MyMedR

Displaying publications 2021 - 2040 of 10379 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fabrication of oil-in-water emulsions as shelf-stable liquid non-dairy creamers: effects of homogenization pressure, oil type, and emulsifier concentration

Soo YN, Tan CP, Tan PY, Khalid N, Tan TB

J Sci Food Agric, 2021 Apr;101(6):2455-2462.
PMID: 33034060 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10871

BACKGROUND: The popularity of coffee, the second most consumed beverage in the world, contributes to the high demand for liquid non-dairy creamer (LNDC). In this study, palm olein emulsions (as LNDCs) were investigated as alternatives to the more common soybean oil-based LNDCs. LNDCs were prepared via different homogenization pressures (100-300 bar) using different types of oil (palm olein and soybean oil) and concentrations of DATEM emulsifier (5-20 g kg-1 ).
RESULTS: Increases in homogenization pressure and emulsifier concentration were observed to have significant (P 0.05) differences between the prepared and commercial LNDCs in terms of their color, appearance, and overall acceptability.
CONCLUSION: Shelf-stable LNDCs with qualities comparable to commercial LNDC were successfully fabricated. Valuable insights into the effects of homogenization pressure, oil type, and emulsifier concentration, as well as functionality and consumer acceptance of the LNDCs when added into black coffee, were obtained. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Emulsions/chemistry; Food Additives/chemistry*; Soybean Oil/chemistry*; Water/chemistry; Emulsifying Agents/chemistry
Formulation and optimization of orally disintegrating tablets of sumatriptan succinate

Sheshala R, Khan N, Darwis Y

Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 2011;59(8):920-8.
PMID: 21804234

The aims of the present research were to mask the intensely bitter taste of sumatriptan succinate and to formulate orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) of the taste masked drug. Taste masking was performed by coating sumatriptan succinate with Eudragit EPO using spray drying technique. The resultant microspheres were evaluated for thermal analysis, yield, particle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro taste masking. The tablets were formulated by mixing the taste masked microspheres with different types and concentrations of superdisintegrants and compressed using direct compression method followed by sublimation technique. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, water content, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro drug release. All the tablet formulations disintegrated in vitro within 37-410 s. The optimized formulation containing 5% Kollidon CL-SF released more than 90% of the drug within 15 min and the release was comparable to that of commercial product (Suminat®). In human volunteers, the optimized formulation was found to have a pleasant taste and mouth feel and disintegrated in the oral cavity within 41 s. The optimized formulation was found to be stable and bioequivalent with Suminat®.

Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Excipients/chemistry; Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry; Vasoconstrictor Agents/chemistry*; Sumatriptan/chemistry*
Fulltext Mushrooms: a potential natural source of anti-inflammatory compounds for medical applications

Elsayed EA, El Enshasy H, Wadaan MA, Aziz R

Mediators Inflamm, 2014;2014:805841.
PMID: 25505823 DOI: 10.1155/2014/805841

For centuries, macrofungi have been used as food and medicine in different parts of the world. This is mainly attributed to their nutritional value as a potential source of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and minerals. In addition, they also include many bioactive metabolites which make mushrooms and truffles common components in folk medicine, especially in Africa, the Middle East, China, and Japan. The reported medicinal effects of mushrooms include anti-inflammatory effects, with anti-inflammatory compounds of mushrooms comprising a highly diversified group in terms of their chemical structure. They include polysaccharides, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and many other low molecular weight molecules. The aims of this review are to report the different types of bioactive metabolites and their relevant producers, as well as the different mechanisms of action of mushroom compounds as potent anti-inflammatory agents.

Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/chemistry*; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry*; Fungi/chemistry*; Peptides/chemistry; Polysaccharides/chemistry
Extraction of nanosilica from oil palm leaves and its application as support for lipase immobilization

Onoja E, Chandren S, Razak FIA, Wahab RA

J Biotechnol, 2018 Oct 10;283:81-96.
PMID: 30063951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.07.036

The study reports the preparation of a composite consisting of magnetite coated with nanosilica extracted from oil palm leaves (OPL) ash as nanosupports for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) and its application for the synthesis of butyl butyrate. Results of immobilization parameters showed that ∼ 80% of CRL (84.5 mg) initially offered was immobilized onto the surface of the nanosupports to yield a maximum protein loading and specific activity of 67.5 ± 0.72 mg/g and 320.8 ± 0.42 U/g of support, respectively. Surface topography, morphology as well as information on surface composition obtained by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that CRL was successfully immobilized onto the nanosupports, affirming its biocompatibility. Under optimal conditions (3.5 mg/mL protein loading, at 45 ℃, 3 h and molar ratio 2:1 (1-butanol:n-butyric acid) the CRL/Gl-A-SiO2-MNPs gave a maximum yield of 94 ± 0.24% butyl butyrate as compared to 84 ± 0.32% in the lyophilized CRL. CRL/Gl-A-SiO2-MNPs showed an extended operational stability, retaining 50% of its initial activity after 17 consecutive esterification cycles. The results indicated that OPL derived nanosilica coated on magnetite can potentially be employed as carrier for lipase immobilization in replacement of the non-renewable conventionalsilica sources.

Matched MeSH terms: Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry; Fungal Proteins/chemistry; Lipase/chemistry; Silicon Dioxide/chemistry; Plant Leaves/chemistry
Emerging trends in the novel drug delivery approaches for the treatment of lung cancer

Sharma P, Mehta M, Dhanjal DS, Kaur S, Gupta G, Singh H, et al.

Chem Biol Interact, 2019 Aug 25;309:108720.
PMID: 31226287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.033

Cancer is one of the major diseases that cause a high number of deaths globally. Of the major types of cancers, lung cancer is known to be the most chronic form of cancer in the world. The conventional management of lung cancer includes different medical interventions like chemotherapy, surgical removal, and radiation therapy. However, this type of approach lacks specificity and also harms the adjacent normal cells. Lately, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising intervention in the management and treatment of lung cancers. Nanotechnology has revolutionized the existing modalities and focuses primarily on reducing toxicity and improving the bioavailability of anticancer drugs to the target tumor cells. Nanocarrier systems are being currently used extensively to exploit and to overcome the obstructions induced by cancers in the lungs. The nano-carrier-loaded therapeutic drug delivery methods have shown promising potential in treating lung cancer as its target is to control the growth of tumor cells. In this review, various modes of nano drug delivery options like liposomes, dendrimers, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and metallic nanoparticles have been discussed. Nano-carrier drug delivery systems emerge as a promising approach and thus is expected to provide newer and advanced avenues in cancer therapeutics.

Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry; Drug Carriers/chemistry*; Liposomes/chemistry; Dendrimers/chemistry; Nanoparticles/chemistry
Chemical composition of the essential oils of four Polyalthia species from Malaysia

Shakri NM, Salleh WMNHW, Khamis S, Mohamad Ali NA, Shaharudin SM

Z Naturforsch C J Biosci, 2020 Nov 26;75(11-12):473-478.
PMID: 32628641 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0097

Polyalthia is one of the largest genera in the Annonaceae family, and has been widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic fever, gastrointestinal ulcer, and generalized body pain. The present investigation reports on the extraction by hydrodistillation and the composition of the essential oils of four Polyalthia species (P. sumatrana, P. stenopetalla, P. cauliflora, and P. rumphii) growing in Malaysia. The chemical composition of these essential oils was determined by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The multivariate analysis was determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) methods. The results revealed that the studied essential oils are made up principally of bicyclogermacrene (18.8%), cis-calamenene (14.6%) and β-elemene (11.9%) for P. sumatrana; α-cadinol (13.0%) and δ-cadinene (10.2%) for P. stenopetalla; δ-elemene (38.1%) and β-cubebene (33.1%) for P. cauliflora; and finally germacrene D (33.3%) and bicyclogermacrene for P. rumphii. PCA score and HCA plots revealed that the essential oils were classified into three separated clusters of P. cauliflora (Cluster I), P. sumatrana (Cluster II), and P. stenopetalla, and P. rumphii (Cluster III) based on their characteristic chemical compositions. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil could be useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of Polyalthia essential oil.

Matched MeSH terms: Oils, Volatile/chemistry*; Sesquiterpenes/chemistry; Terpenes/chemistry; Polyalthia/chemistry*; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/chemistry
Characterization and anti-bacterial potential of iron oxide nanoparticle processed eco-friendly by plant extract

Yan LP, Gopinath SCB, Anbu P, Kasim FH, Zulhaimi HI, Yaakub ARW

Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2020;50(10):1053-1062.
PMID: 32597353 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1783678

This research comprehends iron-oxide nanoparticle (IONP) production, the apparent metallic nanostructure with unique superparamagnetic properties. Durian-rind-extract was utilized to synthesize IONP and the color of reaction mixture becomes dark brown, indicated the formation of IONPs and the peak was observed at ∼330 nm under UV-visible spectroscopy. The morphological observation under high-resolution microscopies has revealed the spherical shape and the average size (∼10 nm) of IONP. The further support was rendered by EDX-analysis showing apparent iron and oxygen peaks. XRD results displayed the crystalline planes with (110) and (300) planes at 2θ of 35.73° and 63.53°, respectively. XPS-data has clearly demonstrated the presence of Fe2P and O1s peaks. The IONPs were successfully capped by the polyphenol compounds from durian-rind-extract as evidenced by the representative peaks between 1633 and 595 cm-1 from FTIR analysis. The antimicrobial potentials of IONPs were evidenced by the disk-diffusion assay. The obtained results have abundant attention and being actively explored owing to their beneficial applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry*; Plant Extracts/chemistry*; Bombacaceae/chemistry*; Green Chemistry Technology*
An electrochemical DNA biosensor fabricated from graphene decorated with graphitic nanospheres

Raja Jamaluddin RZA, Tan LL, Chong KF, Heng LY

Nanotechnology, 2020 Nov 27;31(48):485501.
PMID: 32748805 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abab2e

Graphene decorated with graphitic nanospheres functionalized with pyrene butyric acid (PBA) is used for the first time to fabricate a DNA biosensor. The electrode was formed by attaching a DNA probe onto PBA, which had been stacked onto a graphene material decorated with graphene nanospheres (GNSs). The nanomaterial was drop-coated onto a carbon screen-printed electrode (SPE) to create the GNS-PBA modified electrode (GNS-PBA/SPE). A simple method was used to produce GNS by annealing graphene oxide (GO) solution at high temperature. Field emission scanning electron micrographs confirmed the presence of a spherical shape of GNS with a diameter range of 40-80 nm. A stable and uniform PBA-modified GNS (GNS-PBA) was obtained with a facile ultrasonication step. Thus allowing aminated DNA probes of genetically modified (GM) soybean to be attached to the nanomaterials to form the DNA biosensor. The GNS-PBA/SPE exhibited excellent electrical conductivity via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) tests using potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) as the electroactive probe. By employing an anthraquinone monosulfonic acid (AQMS) redox intercalator as the DNA hybridization indicator, the biosensor response was evaluated using the DPV electrochemical method. A good linear relationship between AQMS oxidation peak current and target DNA concentrations from 1.0 × 10-16 to 1.0 × 10-8 M with a limit of detection (LOD) of less than 1.0 × 10-16 M was obtained. Selectivity experiments revealed that the voltammetric GM DNA biosensor could discriminate complementary sequences of GM soybean from non-complementary sequences and hence good recoveries were obtained for real GM soybean sample analysis. The main advantage of using GNS is an improvement of the DNA biosensor analytical performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Graphite/chemistry*; Pyrenes/chemistry; DNA Probes/chemistry*; Nanospheres/chemistry*; Immobilized Nucleic Acids/chemistry
Controlled release formulation of agrochemical pesticide based on 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyrate nanohybrid

Hussein MZ, Hashim N, Yahaya AH, Zainal Z

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2009 Mar;9(3):2140-7.
PMID: 19435093

Hybridization of beneficial organic guest with inorganic host affords scientists an opportunity to synthesize various combinations of new organic-inorganic nanohybrids with various potential applications, especially for controlled delivery of beneficial agent and storage. A new layered organic-inorganic nanohybrid material containing an agrochemical, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyrate (DPBA) in Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide inorganic interlayer was synthesised by direct and indirect methods. Both methods yielded mesoporous-type, phase pure, well-ordered layered nanohybrids with similar basal spacing of 28.5-28.7 angstroms and organic loading of around 54.3%. Compared to the material prepared by direct method, the ion exchanged product inherited more of the host's properties especially the pore structure and the organic moiety is also more easily released. This shows that the method of preparation plays an important role in determining the resulting physicochemical properties, in particular the release property and therefore can be used as a means to tune up the release property of the beneficial agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/chemistry*; Hydroxides/chemistry; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/chemistry; Agrochemicals/chemistry*; Nanocomposites/chemistry*
Controlled release compound based on metanilate-layered double hydroxide nanohybrid

Hussein MZ, Nasir NM, Yahaya AH

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2008 Nov;8(11):5921-8.
PMID: 19198327

Metanilate-layered double hydroxide nanohybrid compound was synthesized for controlled release purposes through co-precipitation method of the metal cations and organic anion. The effect of various divalent metal cations (M2+), namely Zn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ on the formation of metanilate-LDH nanohybrids, in which metanilate anion was intercalated into three different layered double hydroxide (LDH) systems; Zn-Al, Mg-Al and Ca-Al were investigated. The syntheses were carried out with M2+ to Al3+ initial molar ratio, R of 4. The pH of the mother liquor was maintained at pH 7.5 and 10 during the synthesis, and the resulting mixture was aged at around 70 degrees C for about 18 h. The intercalation of metanilate anion into the host was found to be strongly influenced by the M2+ that formed the inorganic metal hydroxide layers. Under our experimental condition, the formation of the nanohybrid materials was found to be more feasible for the Zn-Al than for the other two systems, in which the former showed well-ordered layered organic-inorganic nanohybrid structure with good crystallinity. Intercalation is confirmed by the expansion of the interlayer spacing to about 15-17 A when metanilate was introduced into the interlamellae of Zn-Al LDHs. In addition, CHNS and FTIR analyses also support that metanilate anion has been successfully intercalated into the interlamellae of the inorganic LDH. Apart from M2+, this study also shows that the initial pH of the mother liquor plays an important role in determining the physicochemical properties of the resulting nanohybrids, especially the mole fraction of the Zn2+ substituted by the Al3+ ion in the LDH inorganic sheets which in turn controlled the loading percentage of the organic anion, surface properties and the true density. Preliminary study shows that LDH can be used to host beneficial guests, active agent with controlled release capability of the guests. Generally the overall process is governed by pseudo second order kinetic but for the first 180 min, the release process can be slightly better described by parabolic diffusion than the other models.

Matched MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry*; Hydroxides/chemistry*; Metals/chemistry*; Macromolecular Substances/chemistry; Nanostructures/chemistry*
Characterization of polymeric micelles for pulmonary delivery of beclomethasone dipropionate

Gaber NN, Darwis Y, Peh KK, Tan YT

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2006 10 20;6(9-10):3095-101.
PMID: 17048523

The potential of using poly-(ethylene oxide)-block-distearoyl phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (mPEG-DSPE) polymer to prepare BDP-loaded micelles with high entrapment efficiency and mass median aerodynamic diameter of less than 5 microm demonstrating sustained release properties was evaluated. The result showed that lyophilized BDP-loaded polymeric micelles with entrapment efficiency of more than 96% could be achieved. Entrapment efficiency was affected by both the drug to polymer molar ratio and the amount of drug used. Investigation using FTIR and DSC confirmed that there was no chemical or physical interaction and the drug was molecularly dispersed within the micelles. TEM images showed that the drug-loaded polymeric micelles were spherical in shape with multivesicular morphology. Further analysis by photon correlation spectroscopy indicated that the particle size of the BDP-loaded micelles was about 22 nm in size. In vitro drug release showed a promising sustained release profile over six days following the Higuchi model. The mass median aerodynamic diameter and fine particle fraction were suitable for pulmonary delivery. Moreover, the small amount of deposited drug in the induction port (throat deposition) suggested possible reduction in incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis, a side effect normally associated with inhaled corticosteroids therapy. The high encapsulation efficiency, comparable inhalation properties, sustained release behavior together with biocompatibility nature of the polymer support the potential of BDP-loaded polymeric micelles as a versatile delivery system to be used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Aerosols/chemistry; Beclomethasone/chemistry*; Colloids/chemistry*; Drug Carriers/chemistry*; Nanostructures/chemistry*
A facile approach to prepare regenerated cellulose/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposite using room-temperature ionic liquid

Mahmoudian S, Wahit MU, Imran M, Ismail AF, Balakrishnan H

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2012 Jul;12(7):5233-9.
PMID: 22966551

This study presents the preparation of regenerated cellulose (RC)/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanocomposites via room temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) using solution casting method. The thermal stability, gas permeability, water absorption and mechanical properties of the films were studied. The synthesized nanocomposite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The T20 decomposition temperature of regenerated cellulose improved with the addition of graphene nanoplatelets up to 5 wt%. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of RC films improved by 34 and 56%, respectively with the addition of 3 wt% GNPs. The nanocomposite films exhibited improved oxygen and carbon dioxide gas barrier properties and water absorption resistance compared to RC. XRD and SEM results showed good interaction between RC and GNPs and well dispersion of graphene nanoplatelets in regenerated cellulose. The FTIR spectra showed that the addition of GNPs in RC did not result in any noticeable change in its chemical structure.

Matched MeSH terms: Cellulose/chemistry*; Graphite/chemistry*; Macromolecular Substances/chemistry; Nanostructures/chemistry*; Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
Observation of a cubical-like microstructure of strontium iron garnet and yttrium iron garnet prepared via sol-gel technique

Nasir N, Yahya N, Kashif M, Daud H, Akhtar MN, Zaid HM, et al.

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2011 Mar;11(3):2551-4.
PMID: 21449424

This is our initial response towards preparation of nano-inductors garnet for high operating frequencies strontium iron garnet (Sr3Fe5O12) denoted as SrIG and yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12) denoted as YIG. The garnet nano crystals were prepared by novel sol-gel technique. The phase and crystal structure of the prepared samples were identified by using X-ray diffraction analysis. SEM images were done to reveal the surface morphology of the samples. Raman spectra was taken for yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12). The magnetic properties of the samples namely initial permeability (micro), relative loss factor (RLF) and quality factor (Q-Factor) were done by using LCR meter. From the XRD profile, both of the Y3Fe5O12 and Sr3Fe5O12 samples showed single phase garnet and crystallization had completely occurred at 900 degrees C for the SrIG and 950 degrees C for the YIG samples. The YIG sample showed extremely low RLF value (0.0082) and high density 4.623 g/cm3. Interesting however is the high Q factor (20-60) shown by the Sr3Fe5O12 sample from 20-100 MHz. This high performance magnetic property is attributed to the homogenous and cubical-like microstructure. The YIG particles were used as magnetic feeder for EM transmitter. It was observed that YIG magnetic feeder with the EM transmitter gave 39% higher magnetic field than without YIG magnetic feeder.

Matched MeSH terms: Iron/chemistry*; Strontium/chemistry*; Yttrium/chemistry*; Macromolecular Substances/chemistry; Nanostructures/chemistry*
Characterization of alcohol/salt aqueous two-phase system for optimal separation of gallic acids

Ng HS, Kee PE, Yim HS, Tan JS, Chow YH, Lan JC

J Biosci Bioeng, 2021 May;131(5):537-542.
PMID: 33674222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.01.004

Gallic acid (GA) is a hydrophilic polyphenol which is noteworthy for strong antioxidant capacity. The drawbacks of conventional extraction approaches such as time-consuming and high processing cost are often viewed as a hurdle to extract GA from plant sources in industrial scale. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a separation approach which can be employed as an alternative to the conventional approaches. The partition behaviour of GA in an alcohol/salt ATPS was investigated in this study to aid the development of industrial scale ATPS to extract GA from natural sources. The separation of GA was characterized by determining the types of alcohol and salt, phase composition, sample load, pH of the system and addition of adjuvants applied in the alcohol/salt ATPS construction. The hydrophilic GA was targeted to the salt-rich phase of the alcohol/salt ATPS with a partition coefficient (KGA) of 25.00 ± 0.00. The optimum condition of ATPS for the maximum partition of GA was achieved in ATPS comprised of 24% (w/w) 1-propanol and 22% (w/w) phosphate salt at pH 8 with 5% (w/w) of 1 mg/mL sample loading and 2% (w/w) NaCl addition. The findings suggest that ATPS can be applied for separation of GA from various natural sources.

Matched MeSH terms: Alcohols/chemistry*; Gallic Acid/chemistry; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry; Salts/chemistry*; Water/chemistry*
Bioseparation of phycocyanin from Phormidium tergestinum using an aqueous two-phase system

Tan JS, Abbasiliasi S, Lalung J, Tam YJ, Murugan P, Lee CK

Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2021;51(3):260-266.
PMID: 32876520 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1808793

This study aimed at purification of phycocyanin (PC) from Phormidium tergestinum using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) comprised of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salts. The partitioning efficiency of PC in ATPS and the effect of phase composition, pH, crude loading, and neutral salts on purification factor and yield were investigated. Results showed that PC was selectively partitioned toward bottom phase of the system containing potassium phosphate. Under optimum conditions of 20% (w/w) PEG 4000, 10% (w/w) potassium phosphate, 20% (v/v) crude load at pH 7, with addition of 0.5% (w/w) NaCl, PC from P. tergestinum was partially purified up to 5.34-fold with a yield of 87.8%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of PC was ∼19 kDa. Results from this study demonstrated ATPS could be used as a potential approach for the purification of PC from P. tergestinum.

Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates/chemistry; Phycocyanin/chemistry*; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry; Water/chemistry; Potassium Compounds/chemistry
Dissipation of acephate, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their metabolites in a humid-tropical vegetable production system

Chai LK, Mohd-Tahir N, Bruun Hansen HC

Pest Manag Sci, 2009 Feb;65(2):189-96.
PMID: 18979521 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1667

High amounts of insecticides are often used in intensive tropical vegetable production systems. Their persistence and residues in vegetables and soils need to be studied to ensure food safety and environmental stability. The dissipation of acephate, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their metabolites was studied in green mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Coss.] and soils. Two treatments, Impact 75 (acephate) and Agent 505 (cypermethrin plus chlorpyrifos), were applied 4 times at weekly intervals.

Matched MeSH terms: Chlorpyrifos/chemistry; Mustard Plant/chemistry*; Organothiophosphorus Compounds/chemistry; Pesticide Residues/chemistry; Pyrethrins/chemistry
Chemical investigation and biological activities of the essential oil of Knema kunstleri Warb. from Malaysia

Salleh WMNHW, Anuar MZA, Khamis S, Nafiah MA, Sul'ain MD

Nat Prod Res, 2021 Jul;35(13):2279-2284.
PMID: 31544509 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1669027

The chemical composition of the essential oil of Knema kunstleri Warb. (Myristicaceae) was investigated for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 36 components were identified in the essential oil, which made up 91.7% of the total oil. The essential oil is composed mainly of β-caryophyllene (23.2%), bicyclogermacrene (9.6%), δ-cadinene (7.3%), α-humulene (5.7%), and germacrene D (4.3%). The essential oil showed moderate activity towards DPPH free-radical scavenging and lipoxygenase inhibition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the composition and bioactivities of the essential oil report concerning the genus Knema.

Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry; Oils, Volatile/chemistry; Picrates/chemistry; Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry; Myristicaceae/chemistry*
Fulltext Accelerated Solvent Extractions (ASE) of Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (Kratom) Leaves: Evaluation of Its Cytotoxicity and Antinociceptive Activity

Goh YS, Karunakaran T, Murugaiyah V, Santhanam R, Abu Bakar MH, Ramanathan S

Molecules, 2021 Jun 17;26(12).
PMID: 34204457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123704

Mitragyna speciosa Korth (kratom) is known for its psychoactive and analgesic properties. Mitragynine is the primary constituent present in kratom leaves. This study highlights the utilisation of the green accelerated solvent extraction technique to produce a better, non-toxic and antinociceptive active botanical extract of kratom. ASE M. speciosa extract had a dry yield (0.53-2.91 g) and showed a constant mitragynine content (6.53-7.19%) when extracted with organic solvents of different polarities. It only requires a shorter extraction time (5 min) and a reduced amount of solvents (less than 100 mL). A substantial amount of total phenolic (407.83 ± 2.50 GAE mg/g and flavonoids (194.00 ± 5.00 QE mg/g) were found in ASE kratom ethanol extract. The MTT test indicated that the ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract is non-cytotoxic towards HEK-293 and HeLa Chang liver cells. In mice, ASE kratom ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg) demonstrated a better antinociceptive effect compared to methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts. The presence of bioactive indole alkaloids and flavonols such as mitragynine, paynantheine, quercetin, and rutin in ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract was detected using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis supports its antinociceptive properties. ASE ethanolic leaf extract offers a better, safe, and cost-effective choice of test botanical extract for further preclinical studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry*; Solvents/chemistry; Plant Leaves/chemistry; Mitragyna/chemistry*; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/chemistry
Fulltext Plant-Based Biosynthesis of Copper/Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: An Update on Their Applications in Biomedicine, Mechanisms, and Toxicity

Letchumanan D, Sok SPM, Ibrahim S, Nagoor NH, Arshad NM

Biomolecules, 2021 04 12;11(4).
PMID: 33921379 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040564

Plants are rich in phytoconstituent biomolecules that served as a good source of medicine. More recently, they have been employed in synthesizing metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) due to their capping and reducing properties. This green synthesis approach is environmentally friendly and allows the production of the desired NPs in different sizes and shapes by manipulating parameters during the synthesis process. The most commonly used metals and oxides are gold (Au), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). Among these, Cu is a relatively low-cost metal that is more cost-effective than Au and Ag. In this review, we present an overview and current update of plant-mediated Cu/copper oxide (CuO) NPs, including their synthesis, medicinal applications, and mechanisms. Furthermore, the toxic effects of these NPs and their efficacy compared to commercial NPs are reviewed. This review provides an insight into the potential of developing plant-based Cu/CuO NPs as a therapeutic agent for various diseases in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Copper/chemistry*; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*; Green Chemistry Technology/methods; Phytochemicals/chemistry
Analytical GC-FID Method for the Determination of Organic Solvents in Radiopharmaceuticals

Hassan H, Othman MF, Zakaria ZA, Saad FFA, Abdul Razak HR

Curr Radiopharm, 2021;14(2):131-144.
PMID: 33115398 DOI: 10.2174/1874471013999201027215704

BACKGROUND: Organic solvents play an indispensable role in most of the radiopharmaceutical production stages. It is almost impossible to remove them entirely in the final formulation of the product.
OBJECTIVE: In this presented work, an analytical method by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) has been developed to determine organic solvents in radiopharmaceutical samples. The effect of injection holding time, temperature variation in the injection port, and the column temperature on the analysis time and resolution (R ≥ 1.5) of ethanol and acetonitrile was studied extensively.
METHODS: The experimental conditions were optimized with the aid of further statistical analysis; thence, the proposed method was validated following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1) guideline.
RESULTS: The proposed analytical method surpassed the acceptance criteria including the linearity > 0.990 (correlation coefficient of R2), precision < 2%, LOD, and LOQ, accuracy > 90% for all solvents. The separation between ethanol and acetonitrile was acceptable with a resolution R > 1.5. Further statistical analysis of Oneway ANOVA revealed that the increment in injection holding time and variation of temperature at the injection port did not significantly affect the analysis time. Nevertheless, the variation in injection port temperature substantially influenced the resolution of ethanol and acetonitrile peaks (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The proposed analytical method has been successfully implemented to determine the organic solvent in the [18F]fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine ([18F]FET), [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO), and [18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT).

Matched MeSH terms: Acetonitriles/chemistry; Ethanol/chemistry; Fluorine Radioisotopes/chemistry*; Solvents/chemistry*; Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry*

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links