Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 34 in total

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  1. Urine examination in clinical medicine
    Cheong I
    Family Practitioner, 1987;10(2):7-11.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis*
  2. Fulltext Evaluation of the performance of a micromethod for measuring urinary iodine by using six sigma quality metrics
    Hussain H, Khalid NM, Selamat R, Wan Nazaimoon WM
    Ann Lab Med, 2013 Sep;33(5):319-25.
    PMID: 24003421 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2013.33.5.319
    BACKGROUND: The urinary iodine micromethod (UIMM) is a modification of the conventional method and its performance needs evaluation.
    METHODS: UIMM performance was evaluated using the method validation and 2008 Iodine Deficiency Disorders survey data obtained from four urinary iodine (UI) laboratories. Method acceptability tests and Sigma quality metrics were determined using total allowable errors (TEas) set by two external quality assurance (EQA) providers.
    RESULTS: UIMM obeyed various method acceptability test criteria with some discrepancies at low concentrations. Method validation data calculated against the UI Quality Program (TUIQP) TEas showed that the Sigma metrics were at 2.75, 1.80, and 3.80 for 51±15.50 µg/L, 108±32.40 µg/L, and 149±38.60 µg/L UI, respectively. External quality control (EQC) data showed that the performance of the laboratories was within Sigma metrics of 0.85-1.12, 1.57-4.36, and 1.46-4.98 at 46.91±7.05 µg/L, 135.14±13.53 µg/L, and 238.58±17.90 µg/L, respectively. No laboratory showed a calculated total error (TEcalc)
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis/standards*
  3. Requirement for specific gravity and creatinine adjustments for urinary steroids and luteinizing hormone concentrations in adolescents
    Singh GK, Balzer BW, Desai R, Jimenez M, Steinbeck KS, Handelsman DJ
    Ann. Clin. Biochem., 2015 Nov;52(Pt 6):665-71.
    PMID: 25780247 DOI: 10.1177/0004563215580385
    Urinary hormone concentrations are often adjusted to correct for hydration status. We aimed to determine whether first morning void urine hormones in growing adolescents require adjustments and, if so, whether urinary creatinine or specific gravity are better adjustments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  4. Fulltext The first methadone programme in Malaysia: overcoming obstacles and achieving the impossible
    Gill, Jesjeet Singh, Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman, Mohd Hussain Habil
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2007;8(2):64-70.
    MyJurnal
    Objectives: To determine the best possible programme that suits our local setting, to determine the average dose required, and to determine possible problems that can arise from implementing such a programme locally and how best to address them. Methods: The inclusion criteria were those above 18, a positive urine test, the presence of a supportive carer and willing to engage in the programme. Methadone was initiated and observations relating to dose, adverse events, relationship with carers, work performance, crime and high risk behaviours were monitored for 18 weeks. Results: Two thirds of the 45 subjects completed the trial over the 18 week period. No significant adverse events occurred and improvement in relationship with carers and work performance were noted with reduction in crime and high risk behaviours. Conclusion: Methadone is a safe and effective drug that can be used in the local Malaysian setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  5. Fulltext Development and double cross-validation of new spot urine sodium equation to predict 24-h urine sodium in the Malaysian population
    Othman F, Ambak R, Omar MA, Shahar S, Nor NSM, Ahmad MH, et al.
    J Health Popul Nutr, 2021 05 31;40(Suppl 1):10.
    PMID: 34059149 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00232-3
    BACKGROUND: Monitoring sodium intake through 24-h urine collection sample is recommended, but the implementation of this method can be difficult. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an equation using spot urine concentration to predict 24-h sodium excretion in the Malaysian population.

    METHODS: This was a Malaysian Community Salt Study (MyCoSS) sub-study, which was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018. Out of 798 participants in the MyCoSS study who completed 24-h urine collection, 768 of them have collected one-time spot urine the following morning. They were randomly assigned into two groups to form separate spot urine equations. The final spot urine equation was derived from the entire data set after confirming the stability of the equation by double cross-validation in both study groups. Newly derived spot urine equation was developed using the coefficients from the multiple linear regression test. A Bland-Altman plot was used to measure the mean bias and limits of agreement between estimated and measured 24-h urine sodium. The estimation of sodium intake using the new equation was compared with other established equations, namely Tanaka and INTERSALT.

    RESULTS: The new equation showed the least mean bias between measured and predicted sodium, - 0.35 (- 72.26, 71.56) mg/day compared to Tanaka, 629.83 (532.19, 727.47) mg/day and INTERSALT, and 360.82 (284.34, 437.29) mg/day. Predicted sodium measured from the new equation showed greater correlation with measured sodium (r = 0.50) compared to Tanaka (r =0.24) and INTERSALT (r = 0.44), P < 0.05.

    CONCLUSION: Our newly developed equation from spot urine can predict least mean bias of sodium intake among the Malaysian population when 24-h urine sodium collection is not feasible.

    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  6. Dielectric properties of urine in relation to bladder cancer
    Zhu CZ, Ting HN, Ng KH, Mun KS, Ong TA
    Phys Eng Sci Med, 2024 Mar;47(1):61-71.
    PMID: 37843766 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01341-5
    Many studies have investigated the dielectric properties of human and animal tissues, particularly to differentiate between normal cells and tumors. However, these studies are invasive as tissue samples have to be excised to measure the properties. This study aims to investigate the dielectric properties of urine in relation to bladder cancer, which is safe and non-invasive to patients. 30 healthy subjects and 30 bladder cancer patients were recruited. Their urine samples were subjected to urinalysis and cytology assessment. A vector network analyzer was used to measure the dielectric constant (Ɛ') and loss factor (Ɛ″) at microwave frequencies of between 0.2 and 50 GHz at 25 °C, 30 °C and 37 °C. Significant differences in Ɛ' and Ɛ″ were observed between healthy subjects and patients, especially at frequencies of between 25 and 40 GHz at 25 °C. Bladder cancer patients had significant lower Ɛ' and higher Ɛ″ compared with healthy subjects. The Ɛ' was negatively correlated with urinary exfoliated urothelial cell number, and Ɛ″ was positively correlated. The study achieved a receiver operating characteristic area under curve (ROC-AUC) score of 0.69099 and an optimum accuracy of 75% with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 70%. The number of exfoliated urothelial cell had significant effect on the dielectric properties, especially in bladder cancer patients. Urinary dielectric properties could potentially be used as a tool to detect bladder cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  7. Fulltext A brief review on free light chain assays: from conventional to current
    Siti Yazmin Zahari Sham, Subashini C. Thambiah, Intan Nureslyna Samsudin
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2017;13(2):59-62.
    MyJurnal
    Free light chains (FLCs) are tumour markers of monoclonal gammopathies. Detection of urinary FLC or also known as Bence-Jones protein through urinary protein and its immunofixation electrophoreses (UPE and uIFE, respectively) have been considered the gold standard for its biochemical diagnosis. This is mainly due to their superior detection limits compared to their counterpart investigations in serum. However, urinalysis is limited in many ways. The emergence of serum FLC assay with markedly improved detection limit circumvents many of these problems and has gained much importance in biochemical investigations of monoclonal gammopathies. Nevertheless, they are not without limitations. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of serum and urinary FLC assays.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  8. Fulltext Association between Urinary Aflatoxin (AFM₁) and Dietary Intake among Adults in Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia
    Sulaiman SH, Jamaluddin R, Sabran MR
    Nutrients, 2018 Apr 07;10(4).
    PMID: 29642443 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040460
    Aflatoxin is a food contaminant and its exposure through the diet is frequent and ubiquitous. A long-term dietary aflatoxin exposure has been linked to the development of liver cancer in populations with high prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in foods. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the association between urinary aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁), a biomarker of aflatoxin exposure, with the dietary intake among adults in Hulu Langat district, Selangor, Malaysia. Certain food products have higher potential for aflatoxin contamination and these were listed in a Food Frequency Questionnaire, which was given to all study participants. This allowed us to record consumption rates for each food product listed. Concomitantly, urine samples were collected, from adults in selected areas in Hulu Langat district, for the measurement of AFM₁ levels using an ELISA kit. Of the 444 urine samples collected and tested, 199 were positive for AFM₁, with 37 of them exceeding the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.64 ng/mL. Cereal products showed the highest consumption level among all food groups, with an average intake of 512.54 g per day. Chi-square analysis showed that consumption of eggs (X² = 4.77, p = 0.03) and dairy products (X² = 19.36, p < 0.01) had significant associations with urinary AFM₁ but both food groups were having a phi and Cramer's V value that less than 0.3, which indicated that the association between these food groups' consumption and AFM₁ level in urine was weak.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis/methods
  9. Occurrences of heart disease in apparently healthy cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia
    Khor KH, Chin MX
    J Adv Vet Anim Res, 2020 Sep;7(3):501-508.
    PMID: 33005676 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g446
    Objective: Annual health screening inclusive of heart workup is recommended for the detection of heart diseases, especially in asymptomatic patients (no clinical signs). This study determined the occurrences of the common heart disease and the risk factors in apparently healthy cats.

    Materials and methods: This prospective study that screened 59 healthy cats and the status of the heart were evaluated based on a combination of findings from physical examination, electrocardiography, blood pressure measurement, routine blood test, urinalysis, and total thyroid level.

    Results: Approximately 40.7% (n = 24/59) of the apparently healthy cats were diagnosed with heart disease hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (62.5%) remains to be the most commonly diagnosed. The mean age was 4.9-year old (age range, 7-month-old to 19-year-old). The prevalence was higher in males (45.0%; n = 17/38) cats, especially the domestic shorthairs (46.0%; n = 11/24). Among the healthy cats with vertebral heart scale (VHS) > 8.0, only 52% (n = 12/23) of them were diagnosed with cardiomyopathy. However, 33% (n = 12/36) of the cats with normal VHS ≤ 7.9 were diagnosed with heart disease. Consistently, all healthy cats with abnormal heart sounds were diagnosed with heart disease. About 31.4% (n = 16/51) of these cats with typical heart sound had cardiomyopathy too.

    Conclusion: The occurrence of cardiomyopathy in apparently healthy cats has no association with the patient's age, sex, and VHS, except for the heart sound. Echocardiography remains the best diagnostic tool, as normal heart size and normal heart sound do not exclude cardiomyopathy in this group of apparently healthy cats.

    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  10. Fulltext Polycystic kidney disease in a Persian cat
    Phoon, M.H.E., Khor, K.H., Lau, S.F., Saw, M.H.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2015;27(1):20-23.
    MyJurnal
    A 6-year-old intact Persian cat was presented for the primary complaint of inappetence and weight loss. Irregular surface of
    kidneys was palpated during physical examination. Abdominal radiograph findings were indicative of renomegaly. Ultrasonography
    revealed multiple anaechoic structures within the renal parenchyma. The cortex, medulla and renal pelvis were unable to be
    differentiated. Both radiographic and ultrasonographic findings were suggestive of polycystic kidney disease. Blood test revealed
    normochromic, normocytic anaemia with azotaemia whereas urinalysis findings were hypostenuria and proteinuria, consistent of
    chronic kidney disease due to polycystic kidney. Ultrasound is a useful antemortem diagnostic tool to diagnose polycystic kidney
    disease in cats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  11. Fulltext Cystic benign prostatic hyperplasia in a dog
    Tan, W.X., Chan, S.M., Khor, K.H.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2015;27(1):16-19.
    MyJurnal
    Old intact male dogs are often predisposed to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of prostate
    gland occur due to hormonal influences. Clinical signs such as haematuria, stranguria and tenesmus are often associated with benign
    prostatic hyperplasia. A seven year-old local breed intact male dog was presented with a primary complaint of haematuria and
    stranguria. Diagnostic work-up conducted inclusive of complete blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, abdominal radiograph,
    cystourethrography and abdominal ultrasonography. The dog was diagnosed with cystic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostatic
    omentalisation and castration were performed in this case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  12. Fulltext Accuracy of urinalysis in detection of urinary tract infection in a primary care setting
    Othman S, Chia YC, Ng CJ
    Asia Pac Fam Med, 2003;2(4):206-212.
    Aim: To determine the accuracy of urinalysis in the detection of urinary tract infection (UTI) in symptomatic patients at primary care level. Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken on 100 patients with symptoms of UTI presenting at the Primary Care Clinic of University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia during the months of August to November 1999. Their urine samples were tested simultaneously using urine dipstick, urine microscopy and urine culture. Urine culture was used as the gold standard and UTI was diagnosed when the urine culture showed a bacteria count of >= 105 organisms per mL. The sensitivity and specificity of each test was calculated. Results: The prevalence of UTI was 25% in symptomatic patients. The urine dipstick for leukocyte esterase, nitrite and red blood cell had sensitivities of 76, 56 and 76%, respectively. Their specificities were 60, 81 and 61%, respectively. Urine microscopy for leukocytes, red blood cells and bacterial count had sensitivities of 80, 52 and 84%, while their specificities were 76, 80 and 54%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of UTI in the present study was low despite reported symptoms of UTI. Urinalysis is needed to support the diagnosis of UTI. In the present study, while there is accuracy in the urinalysis (as the sensitivities and specificities of various tests are comparable with other studies); lack of precision in each test because of the wide range of 95% confidence interval make it less reliable. Caution should be made in interpreting each test.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  13. Haematuria following the administration of M & B 693
    Sreenivasan BR
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;3:415-8.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  14. Fulltext The Autonomic Progress Bar Motivates Treatment Completion for Patients of Stimulant Use Disorder and Cannabis Use Disorder
    Chen IC, Teng G, Chen CJ, Lan TH, Liu HJ
    Front Psychiatry, 2019;10:944.
    PMID: 31998160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00944
    Background: The intrinsic motivation behind the "need to complete" is more influential than external incentives. We introduced a novel progress-bar tool to motivate the completion of programs designed to treat stimulant and cannabis use disorders. We further examined the effectiveness of the progress bar's scoring approach in forecasting consistently negative urine tests. Methods: This study's participants included 568 patients with stimulant, amphetamine-type, and cannabis use disorders who were undergoing 12-month mandatory treatment programs at Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan. Patients were given scores of 1, -1, or 0 depending on whether they received negative, positive, or missing urinalysis reports, respectively. The autonomic progress bar generated weekly score totals. At the group level, scorei donated scores from all patients for a given week (i denoted the week). Scorei was standardized to adjusted scorei. We then conducted Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model of time-series analyses for the adjusted scorei. Results: A total of 312 patients maintained treatment progress over the 12-month program. The autonomic score calculator totaled the shared achievements of these patients. The coefficients of the lag variables for mean (p), lag variables for residual error term (q), and number of orders for ensuring stationary (d) were estimated at p = 3, d = 4, and q = 7 for the first half of the treatment program, and were estimated at p = 2, d = 2, and q = 3 for the second half. Both models were stationary and tested as fit for prediction (p < 0.05). Sharply raised adjusted scores were predicted during the high-demand treatment phase. Discussion: This study's novel progress-bar tool effectively motivated treatment completion. It was also effective in forecasting continually negative urine tests. The tool's free open-source code makes it easy to implement among many substance-treatment services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  15. Twenty-four hour and spot urine metabolic evaluations: correlations versus agreements
    Hong YH, Dublin N, Razack AH, Mohd MA, Husain R
    Urology, 2010 Jun;75(6):1294-8.
    PMID: 19914693 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.08.061
    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlations and agreements between the solute/creatinine ratios from the 24-hour and early morning spot urine samples for metabolic evaluation in stone-formers given the various pitfalls with the 24-hour urinary metabolic evaluation in stone-formers.
    METHODS: 30 urinary stone-formers out of an initial 62 recruited provided a complete 24-hour urine and early morning spot urine samples for metabolic evaluation. Pearson correlation and Bland and Altman Test were used to assess the correlations and agreements.
    RESULTS: Significant correlations were established between the 24-hour urinary solute excretions and the corresponding early morning spot urine solute/creatinine ratios for calcium, magnesium, urate, potassium, oxalate, citrate, and the Differential Gibb's free energy value of calcium oxalate DG(CaOx) values. However, all these solute/creatinine measurements between the 24-hour and early morning spot urine samples were judged to be not within the acceptable limits based on the estimated "limit of agreement" by the Bland and Altman Test of Agreement. Diurnal circadian rhythm and postprandial excretion surge are thought to be responsible for the disagreements.
    CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the early morning spot urine is not suitable to be used interchangeably to replace the 24-hour urine collection in the evaluation of urinary metabolic abnormalities in stone-formers. A good correlation does not translate to an agreement between the 2 measurements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis/methods
  16. Determination of α-ketoglutaric and pyruvic acids in urine as potential biomarkers for diabetic II and liver cancer
    Makahleh A, Ben-Hander GM, Saad B
    Bioanalysis, 2015;7(6):713-23.
    PMID: 25871588 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.307
    BACKGROUND: A simple and sensitive hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction with in situ derivatization method was developed for the determination of α-ketoglutaric (α-KG) and pyruvic acids (PA) in small-volume urine samples. 2,4,6-trichloro phenyl hydrazine was used as derivatization agent.
    RESULTS: Under the optimum extraction conditions, enrichment factors of 742 and 400 for α-KG and PA, respectively, were achieved. Calibration curves were linear over the range 1 to 1000 ng/ml (r(2) ≥ 0.998). Detection and quantitation limits were 0.03 and 0.02, and 0.10 and 0.05 ng/ml for α-KG and PA, respectively.
    CONCLUSION: The concentrations in diabetic II and liver cancer samples were significantly lower than those from healthy people, showing their potential as biomarkers for these diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis/methods*
  17. Fulltext Laboratory aspects of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy
    Mohammad M, Mahdy ZA, Omar J, Maan N, Jamil MA
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2002 Sep;33(3):575-80.
    PMID: 12693594
    A total of 1,661 pregnant women aged between 13 and 45 years were screened for bacteriuria by urine culture. Of the 1,661 culture results, 615 (37%) yielded no growth; 728 (43.8%) yielded no significant growth (presence of <10(5) organisms/ml urine of one or more types of bacteria); 286 (17.2%) yielded mixed growth (presence of >10(5) organisms/ml urine of more than one type of bacteria) and only 32 (1.9%) showed significant growth (presence of >10(5) organisms/ml urine of a single bacterium). Urine microscopy was also conducted. Two hundred and twenty-four (13.5%) specimens had >10 white blood cells/ml urine, of which 66 had >100 white blood cells; 13 were from the significant growth group. Three hundred and seventy-four (22.5%) specimens showed the presence of bacteria, 42 (2.5%) had red blood cells, 370 (22.3%) had epithelial cells, 58 (3.5%) had crystals, and 14 (0.8%) had yeasts. The most common bacterium isolated was Escherichia coli (12; 40%); the others included group B Streptococcus (5; 15%), Klebsiella spp (5; 15%), Diphtheroids (2), and Candida albicans (2). Fifty-two percent of tested strains were sensitive to ampicillin; 24 of 28 strains (85.7%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin; all 7 strains tested were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and all 20 strains tested were sensitive to cotrimoxazole; 14/20 (70%) and 16/17 (94.1%) were sensitive to cephalexin and cefuroxime respectively. This study shows that asymptomatic bacteriuria does occur in pregnant women, albeit at a very low rate in an urban setting like Cheras. Urine microscopy is not specific and only serves as a guide to bacteriuria. The commonest causative organisms are those from the gastrointestinal tract and vagina. The antibiogram showed that cefuroxime and cephalexin are likely to be effective in treating bacteriuria: ampicillin must be reserved for Gram-negative organisms. For Gram-positive organisms, of which Group B Streptococcus is important, ampicillin is still effective in vitro. Nitrofurantion and cotrimoxazole have excellent activity in vitro and should be considered for therapy. 17.2% of the urine culture yielded mixed growth: likely to indicate that contamination of urine specimens still happens despite the strict instructions given to patients about the collection of a midstream urine specimen. Proper collection, appropriate transport, and the early processing of urine specimens remain essential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis/methods
  18. Prostatitis-like symptoms: diagnosis and management in a Malaysian primary care population
    Lee SW, Liong ML, Yuen KH, Leong WS, Khan N, Cheah PY, et al.
    Urol Int, 2009;82(1):32-7.
    PMID: 19172094 DOI: 10.1159/000176022
    BACKGROUND: Little is known about how primary care physicians (PCPs) in Asia diagnose and manage prostatitis-like symptoms. This study investigated the clinical diagnosis of and care provided for prostatitis-like symptoms by PCPs in a Malaysian population, and compared these findings to reports from other areas.
    METHODS: All members of the Penang Private Medical Practitioners' Society were asked to complete a self-administered survey. Nonresponders were contacted after 3 weeks and received a telephone request after 6 weeks.
    RESULTS: Of the 786 practitioners contacted, 669 considered themselves to be PCPs, including 279 (42%) who responded to the survey. Adult males with prostatitis-like symptoms typically constitute <1% of the patients seen by PCPs. Most PCPs (72%) believe that prostatitis-like symptoms are caused by bacterial infection. 61% of PCPs base their diagnosis of prostatitis-like symptoms on clinical history, a physical examination and dipstick urinalysis. Standard management was to prescribe 1 or 2 courses of antimicrobials.
    CONCLUSIONS: Despite the 8.7% prevalence found in a previous survey in this population, prostatitis remains underdiagnosed in Malaysia. In contrast to many other clinical settings, urologists in Malaysia see a large proportion of newly diagnosed and treatment-naive prostatitis patients, providing an opportunity for clinical diagnostic and treatment studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis/instrumentation
  19. The predictive values of urinalysis in intravenous urogram. Is intravenous urography really necessary in mild hydronephrotic patient?
    Hamzaini AH, Helmee MN, Masoud S, Suraya A, Nazri MS, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2009;160(6):473-5.
    PMID: 20198290
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many patients who presented to Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) with signs and symptoms of urolithiasis had mild hydronephrosis with non visualization of calculus on ultrasound examination. These patients underwent an intravenous urogram (IVU) in order to determine the presence of urolithiasis and most of them had normal IVU. The main aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of urinalysis in this group of patients in determining the need for IVU examinations.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospectively the ultrasound, urinalysis and intravenous urography reports of 53 patients were reviewed and evaluated.
    RESULTS: The positive predictive and negative predictive value of urinalysis was found to be 68% and 96.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS; The results indicate that the urinalysis was an excellent negative predictor for IVU. In view of high radiation dose, risk of contrast reaction and contrast induced nephropathy of IVU, we suggest that it should not be performed in patient with non visualization of calculus mild hydronephrosis when the urinalysis is negative for blood.

    Study site: Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
  20. Fulltext A case of acute kidney injury by near-drowning
    Amir A, Lee YL
    Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(3):34-6.
    PMID: 25893056 MyJurnal
    Acute kidney injury following immersion or near-drowning is rarely described and no data from Malaysia have been found. We report a case of acute kidney injury following a near-drowning event. A 20-year-old man who recovered from near-drowning in a swimming pool 5 days earlier presented to our clinic with abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea and polyuria. Dipstick urinalysis showed a trace of blood. The serum creatinine level was 10-fold higher than the normal range. A bedside ultrasound showed features suggestive of acute tubular necrosis. He is then referred to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute kidney injury with the possibility of acute tubular necrosis secondary to near-drowning. We suggest that any patient presenting after immersion or near-drowning to be should assessed for potential acute kidney injury.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinalysis
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