MyMedR

Juggi JS

Family Practitioner, 1973;1(2):8-15.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin

Fulltext The effect of delayed transportation of blood samples on serum bilirubin values in neonates

Saththasivam P, Voralu K, Ramli N, Mustapha MR, Omar J, Van Rostenberghe H

Malays J Med Sci, 2010 Jul;17(3):27-31.

Delays in transporting blood samples may cause inaccurate results. Samples may be exposed to light or heat during delays, resulting in the degradation of analytes, for example, bilirubin. This study was done to determine the effect of delays in the transportation of blood samples on serum bilirubin test results.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin

Spectroscopic studies on the binding of bromocresol purple to different serum albumins and its bilirubin displacing action

Faizul FM, Abdul Kadir H, Tayyab S

J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol., 2008 Jan 30;90(1):1-7.

PMID: 18024146

The interaction between bromocresol purple (BCP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)/porcine serum albumin (PSA) was investigated both in the absence and presence of bilirubin (BR) using absorption/absorption difference spectroscopy. A significant red shift in the absorption maxima of BCP accompanied by a decrease in absorbance was indicative of BCP binding to albumin. The titration of BSA and PSA with BCP using absorption difference spectroscopy and analysis of results by Benesi-Hildebrand equation yielded the values of association constant, K as 9.9+/-0.9x10(4)Lmol(-1) and 4.1+/-0.3x10(4)Lmol(-1) for BSA and PSA, respectively. The differential extinction coefficient (Deltaepsilon) of 34,484M(-1)cm(-1) at 615nm and 41,870M(-1)cm(-1) at 619nm were estimated for BSA and PSA, respectively. Decrease in (DeltaAbs.)(615nm) of BCP-BSA complex with the increase in ionic strength suggested the role of hydrophobic interactions in the binding phenomenon. A significant blue shift in the absorption maxima and change in (DeltaAbs)(lambdamax) values of BR-albumin complexes upon addition of increasing concentrations of BCP revealed the BR displacing action of BCP on albumin molecule.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/chemistry*

Fulltext Effectiveness of home versus hospital phototherapy for term infants with uncomplicated hyperbilirubinemia: a pilot study in Pahang, Malaysia

Zainab K, Adlina S

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Aug;59(3):395-401.

PMID: 15727387 MyJurnal

A comparative pilot study was conducted to determine the difference in the reduction of total serum bilirubin in a group of infants who had phototherapy at home compared to an in-patient group on hospital phototherapy. Eighteen infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia who fitted the selection criteria were put under the mobile home unit (Bluelite Portable Light) placed in the home. A control group of 18 infants with the same matching characteristics had intense phototherapy in the hospital using a unit with top and bottom light sources. The infants were matched for race, starting total serum bilirubin level, birth weight (up to 250 grams) and age of baby at initiation of phototherapy (up to one-day difference). It was observed that the mean daily decrease in serum bilirubin concentration was significantly more in the home group as compared to the hospital group (t=2.95, df=17, P<0.05). The mean duration of treatment was significantly less for the home group as compared to the hospital group (t=2.84, df=17, P<0.05). None of the infants who had home phototherapy were re-hospitalized. Phototherapy related complications were mild and comparable in both groups. The result suggests that home phototherapy is safe and effective in bringing down the concentration of serum bilirubin for term babies with uncomplicated hyperbilirubinaemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/blood; Hyperbilirubinemia/therapy*

Fulltext The use of r value

Yadav H

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):143-4.

PMID: 3834287

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/blood*

Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in fullterm Chinese and Malay infants

Tan KL

Acta Paediatr Scand, 1982 Jul;71(4):593-6.

PMID: 7136674

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/blood*

The effect of early BCG and smallpox immunization on serum bilirubin levels in the newborn

Sinniah D, Nagalingam I, Chua CP, Khoo KP, Dugdale AE

Clin Pediatr (Phila), 1974 Sep;13(9):765-6.

PMID: 4429633 DOI: 10.1177/000992287401300913

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/blood*

Fulltext Use of home phototheraphy for neonatal jaudice

Adlina, S., Ambigga, D., Narimah, A.H.H., Ridha, A.Z.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2007;7(2):49-52.

MyJurnal

Home phototherapy treatment has been available in the Klang Valley (comprising Petaling ]aya, Kuala Lumpur; Shah Alam and Klang) since 2003. This study was conducted to create awareness of the existence of home phototherapy and its usage in Malaysia. This was a retrospective study using 1297 informed consent forms that parents had to read and sign prior to the commencement of home phototherapy. lt was found that the majority ofthe babies was males (41.2%), at or over 36 weelds gestation (97.2%), from areas in Selangor (57.4%), fully breastfed (53 %) and referred by doctors (98%). The mean age of the babies at initiation of lwme phototherapy was 6. 7 days. The mean bilirubin level at the start of home phototherapy was 243.8 umoVL and the mean bilirubin level at the end of home phototherapy 5 was 139.3 umoVL. The mean decrease in bilirubin level was 103.12 umoVL and the mean number of days of usage was 3.5 days which is a daily decrement of about 29 umoVL (29.46 + 13.8). Home phototherapy remains a viable clinical option for full term babies with physiological jaundice.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin

Fulltext Hepatoprotective Activity of Elephantopus scaber on Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage in Mice

Ho WY, Yeap SK, Ho CL, Abdul Rahim R, Alitheen NB

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:417953.

PMID: 22973401 DOI: 10.1155/2012/417953

Elephantopus scaber has been traditionally used as liver tonic. However, the protective effect of E. scaber on ethanol-induced liver damage is still unclear. In this study, we have compared the in vivo hepatoprotective effect of E. scaber with Phyllanthus niruri on the ethanol-induced liver damage in mice. The total phenolic and total flavanoid content of E. scaber ethanol extract were determined in this study. Accelerating serum biochemical profiles (including AST, ALT, ALP, triglyceride, and total bilirubin) associated with fat drop and necrotic body in the liver section were observed in the mice treated with ethanol. Low concentration of E. scaber was able to reduce serum biochemical profiles and the fat accumulation in the liver. Furthermore, high concentration of E. scaber and positive control P. niruri were able to revert the liver damage, which is comparable to the normal control. Added to this, E. scaber did not possess any oral acute toxicity on mice. These results suggest the potential effect of this extract as a hepatoprotective agent towards-ethanol induced liver damage without any oral acute toxicity effect. These activities might be contributed, or at least in part, by its high total phenolic and flavonoid contents.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin

Prediction of severe hyperbilirubinaemia using the Bilicheck transcutaneous bilirubinometer

Boo NY, Ishak S

J Paediatr Child Health, 2007 Apr;43(4):297-302.

PMID: 17444833

To determine the sensitivity and specificity of different levels of bilirubin measured by the transcutaneous bilirubinometer Bilicheck on forehead and sternum for predicting severe hyperbilirubinaemia of total serum bilirubin (TSB)>or=300 micromol/L in Malay, Chinese and Indian infants.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/analysis*; Bilirubin/blood; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/diagnosis*

Fulltext Circulating bilirubin levels and risk of colorectal cancer: serological and Mendelian randomization analyses

Seyed Khoei N, Jenab M, Murphy N, Banbury BL, Carreras-Torres R, Viallon V, et al.

BMC Med, 2020 09 03;18(1):229.

PMID: 32878631 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01703-w

BACKGROUND: Bilirubin, a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown and purported anti-oxidant, is thought to be cancer preventive. We conducted complementary serological and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate whether alterations in circulating levels of bilirubin are associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We decided a priori to perform analyses separately in men and women based on suggestive evidence that associations may differ by sex.

METHODS: In a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), pre-diagnostic unconjugated bilirubin (UCB, the main component of total bilirubin) concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in plasma samples of 1386 CRC cases and their individually matched controls. Additionally, 115 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) robustly associated (P bilirubin were instrumented in a 2-sample MR to test for a potential causal effect of bilirubin on CRC risk in 52,775 CRC cases and 45,940 matched controls in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO), the Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR), and the Colorectal Transdisciplinary (CORECT) study.

RESULTS: The associations between circulating UCB levels and CRC risk differed by sex (Pheterogeneity = 0.008). Among men, higher levels of UCB were positively associated with CRC risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.36; per 1-SD increment of log-UCB). In women, an inverse association was observed (OR = 0.86 (0.76-0.97)). In the MR analysis of the main UGT1A1 SNP (rs6431625), genetically predicted higher levels of total bilirubin were associated with a 7% increase in CRC risk in men (OR = 1.07 (1.02-1.12); P = 0.006; per 1-SD increment of total bilirubin), while there was no association in women (OR = 1.01 (0.96-1.06); P = 0.73). Raised bilirubin levels, predicted by instrumental variables excluding rs6431625, were suggestive of an inverse association with CRC in men, but not in women. These differences by sex did not reach formal statistical significance (Pheterogeneity ≥ 0.2).

CONCLUSIONS: Additional insight into the relationship between circulating bilirubin and CRC is needed in order to conclude on a potential causal role of bilirubin in CRC development.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/adverse effects*; Bilirubin/metabolism

Role of Liver Growth Factor (LGF) in Parkinson's Disease: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities

Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C

Mol Neurobiol, 2021 Jul;58(7):3031-3042.

PMID: 33608826 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02326-9

Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder with unclear etiology and only symptomatic treatment to date. Toward the development of novel disease-modifying agents, neurotrophic factors represent a reasonable and promising therapeutic approach. However, despite the robust preclinical evidence, clinical trials using glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin have been unsuccessful. In this direction, the therapeutic potential of other trophic factors in PD and the elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms are of paramount importance. The liver growth factor (LGF) is an albumin-bilirubin complex acting as a hepatic mitogen, which also exerts regenerative effects on several extrahepatic tissues including the brain. Accumulating evidence suggests that intracerebral and peripheral administration of LGF can enhance the outgrowth of nigrostriatal dopaminergic axonal terminals; promote the survival, migration, and differentiation of neuronal stem cells; and partially protect against dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra of PD animal models. In most studies, these effects are accompanied by improved motor behavior of the animals. Potential underlying mechanisms involve transient microglial activation, TNF-α upregulation, and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and of the transcription factor cyclic AMP response-element binding protein (CREB), along with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Herein, we summarize recent preclinical evidence on the potential role of LGF in PD pathogenesis, aiming to shed more light on the underlying molecular mechanisms and reveal novel therapeutic opportunities for this debilitating disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/administration & dosage; Bilirubin/metabolism*

How does conjugated bilirubin appear in the bloodstream?

Tarmalinggam Y, Prakash ES

Adv Physiol Educ, 2007 Dec;31(4):370-1.

PMID: 18057413

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/analogs & derivatives*; Bilirubin/blood

Fulltext Occurrence of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) as a Rare Oral Manifestation in a Patient with Gilbert's Syndrome

Heboyan A, Avetisyan A, Skallevold HE, Rokaya D, Marla V, Vardanyan A

Case Rep Dent, 2021;2021:6648729.

PMID: 33953989 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6648729

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is an ulcerative disease of the oral cavity and can occur in isolation or as a manifestation of many systemic diseases. It is a quite common entity and may hence often be overlooked as an isolated lesion. Gilbert's syndrome is a genetic disorder where a deficiency of an enzyme associated with the conjugation of bilirubin results in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The disease is generally asymptomatic and is aggravated by certain trigger factors. No associated oral manifestations are known. In this case report, we discuss the concomitant presence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in a patient of Gilbert's syndrome. The presence of such recurrent stomatitis may represent as an oral manifestation of Gilbert's syndrome. Early identification of these entities may improve the overall quality of life of the patient.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin; Hyperbilirubinemia

Fulltext Factors affecting severity of neonatal jaundice in patients presenting from home

Pang MF, Ling SG

JUMMEC, 2000;5(1):24-27.

A descriptive study of full-term neonates with jaundice was carried out to determine factors affecting severity of neonatal jaundice for those infants presenting to the hospital from their homes. Severe jaundice (serum bilirubin >=250 µmol/l) was significantly more likely in infants whose mothers consumed traditional herbs during the postpartum period (p<0.001) and if the jaundice was first detected by the parents or relatives rather than by medical personnel (p<0.05). In addition, the interval between detection of jaundice and presentation to hospital was significantly longer in jaundice that was first detected by parents compared to those detected by medical personnel. In conclusion, factors affecting severity of neonatal jaundice for infants who present from home could be influenced by the socio-cultural practices of maternal postpartum use of herbs, the ability of parents to detect jaundice and the urgency of tlie parents in seeking medical treatment once the jaundice was detected. Further studies need to be done to explore the association of these factors with neonatal jaundice more specifically. KEYWORDS: Hyperbilirubinaemia, socio-cultural practices, herbs.
Study site: Paediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin

Etiology, outcome and prognostic indicators of acute liver failure in Asian children

Ng RT, Chew KS, Choong CL, Song ZL, Teh JKL, Koay ZL, et al.

Hepatol Int, 2022 Dec;16(6):1390-1397.

PMID: 36131224 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10417-5

OBJECTIVE: Outcome of pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) in countries with limited availability of LT is not well described. We evaluated the outcome and prognostic indicators of PALF in Malaysia where emergency LT for ALF is limited.

METHODS: In this retrospective review on children bilirubin) and upon admission (aLIU) on outcome of PALF was evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.

RESULTS: Of 77 children (39 males [51%]; median age 2.8 years) with PALF, the overall survival was 55% (n = 42); 52% (n = 40) survived with supportive management, 2.6% (n = 2) after LT. As compared to children who survived without LT, children who had LT/died had lower hemoglobin, aspartate transferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and higher serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, ammonia, and serum sodium (p bilirubin > 452 μmol/L and peak GGT bilirubin and low GGT predict poor outcome of PALF. LIU score is a good model in predicting outcome of PALF and maybe useful in selecting children for emergency LT.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin

Fulltext Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice: Part II. Highly Used Plant Species from Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Combretaceae, and Fabaceae Families

Tewari D, Mocan A, Parvanov ED, Sah AN, Nabavi SM, Huminiecki L, et al.

Front Pharmacol, 2017;8:519.

PMID: 28848436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00519

In many developing countries, jaundice is the common symptom of hepatic diseases which are a major cause of mortality. The use of natural product-based therapies is very popular for such hepatic disorders. A great number of medicinal plants have been utilized for this purpose and some facilitated the discovery of active compounds which helped the development of new synthetic drugs against jaundice. However, more epidemiological studies and clinical trials are required for the practical implementation of the plant pharmacotherapy of jaundice. The focus of this second part of our review is on several of the most prominent plants used against jaundice identified in the analysis performed in the first part of the review viz. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Terminalia chebula Retz., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and some species of genus Phyllanthus. Furthermore, we discuss their physiological effects, biologically active ingredients, and the potential mechanisms of action. Some of the most important active ingredients were silybin (also recommended by German commission), phyllanthin and andrographolide, whose action leads to bilirubin reduction and normalization of the levels of relevant serum enzymes indicative for the pathophysiological status of the liver.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin

Characterization of erythrosine B binding to bovine serum albumin and bilirubin displacement

Mathavan VM, Boh BK, Tayyab S

Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 2009 Aug;46(4):325-31.

PMID: 19788065

The interaction of crythrosine B (ErB), a commonly used dye for coloring foods and drinks, with bovine scrum albumin (BSA) was investigated both in the absence and presence of bilirubin (BR) using absorption and absorption difference spectroscopy. ErB binding to BSA was reflected from a significant red shift of 11 nm in the absorption maximum of ErB (527 nm) with the change in absorbance at lamdamax. Analysis of absorption difference spectroscopic titration results of BSA with increasing concentrations of ErB3 using Benesi-Hildebrand equation gave the association constant, K as 6.9 x 10(4) M(-1). BR displacing action of ErB was revealed by a significant blue shift in the absorption maximum, accompanied by a decrease in absorbance difference at lamdamax in the difference spectrum of BR-BSA complex upon addition of increasing concentrations of ErB. This was further substantiated by fluorescence spectroscopy, as addition of increasing concentrations of ErB to BR-BSA complex caused a significant decrease in fluoresccnce at 510 nm. The results suggest that ErB binds to a site in the vicinity of BR binding site on BSA. Therefore, intake of ErB may increase the risk of hyperbilirubinemia in the healthy subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/chemistry*

Efficacy of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice is increased by the use of low-cost white reflecting curtains

Djokomuljanto S, Quah BS, Surini Y, Noraida R, Ismail NZ, Hansen TW, et al.

Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., 2006 Nov;91(6):F439-42.

PMID: 16877479

To determine whether the addition of low-cost reflecting curtains to a standard phototherapy unit could increase effectiveness of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/blood

Poor correlation between hemolysis and jaundice in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient babies

Jalloh S, Van Rostenberghe H, Yusoff NM, Ghazali S, Nik Ismail NZ, Matsuo M, et al.

Pediatr Int, 2005 Jun;47(3):258-61.

PMID: 15910447

The role of hemolysis in the pathophysiology of neonatal jaundice (NNJ) in patients with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency has been questioned recently. The aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of hemolysis to the pathophysiology of jaundice in Malay neonates with G6PD deficiency and NNJ.

Matched MeSH terms: Bilirubin/blood

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