MyMedR

Fulltext Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils and Their Compounds for Application in Skin Fungal Infections: Conventional and Nonconventional Approaches

Abd Rashed A, Rathi DG, Ahmad Nasir NAH, Abd Rahman AZ

Molecules, 2021 Feb 19;26(4).

PMID: 33669627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041093

Essential oils (EOs) are known to have varying degrees of antimicrobial properties that are mainly due to the presence of bioactive compounds. These include antiviral, nematicidal, antifungal, insecticidal and antioxidant properties. This review highlights the potential of EOs and their compounds for application as antifungal agents for the treatment of skin diseases via conventional and nonconventional approaches. A search was conducted using three databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar), and all relevant articles from the period of 2010-2020 that are freely available in English were extracted. In our findings, EOs with a high percentage of monoterpenes showed strong ability as potential antifungal agents. Lavandula sp., Salvia sp., Thymus sp., Citrus sp., and Cymbopogon sp. were among the various species found to show excellent antifungal properties against various skin diseases. Some researchers developed advanced formulations such as gel, semi-solid, and ointment bases to further evaluate the effectiveness of EOs as antifungal agents. To date, most studies on the application of EOs as antifungal agents were performed using in vitro techniques, and only a limited number pursued in vivo and intervention-based research.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/drug therapy*; Dermatomycoses/microbiology

Subcutaneous Infection Associated with Trichosporon ovoides: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Mohd Tap R, Sabaratnam P, Ramli NY, Hashim R, Mohd Fuat AR, Ng PP, et al.

Mycopathologia, 2016 Apr;181(3-4):285-90.

PMID: 26493614 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9958-2

Trichosporon species are opportunistic yeasts which can cause infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. This is a report of Trichosporon ovoides that caused subcutaneous infection in a patient with underlying ischemic heart disease. The identification of fungal isolate was confirmed by PCR sequencing of ITS and large subunit regions in rRNA gene. In vitro susceptibility study showed that the isolate was susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole, and resistant to caspofungin, anidulafungin and itraconazole. The lesion improved after treatment with oral fluconazole and topical miconazole.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/drug therapy*; Dermatomycoses/microbiology

Chaetomium globosum Cutaneous Fungal Infection Confirmed by Molecular Identification: A Case Report from Malaysia

Mohd Tap R, Sabaratnam P, Ahmad NA, Abd Razak MF, Hashim R, Ahmad N

Mycopathologia, 2015 Aug;180(1-2):137-41.

PMID: 25894509 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9890-5

An 11-year-old girl presented with multiple blisters on her the right foot complicated with cellulitis. The conventional and molecular identification were performed on the culture. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in rRNA gene of the isolate was amplified by PCR. The sequence of the amplified ITS region matched 99 % with that of Chaetomium globosum in the GenBank. This is the first report describing C. globosum causing cutaneous infection in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/complications; Dermatomycoses/diagnosis*; Dermatomycoses/microbiology; Dermatomycoses/pathology*

Dermatophytes isolated from patients in University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Ng KP, Soo-Hoo TS, Na SL, Ang LS

Mycopathologia, 2002;155(4):203-6.

PMID: 12650596

A total of 576 dermatophytes were isolated from patients with a variety of skin infections from January 1993 to May 2000. Ten species of dermatophytes were identified: Epidermophyton floccosum (0.7%), Microsporum audouinii (1.1%), M. canis (3.1%), M. gypseum (0.3%), Trichophyton concentricum (3.5%), T. equinum (0.2%), T. mentagrophytes (36.1%), T. rubrum (53.8%), T. verrucosum (0.2) and T. violaceum (1.0%). The body sites most frequently affected by dermatophytes were the buttocks, nails and trunk. Anthropophilic dermatophytes made up 60.1% of the isolates; the most common species was T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and M. canis were the two main zoophilic dermatophytes. T. mentagrophytes was isolated from all body sites except the scalp. M. canis was found to be associated with domestic dogs and was not isolated from ethnic Malays. The only geophilic dermatophyte was M. gypseum, an uncommon dermatophyte associated with tinea pedis.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/microbiology*; Dermatomycoses/epidemiology

Penicillium marneffei infection in an African man

Yap FB, Thevarajah S, Asmah J

Dermatol. Online J., 2010;16(7):2.

PMID: 20673530

Penicilliosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Penicillium marneffei. The infection is most commonly seen in Southeast Asia, Southern China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. It is rarely seen among individuals of African descent. Here, we report a case of penicilliosis in an African man from Namibia who was studying in Malaysia. He presented with multiple umbilicated papules associated with cough, fever, loss of appetite, and weight. He also had urethral discharge and admitted to unprotected sexual intercourse with multiple partners. Histopathological examination of a skin papule showed the presence of multiple 2 to 4 microm intracellular yeast cells. Culture of the papule revealed Penicillium marneffei. The serology for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was positive. This case illustrates the need to recognize penicilliosis in any individuals staying or travelling to Southeast Asia and the need to look for underlying HIV infection in adults with umbilicated papules.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/diagnosis*; Dermatomycoses/drug therapy; Dermatomycoses/microbiology; Dermatomycoses/pathology

Short treatment schedules of itraconazole in dermatophytosis

Chow KW, Ting HC, Yap YP, Yee KC, Purushotaman A, Subramanian S, et al.

Int J Dermatol, 1998 Jun;37(6):446-8.

PMID: 9646134

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/drug therapy*

Skin and subcutaneous infections in south-east Asia

Nor NM, Baseri MM

Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis., 2015 Apr;28(2):133-8.

PMID: 25706913 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000150

We reviewed current literature on four different skin and subcutaneous infections which are often touted as 'emerging diseases' of south-east Asia, namely melioidosis, penicilliosis, sporotrichosis and Mycobacterium marinum infection. Lack of consensus treatment guidelines, high treatment costs and limited investigative capability in certain endemic areas are among the challenges faced by managing physicians. With the increase in borderless travelling, it is hoped that this review will facilitate better understanding and heighten the clinical suspicion of such infections for clinicians in other parts of the world.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/diagnosis; Dermatomycoses/microbiology*; Dermatomycoses/epidemiology*; Dermatomycoses/pathology

Efficacy of modified Leeming-Notman media in a resazurin microtiter assay in the evaluation of in-vitro activity of fluconazole against Malassezia furfur ATCC 14521

Far FE, Al-Obaidi MMJ, Desa MNM

J Mycol Med, 2018 Sep;28(3):486-491.

PMID: 29753721 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.04.007

BACKGROUND: Malassezia furfur is lipodependent yeast like fungus that causes superficial mycoses such as pityriasis versicolor and dandruff. Nevertheless, there are no standard reference methods to perform susceptibility test of Malassezia species yet.

AIMS: Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the optimized culture medium for growth of this lipophilic yeast using modified leeming-Notman agar and colorimetric resazurin microtiter assay to assess antimycotic activity of fluconazole against M. furfur.

RESULTS: The result showed that these assays were more adjustable for M. furfur with reliable and reproducible MIC end-point, by confirming antimycotic activity of fluconazole with MIC of 2μg/ml.

CONCLUSION: We conclude that this method is considered as the rapid and effective susceptibility testing of M. furfur with fluconazole antifungal activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/microbiology

Antifungal activity of Andrographis paniculata extracts and active principles against skin pathogenic fungal strains in vitro

Sule A, Ahmed QU, Latip J, Samah OA, Omar MN, Umar A, et al.

Pharm Biol, 2012 Jul;50(7):850-6.

PMID: 22587518 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.641021

Andrographis paniculata Nees. (Acanthaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant widely cultivated in southern Asia, China, and Europe. It is used in the treatment of skin infections in India, China, and Malaysia by folk medicine practitioners.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses*

Fulltext Fungal infection in an infantry battalion in Malaya

Harris GF

Proc. R. Soc. Med., 1962 Jul;55:562-3.

PMID: 13904834

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/epidemiology*

Synthesis, spectral characterization, self-assembly and biological studies of N-acyl-2-pyrazolines bearing long alkoxy side chains

Abbas A, Nazir H, Naseer MM, Bolte M, Hussain S, Hafeez N, et al.

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2014;120:176-84.

PMID: 24177882 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.023

A series of new pyrazoline derivatives (1b-4c) bearing N-acyl arms and nine to twelve carbon long alkoxy side chains was synthesized and characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data and microanalysis. The nature of self-assembly to understand the interplay of alkoxy chain crystallization and various supramolecular interactions was investigated using single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Interesting self-assembled supramolecular structures of 1b and 4c were observed in the crystal lattice owing to various CH⋯O, H⋯H, CH⋯π, lonepair⋯π and π⋯π interactions. Further, all the synthesized compounds (1b-4c) were screened for their in vitro antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds 2b, 3b, 2c and 3c showed significant to moderate antifungal activity against Microsporum canis whereas most of the other compounds were found inactive against all the five tested fungal strains. Good anti-inflammatory activity was observed for compounds 1b with IC50 value 331 μM compared to 273 μM for Indomethacine, a standard reference drug. The bio-activity data demonstrates the relationship between lipophilicity, solubility and bioavailability.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/drug therapy

Pattern of skin diseases among patients attending an outpatient dermatology clinic in a tertiary hospital in urban Malaysia

Kwan Z, Wong SM, Robinson S, Tan LL, Ismail R

Australas J Dermatol, 2017 Nov;58(4):e267-e268.

PMID: 28660702 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12541

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/epidemiology

Fulltext The first report of terbinafine resistance Microsporum canis from a cat

Hsiao YH, Chen C, Han HS, Kano R

J Vet Med Sci, 2018 Jun 06;80(6):898-900.

PMID: 29657238 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0680

A 2-year-old, exotic shorthair cat presented with baldness and mild scaling on trunk that was confirmed as Microsporum canis (M. canis) infection by the following methods. Wood's lamp and trichogram were used to demonstrate fungal elements suggestive of dermatophytosis consistent with M. canis. Dermatophyte test medium (DTM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for identification. E-test and broth microdilution test were then utilized to estimate antifungal minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) towards ITZ and TRF respectively. The strain was isolated from the patient and revealed TRF MIC >32 µg/ml and ITZ MIC 0.023 µg/ml. Patient was cured of dermatophytosis with systemic ITZ.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/drug therapy; Dermatomycoses/microbiology; Dermatomycoses/veterinary*

Fulltext Phialophora richardsiae isolated from a cutaneous lesion

Suppiah M, Chin CS, Keah KC

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Dec;42(4):306-8.

PMID: 3454404

Human infections due to Phialophora richardsiae, first described in 1968, is usually associated with subcutaneous cysts, although there have been reported cases of ulcerative lesions with discharging sinuses as well as infection of bones and tendon sheaths.1,2,3 Because infections by P.richardsiae are rare and the fungus relatively unknown in Malaysia, it was thought worthwhile to report the isolation of this fungus from a cutaneous lesion.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/microbiology*

Fulltext Genome Anatomy of Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis UM 256, a Multidrug Resistant Strain Isolated from Skin Scraping

Toh YF, Yew SM, Chan CL, Na SL, Lee KW, Hoh CC, et al.

PLoS One, 2016;11(9):e0162095.

PMID: 27626635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162095

Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis is a rare human pathogen that causes infection in human skin and nail. P. unguis-hominis has received little attention, and thus, the basic biology and pathogenicity of this fungus is not fully understood. In this study, we performed in-depth analysis of the P. unguis-hominis UM 256 genome that was isolated from the skin scraping of a dermatitis patient. The isolate was identified to species level using a comprehensive multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pyrenochaeta. The assembled UM 256 genome has a size of 35.5 Mb and encodes 12,545 putative genes, and 0.34% of the assembled genome is predicted transposable elements. Its genomic features propose that the fungus is a heterothallic fungus that encodes a wide array of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, peptidases, and secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes. Antifungal drug resistance genes including MDR, CDR, and ERG11/CYP51 were identified in P. unguis-hominis UM 256, which may confer resistance to this fungus. The genome analysis of P. unguis-hominis provides an insight into molecular and genetic basis of the fungal lifestyles, understanding the unrevealed biology of antifungal resistance in this fungus.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/microbiology*

Dermatomycoses in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Tzar M, Zetti Z, Ramliza R, Sharifah A, Leelavathi M

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1737-1742.

Prevalence of dermatomycoses varies from one centre to another due to many factors. Knowledge of local prevalence is useful to aid clinical diagnosis and treatment. Due to lack of data in Malaysia, this study aimed to look at the causes of dermatomycoses in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Dermatological specimens including skin scrapings, hair and nail clippings were collected carefully from clinically suspected cases of dermatomycoses between 2008 and 2010. All cultures of skin, hair and nails that yielded positive fungal growth were included. Any fungal growth outside the streaking area, duplicate and incomplete data were excluded from the study. Three-hundred-fifty-eight patients were included. Male patients were slightly more than females with a ratio of 1.2:1. The median age was 53 years old with interquartile range of 38-64 years. More than half (53.6%) belonged to 20-60 years age group. Rates of culture isolation were 89.0% for nails, 56.2% for hair and 55.6% for skin. Five-hundred-twenty-two fungi were isolated from 358 clinical specimens. Non-dermatophyte moulds (NDMs) represented the largest group (50.5%; mainly Aspergillus species 18.7%), followed by yeasts (41.6%; mainly Candida species 26.8%) and dermatophytes (7.9%; mainly Trichophyton species 7.7%). In conclusion, NDMs and yeasts were more commonly isolated than dermatophytes from dermatological specimens in this centre. Current treatment regime that focuses on dermatophytes may be ineffective to treat dermatomycoses caused by NDMs or yeasts. Antifungal susceptibility study may be needed to guide therapy in recalcitrant cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses

Fulltext Seroprevalence of Malassezia furfur in an urban population in Malaysia

Chua KB, Devi S, Hooi PS, Chong KH, Phua KL, Mak JW

Malays J Pathol, 2003 Jun;25(1):49-56.

PMID: 16196378

An in-house prepared M. furfur antigen was used to carry out a seroprevalence study in an urban population in Malaysia by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Of the 800 serum samples from all ages screened, 738 samples were positive for M. furfur specific IgG, giving an overall seropositive rate of 92.3%. There was no significant difference in the seropositive rates among the different gender group and races. However, there was a statistical significant difference in the seropositive rate among different age groups with a lower rate (73%) for the age group 5 years old and below, which increased rapidly to 99% for the 16 to 20 years old age group but declined slightly for the oldest age group. The degree of seropositivity, which semi-quantitatively reflect the anti-M. furfur specific IgG titre, did not show any significant difference among the gender and racial groups. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in the degree of seropositivity among the various age groups, with the 16 to 20 years old age group having the highest antibody titre and the extreme of age groups having the lower antibody titre.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/blood*; Dermatomycoses/immunology*

Maid abuse

Murty OP

J Forensic Leg Med, 2009 Jul;16(5):290-6.

PMID: 19481715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2008.12.020

Domestic maid violence is an assault and coercive behaviour, which mainly includes physical, psychological and at times sexual too, by employer or household members of employer against a person hired as a domestic help. Maid abuse is well known but poorly documented in scientific literature. This is an important global issue. In this article, two illustrated cases of maid abuse are discussed. Their employers allegedly subjected both the victims to physical and psychological trauma. The physical examination of the victims showed poor state of clothing, nutrition, and presence of injuries of different duration. The bruises were irregular to patterned, and were inflicted by beating. Both cases had eczematous contact dermatitis over palms and soles, paronechia, and sub-ungal fungal infection due to unprotected working in wet conditions. In both cases, external ears were deformed like cauliflowers due to repeated trauma. All cases had multiple injuries of varying duration. In this paper, medico-legal and social issues related to maid abuse are also discussed in detail. A possible solution to minimise maid abuse is also suggested. This paper highlights and document maid abuse.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses/pathology

A case of trichosporosis in Malaya

Niven JC

Malayan Medical Journal, 1936;11:223.

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses

Treatment of superficial fungal infections

Pettit JHS

Trop Doct, 1986 Jul;16(3):105-12.

PMID: 3765093 DOI: 10.1177/004947558601600305

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatomycoses

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 24 in total