horizontal layer of electrically conducting fluid subject to a uniform vertical temperature gradient in the asymptotic limit short waves. We found that in the limit of short waves, the leading order expression for the marginal curve is not affected by the magnetic field.
    Dalam makalah ini kesan medan magnet menegak seragam ke atas lengkung sut permulaan olakan mantap Benard-Marangoni dalam lapisan bendalir mengufuk berpengalir elektrik dikaji tertakluk kepada kecerunan suhu yang seragam dalam had asimptot gelombang pendek. Kami dapati medan magnet tidak memberi kesan kepada sebutan utama lengkung sut dalam had gelombang pendek.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Waves
  12. Effect of radio frequency power on a-cnx film properties and its performance as humidity sensors
    Rozidawati Awang, Noorain Purhanudin, Nur Sakinah Salman
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2863-2867.
    A series of amorphous carbon nitride (a-CNx) thin films were deposited on silicon (111) substrates using a home-built
    radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) system. The a-CNx thin films were deposited
    from a mixture of a fixed flow-rate of ethane (C2
    H6
    , 20 sccm) and nitrogen (N2
    , 47 sccm) gases with varying RF power. A
    higher ratio of C to H (C to H ratio is 1:3) atoms in C2
    H6
    as compared to the ratio in methane (CH4
    ) gas (C to H ratio is
    1:4) is expected to produce an interesting effect to the film properties as humidity sensor. The characterization techniques
    used to determine the morphology and chemical bonding of the thin films are field emission scanning electron microscopy
    (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The variation of morphology and the existence
    of nitrile band in these samples are correlated with the electrical properties of a-CNx thin films. Using humidity sensing
    system, the sensing performance of the samples was examined. It was found that the response of sensors towards the
    percentage of relative humidity (% RH) change is good resistive responses and good repeatability. The sensitivity of the
    prepared a-CNx thin films is significantly higher (up to 79%) as compared to previous studies using CH4
    or acetylene as
    precursor gas. Based on these results, the properties and the sensitivity of the a-CNx thin films towards humidity can be
    tailored by using an appropriate precursor gases and deposition parameters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Waves
  13. Fulltext RFID-enabled web-based interface for a chemical storage management system
    Rosiah Osman, Abd. Rahman Ramli, Wan Azizun Wan Adnan, Intan Helina Hasan
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2015;23(1):73-88.
    MyJurnal
    The management of a chemical inventory is necessary for safety purposes as well as for fulfilling regulatory compliance. In most academic laboratories, the management of chemicals is still being done manually, which is time-consuming. As a result, data are not updated and expired chemicals are unintentionally used. This research proposes that UHF Class 1 Gen 2 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology be used in the development of a chemical inventory information system to ease chemical tracking as well as to shorten the inventory process time. An information system integrating RFID data and a web-based rule identification interface was developed. WAMP 2.2.17, PHP 5.3.5 and MySQL 5.5.8 were downloaded and a programming language was written to check the expiration date of the chemicals as well as to produce alert notification status. Wireless technology through GSM modem helped in producing alert messages using the Short Message System (SMS) of the nearly expired chemicals to the handphone of the person in charge in real time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Frequency Identification Device
  14. Fulltext Design and Experimental Evaluation of Modified Square Loop Feeding for UHF RFID Tags
    Rokunuzzaman M, Islam MT, Arshad H, Jit Singh M, Misran N
    PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0132530.
    PMID: 26177376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132530
    This paper addresses the performance evaluation of a modified square loop antenna design for UHF RFID applications that is excited through a narrow feed line connected to a square loop, an impedance matching network. The square loop dimensions are modified to reach a conjugate impedance matching. A gap is fixed between the feed-lines to link the chip. To achieve impedance matching, the structures of the feed-line are optimized accordingly. In addition, the antenna consists of a straightforward geometry. An 11.9-meter maximum read range is achieved using a compact size of 80 × 44 mm2 and 3.2 W for the effective isotropic radiated power. Additional findings reveal that the proposed tag antenna is able to provide a stable resonance response in the near field of a large metallic surface.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Frequency Identification Device*
  15. Fulltext Design of a Miniaturized Meandered Line Antenna for UHF RFID Tags
    Rokunuzzaman M, Islam MT, Rowe WS, Kibria S, Jit Singh M, Misran N
    PLoS One, 2016;11(8):e0161293.
    PMID: 27533470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161293
    A semi-circle looped vertically omnidirectional radiation (VOR) patterned tag antenna for UHF (919-923 MHz for Malaysia) frequency is designed to overcome the impedance mismatch issue in this paper. Two impedance matching feeding strips are used in the antenna structure to tune the input impedance of the antenna. Two dipole shaped meandered lines are used to achieve a VOR pattern. The proposed antenna is designed for 23-j224 Ω chip impedance. The antenna is suitable for 'place and tag' application. A small size of 77.68×35.5 mm2 is achieved for a read range performance of 8.3 meters using Malaysia regulated maximum power transfer of 2.0 W effective radiated power (ERP).
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Frequency Identification Device*
  16. Fulltext Submandibular intraductal calculi removal as an office procedure with radiofrequency device
    Revadi G, Rahmat O, Shailendra S
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):80-2.
    PMID: 21265259 MyJurnal
    Salivary duct obstruction secondary to calculi is a common disorder of the submandibular gland and often manifesting as painful episodic swelling of the gland during meals. Complications may arise in unresolved obstruction leading to infections, abscess formation and a hypofunctioning gland. Treatment of this disorder has evolved from the traditional sialadenectomy to organ preserving procedures done under general or local anaesthesia. Our technique using Ellman Surgitron radiofrequency device, is another alternative technique for transoral removal of extraglandular calculi. It is a simple, quick an easy technique to learn that can be done in the office setting under local anaesthesia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Waves/therapeutic use*
  17. Fulltext Energy-efficient sensing in wireless sensor networks using compressed sensing
    Razzaque MA, Dobson S
    Sensors (Basel), 2014;14(2):2822-59.
    PMID: 24526302 DOI: 10.3390/s140202822
    Sensing of the application environment is the main purpose of a wireless sensor network. Most existing energy management strategies and compression techniques assume that the sensing operation consumes significantly less energy than radio transmission and reception. This assumption does not hold in a number of practical applications. Sensing energy consumption in these applications may be comparable to, or even greater than, that of the radio. In this work, we support this claim by a quantitative analysis of the main operational energy costs of popular sensors, radios and sensor motes. In light of the importance of sensing level energy costs, especially for power hungry sensors, we consider compressed sensing and distributed compressed sensing as potential approaches to provide energy efficient sensing in wireless sensor networks. Numerical experiments investigating the effectiveness of compressed sensing and distributed compressed sensing using real datasets show their potential for efficient utilization of sensing and overall energy costs in wireless sensor networks. It is shown that, for some applications, compressed sensing and distributed compressed sensing can provide greater energy efficiency than transform coding and model-based adaptive sensing in wireless sensor networks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio
  18. Occurrence of micronuclei in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells in mobile phone users: A case-control study
    Rashmi B, Chinna SK, Rodrigues C, Anjaly D, Bankur PK, Kannaiyan K
    Indian J Dent Res, 2021 1 13;31(5):734-737.
    PMID: 33433511 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_634_18
    Introduction: The use of mobile phones has increased enormously all over the world especially among young people. This technology is based upon electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range [radiofrequency (RF) waves and microwaves]. The radiation frequency and modulation standards vary in the range of 300-2100 MHz, depending on the region in the world.

    Aim and Objectives: To detect the presence of micronuclei in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells of mobile phone users as well as to carry out a quantitative analysis of micronuclei in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells of mobile phone users.

    Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 100 individuals, out of which 50 were included under the test group and 50 under the control group. Buccal mucosal smears were obtained from each subject. Staining was done using papanicuolau (PAP) stain and the slides were examined for the presence of micronuclei.

    Results: The mean duration of mobile phone usage in years was 5.32 years for the exposed and 2.42 years for the control. Mean duration of mobile phone usage per day in the test group was 94.8 min and 12.4 min in the control group. The frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) in test and control groups ranged from 0 to 16 and 0 to 2 respectively. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Student t-test and significant results were obtained at 0.0001 level.

    Conclusion: Our study concluded that there is an increased frequency of micronuclei in mobile phone users which is related to carcinogenesis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Waves/adverse effects
  19. Fulltext A low power and low ripple CMOS high voltage generator for RFID transponder EEPROM
    Rahman LF, Marufuzzaman M, Alam L, Sidek LM, Reaz MBI
    PLoS One, 2020;15(2):e0225408.
    PMID: 32023244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225408
    A high-voltage generator (HVG) is an essential part of a radio frequency identification electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (RFID-EEPROM). An HVG circuit is used to generate a regulated output voltage that is higher than the power supply voltage. However, the performance of the HVG is affected owing to the high-power dissipation, high-ripple voltage and low-pumping efficiency. Therefore, a regulator circuit consists of a voltage divider, comparator and a voltage reference, which are respectively required to reduce the ripple voltage, increase pumping efficiency and decrease the power dissipation of the HVG. Conversely, a clock driving circuit consists of the current-starved ring oscillator (CSRO), and the non- overlapping clock generator is required to drive the clock signals of the HVG circuit. In this study, the Mentor Graphics EldoSpice software package is used to design and simulate the HVG circuitry. The results showed that the designed CSRO dissipated only 4.9 μW at 10.2 MHz and that the phase noise was only -119.38 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz. Moreover, the proposed charge pump circuit was able to generate a maximum VPP of 13.53 V and it dissipated a power of only 31.01 μW for an input voltage VDD of 1.8 V. After integrating all the HVG modules, the results showed that the regulated HVG circuit was also able to generate a higher VPP of 14.59 V, while the total power dissipated was only 0.12 mW with a chip area of 0.044 mm2. Moreover, the HVG circuit produced a pumping efficiency of 90% and reduced the ripple voltage to <4 mV. Therefore, the integration of all the proposed modules in HVG ensured low-ripple programming voltages, higher pumping efficiency, and EEPROMs with lower power dissipation, and can be extensively used in low-power applications, such as in non-volatile memory, radiofrequency identification transponders, on-chip direct current DC-DC converters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Waves; Radio Frequency Identification Device*
  20. Fulltext Effects of low-powered RF sweep between 0.01-20 GHz on female Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes: A collective behaviour analysis
    Poh AH, Moghavvemi M, Shafiei MM, Leong CS, Lau YL, Mahamd Adikan FR, et al.
    PLoS One, 2017;12(6):e0178766.
    PMID: 28582398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178766
    There are many products claiming to be an electronic solution towards repelling mosquitoes. Several reviews were published in debunking these claims. However, there is a lack of a systematic study on effects of electromagnetic (EM) or more specifically, radio frequency (RF) waves against mosquitoes due to the conclusions made in those years. Therefore, we attempt to establish a fundamental study on female Aedes Aegypti (Linnaeus) mosquitoes by quantifying the collective behavior of the mosquitoes against a continuous stream of low-powered RF signals via a broadband horn antenna using image processing methods. By examining the average lateral and vertical positions of the mosquitoes versus frequency and time, the data shows negligible consistency in the reactions of the mosquitoes toward the different frequencies ranging from 10 to 20,000.00 MHz, with a step of 10 MHz. This was done by examining 33 hours of spatiotemporal data, which was divided into three sessions. All three sessions showed totally different convolutions in the positions in arbitrary units based on the raster scan of the image processing output. Several frequencies apparently showed up to 0.2-70% shift in both lateral and vertical components along the spectrum, without repeatability for all three sessions. This study contributes to the following: A pilot study for establishing the collective effects of RF against mosquitoes, open-source use, and finally a low-cost and easily adaptable platform for the study of EM effects against any insects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radio Waves
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