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  1. Fulltext Coronary artery abnormality in complete Kawasaki disease children treated with immunoglobulin
    Mohd Amin Itam, Amelia Alias, Mat Bah, M.N.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2011;17(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in Kawasaki disease (KD) has been shown to reduce coronary artery aneurysm by 4-5%. However, we still observed significant number of coronary aneurysm post IVIG in our centre. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of coronary artery abnormality (CAA) and the associated risk factors.
    Designs: Retrospective descriptive study. Method: A retrospective study performed on children with KD from 1 st January 2005 to 30 th July 2010. Japanese Ministry of Health criteria were used to classify coronary arteries abnormality. Children with incomplete or atypical KD were excluded. Data were extracted from Pediatric Cardiology Clinical Information System.
    Results: A total of 126 KD were diagnosed during the study period with 69% were male and 52.4% were Chinese. The median age of diagnosis was 1.4yr [Q1, 0.6yr Q3, 2.3yr]. Of these 126, 118 (93.7%) received IVIG within 10 days of illness. Ten patients (7.9%) required more than one dose of IVIG. CAA were noted in 28 (22.2%) patients with 21 ectasia, 4 small fusiform, one small saccular and 2 medium fusiform aneurysm. Of these 28, 22 who had IVIG within 10 days of illness (18 ectasia, 3 small and one medium coronary aneurysm) Significant risk factors for CAA were older children (2.3 v s 1.7yr, p=0.03), presentation after 10days of illness (p=0.006) and required more than 2gm/kg of IVIG (p=0.04).
    Conclusion: CAA in complete KD treated with IVIG was 22.2% with 5.5% significant aneurysm. Risk factors for coronary abnormality were older children, late presentation and require more of IVIG of than 2gm/kg.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  2. Fulltext Exploring burnout among Malaysian junior doctors using the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory
    Zuraida Ahmad Sabki, Zainal NZ
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2015;24(1):23-32.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The study aimed to explore the prevalence of burnout among the junior doctors and to examine the psychometric properties of abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using aMBI self-reported questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale which was carried out on a sample of 117 junior doctors working in a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Results: Exploratory factor analysis of aMBI revealed a three-factor structure labelled as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment with Crohnbach’s alpha of 0.85, 0.59 and 0.64 respectively. The total variance was 67%. Prevalence of burnout was found at 26.5%. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were positively correlated with depression and anxiety. Shorter duration of residence (less than six months) and being posted to Trauma & Emergency unit were associated with higher mean score of burnout. Conclusion: This study provides the knowledge of level of burnout among the junior doctors and the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory has a satisfied psychometirc properties for screening burnout among junior doctors in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  3. Risk factors for under-immunisation in hospitalised preschool children
    Mariana, D., Quah, B.S., Mazidah, A.R.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2005;14(1):33-40.
    MyJurnal
    Even though vaccines are effective for prevention of diseases, compliance with recommended schedules of immunisation in early childhood is not always complete. Identification of potential risk factors associated with under-immunisation may help increase vaccination uptake. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors of under-immunisation in hospitalised preschool children in Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital (HUSM). Children aged 1 month to 2 years admitted between December 1998 and December 2000 in medical paediatric wards at HUSM were studied. Parents/guardians were interviewed during admission regarding immunisation status and potential risk factors. Children who did not have home-based cards during admission were excluded. Among 401 children, 37.9% had complete immunisation, 43.4% had delayed immunisation and 34.9% had incomplete immunisation. The uptake of BCG, DPT/OPV 1, DPT/OPV2, Hepatitis B3, DPT/OPV3, and measles were 98.5%, 90.7%, 83.2%, 81.4%,79.2% and 72.9% respectively. Vaccines scheduled to be given at later ages were significantly less likely to be taken (p=0.002) compared with vaccines scheduled to be given at an earlier age. Significant independent risk factors for under-immunisation were elderly mothers (3 40 years old) (OR 3.0, 95% CI: 1.2-8.0), low birth weight £2.0 kg (OR 6.2; 95% CI: 1.8-21.4) and presence of chronic illness in the child (OR 4.5; 95% CI: 2.5-7.9). In children whose father's education was low (primary school or no education), low maternal education was significantly associated with lower rate of under-immunisation (p = 0.005, OR 0.11 95%CI 0.02-0.51).
    In conclusion this study showed that a large proportion of hospitalised preschool children were under-immunised, and vaccines scheduled to be given at a later age had lower uptakes. The situation can be rectified if every opportunity is taken to immunise all children, who have lapsed in their immunisation schedule.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  4. Fulltext The prevalence and factors influencing posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) among helpseeking women experiencing domestic violence in Malaysia
    Normah Che Din, Soo, Siew Bee, Subramaniam, Ponnusamy, Ng, Lai Oon
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;11(2):158-170.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence and factors influencing PTSD among a sample of help-seeking women experiencing domestic violence. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study of 40 women in two shelters in Malaysia from 2007 to 2008. Measures include the Detailed Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress; the Measure of Wife Abuse; the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory; the Coping Scale for Adults; and the Provision of Social Relations. Results: Results showed that 60% of subjects
    exhibited patterns of symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of PTSD. The most prominent posttraumatic symptoms reported were re-experience, avoidance, dissociative responses, and symptoms of increased arousal. Both negative appraisals about themselves and self blame for the abusive situations were positively associated with increased tendency to develop PTSD. The greater use of optimism coping style and the higher quality social
    support appeared to lead to a significantly reduced tendency of developing PTSD. Negative appraisals about themselves were found to be the strongest positive predictor of PTSD [R² = 0.32, F(1,38)=17.67, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  5. Fulltext The prevalence of orgasmic dysfunction among Malaysian women receiving antidepressant: a comparison between escitalopram and fluoexetine
    Rozita Hod, Duni Asmindar Ahmad, Ng, Chong Guan, Hatta Sidi
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;12(1):3-13.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Female Orgasmic Dysfunction (FOD) focusing on the orgasm domain among female patients attending PPUKM Psychiatric clinic. To compare the prevalence of orgasmic dysfunction between female patients on Escitalopram and on Fluoxetine therapy.
    Methods: A validated questionnaire for sexual function was used to assess orgasmic function. A total of 112 women aged between 24 and 57 participated in this study. The orgasmic dysfunction was compared between patients on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and escitalopram.
    Results: The prevalence of female orgasmic dysfunction was 58.9% (33/56) among patients treated with Fluoxetine and 41.1% (23/56) among patients treated with Escitalopram. However, there was no statistically significant difference between these two treatment groups (p=0.059). The odds to have FOD among patients on higher dose of antidepressants was found to be higher compared to those patients who were on lower dose of antidepressants (Odds ratio 5.32, p= 0.001).
    Conclusion: There was no significant difference of Female Orgasmic Dysfunction between patients on Fluoxetine and Escitalopram.
    Study site: Psychiatric clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  6. Fulltext The role of blood transfusion in HCV infection: a study testing Ab: RNA & genotype
    Al-Kubaisy, Waqar A., Niazi, Amjad D.
    Int J Public Health Res, 2011;1(2):72-78.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) recently was identified as a major cause of post transfusion hepatitis world wide. To evaluate the role of blood transfusion on the prevalence of HCV infection, by testing antibody and RNA as well as the genotypes of HCV .Also to detect if Blood transfusion acts as unconfounding risk factor for HCV infection.
    Methods Sera from 3491 pregnant women were investigated for the presence of HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) by using third generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA-3) as screening test, followed by immunoblot assay (Lia Tek-III). In addition 94 sera of studied women were subjected to molecular analysis (at laboratories of Sorin BioMedica - Italy) for the detection of viral RNA and genotypes of HCV. Using RT-PCR & DNA Enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) method.
    Results Our study revealed, that seroprevalence rate of HCV specific Ab & RNA were significantly higher (16.32 %, 80% respectively) among women with a history of blood transfusion, compared to those (2.53%, 56.5%) with no such history P=0.0001, P=0.01. And there is a significant direct linear correlation between number of blood transfused and the seropositive rate of anti-HCV (r=0.7, p=0.046). Based on multivariate analysis, interestingly, this study confirmed that, blood transfusion significantly acting as unconfounding risk factor for acquiring HCV infection (Adjusted OR=1.938,95% C.I=1.646-2.28). And the risk of exposure is increases with increased number of blood transfused. Although, we found no significant association between, HCV genotypic distribution and history of blood transfusion. However, high proportion of women with a history of blood transfusion were harboring HCV genotype -4 or 1b, 50%,40%, resepctively.
    Conclusions Our study shows, evidence that, blood transfusion acts as unconfounding risk factor for acquiring and in a mode of transmission of HCV infection. Therefore strict screening of blood donor for HCV-Abs and / or RNA is highly recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  7. Fulltext What contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients
    Assila Abdul Hamid, Seak, Yee Sin, Goh, Zhi Ping, Nurul Amiza Mat Adam, Mohd Syukri Hashim, Khalib Abdul Latiff
    Int J Public Health Res, 2011;1(1):40-47.
    MyJurnal
    Accepted 07 August 2011.
    Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a major medical illness that drew the attention of the community. This research focused on the prevalence of five contributing factors to the progression of CKD, namely blood pressure control, glycaemic control, lipid control, smoking and alcohol intake, and explored significant association between these variables. This was a crosssectional study that examined the progression of CKD based on the worsening of CKD stages.
    Methods This study was conducted among CKD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended Nephorology Clinic, UKMMC from April to May 2011. The progression of CKD was observed for 3 consecutive visits with 3 months intervals between the visits. Information regarding demographic data and social history were obtained through face-to-face interview, followed by case note review of the blood results. Data collected was analysed using SPSS version 19.0.
    Results A total of 201 respondents were investigated, which included 39.3% (n=79) female and 60.7% (n=122) male. The mean age for the respondents was 66.9 years old (±SD 9.00). Among the respondents, 71.5% had poor glycaemic control; 59.7% had poor blood pressure control; 65.2% had poor lipid control; 19.9% smoked and 3.5% consumed alcohol. There was poor correlation, there were statistically significant association between systolic blood pressure control with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p=0.001; r=-0.229). From this research, high systolic blood pressure was associated with low GFR, which indicated poor kidney function and resulted in progression of CKD.
    Conclusions This study has clearly demonstrated that the control of blood pressure was essential in delaying the progression of CKD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  8. Fulltext HPV positivity and its' influencing factors among invasive cervical cancer women in Malaysia
    Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Norin Rahayu Samsuddin, Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed Hussain, Shamsul Azhar Shah, Syed Mohamed Aljunid
    Int J Public Health Res, 2011;1(1):13-22.
    MyJurnal
    Accepted 10 August 2011.
    Introduction Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most prevalent female cancer in Malaysia. Almost 70% of its’ causal factors are attributable to oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18 and other risk factors. HPV genotypes distributions are also noted to differ by geographical area.
    Methods This was cross sectional study conducted in 2007, to determine the influencing factors of HPV positivity and prevalence of HPV infections among patients with cervical cancer in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Patients’ paraffin-embedded cervical tissues kept in the Pathology Department from 1999 to 2007 were randomly selected. A total of 81 medical records with complete information were chosen as samples and patients were contacted for consent. Tissue samples were further derived for PCR DNA for HPV genotyping. Analyses included descriptive statistics; bivariate χ2 test and correlation were used to determine relationship between factors and HPV positivity. Significance level of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
    Results Mean age of cancer diagnosis was at 52 ± 12.2 years. Women of Chinese ethnicity was the highest ethnicity to be HPV positive at 65.4% and squamous cell carcinoma was more commonly found (59.3%) compared with other types of cancers. The prevalence of HPV positivity was 92.6% with type 16 being the most common (74.1%), followed by type 33 (30.9%) and 18 (22.2%). Multiple HPV infections were a common finding at 54.3%. Factors thought to influence positivity i.e. age of intercourse, number of sexual partners, number of parity, smoking status of patients and their partners, oral contraceptive usage, presence of chronic illnesses and cancer stage were not significantly associated with HPV positivity. Increased CC severity level was not associated with increased number of HPV infections (Pearson correlation 0.58; p =0.607).
    Conclusions High HPV positivity at 92.6% was found among ICC patients. Factors thought to influence HPV positivity were not significant. The top three HPV genotypes were type 16 followed by type 33 and 18. However, local women HPV serotypes findings need to be replicated in a larger population sample.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  9. Fulltext Prevalence of Falls among Older People attending a Primary Care Clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Sazlina, S.G., Krishnan, R., Shamsul, A.S., Zaiton, A., Visvanathan, R.
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2008;14(1):11-0.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction : The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the pattern of falls in community dwelling older people attending a primary care clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted in an urban primary care clinic. Participants aged 60 years and older were included in the study. A structured questionnaire, assessing socio-demographic variables, medical and falls history was administered by one investigator over a 3-month period in 2004.
    Results : A total of 151 respondents participated in this study with a response rate of 72%. The prevalence of falls was 47.0% over the previous 12-months period. Fifty-seven percent reported experiencing recurrent falls. Majority (61%) of falls occurred in the home and the two most common places were the bathroom (27%) and stairs (27%). Sixty-one percent of older people who fell, sustained an injury and most sought medical attention.
    Conclusion : In conclusion, falls are common amongst older people attending this primary care clinic. It occurred commonly in the home in the bathroom and near stairs. However, a larger local community study is warranted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for falls in Malaysia.

    Study site: primary care clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  10. Rapid detection of α-thalassaemia variants using droplet digital PCR
    Lee TY, Lai MI, Ramachandran V, Tan JA, Teh LK, Othman R, et al.
    Int J Lab Hematol, 2016 Aug;38(4):435-43.
    PMID: 27349818 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12520
    INTRODUCTION: Alpha thalassaemia is a highly prevalent disease globally and is a well-known public health problem in Malaysia. The deletional forms of the mutation are the most common forms found in alpha thalassaemia. The three most common deletional alpha thalassaemia found in this region include --(SEA) deletion, -α(3.7) rightward and -α(4.2) leftward deletions. The prevalence rate of triplication alpha cases such as ααα(anti3.7) and ααα(anti4.2) is not known in Malaysia although it plays a role in exacerbating the clinical phenotypes in beta thalassaemia carriers. Recently, there have been more reported cases of rare alpha thalassaemia mutations due to the advancement of molecular techniques involved in thalassaemia detections. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new method which allows the detection of different alpha thalassaemia mutations including the rare ones simultaneously and accurately.

    METHODS: The purpose of this study was to design an assay for the detection of triplications, common and rare deletional alpha thalassaemia using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).

    RESULTS: This is a quantitative detection method to measure the changes of copy number which can detect deletions, duplications and triplications of the alpha globin gene simultaneously.

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, ddPCR is an alternative method for rapid detection of alpha thalassaemia variants in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  11. Endometrial Cancer in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
    Wan-Nor-Asyikeen WA, Siti-Azrin AH, Jalil NA, Othman NH, Zain AA
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016;17(6):2867-70.
    PMID: 27356704
    BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy among females worldwide, approximately 320,000 women being diagnosed with the disease each year and 76,000 dying. To date, there is limited knowledge of endometrial cancer in Malaysia.

    OBJECTIVES: To identify the epidemiological profile and prognostic factors of survival.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A list of endometrial cancer patients in 2000-2011 was obtained from the hospital Record Department. Only cases confirmed by histopathology examination were included. We excluded those with incomplete medical records or referral cases. Simple and multiple Cox regression approaches were used for data analysis.

    RESULTS: Only 108 cases were included with a mean (SD) age of 62.7 (12.3) years, with 87.0% Malay ethnicity. Grade of cancer was: 29.1% grade 1, 43.7% grade 2 and 27.2% grade 3. The majority of patients had non-endometrioid type (60.2%), with myometrial invasion (82.2%) and lymphovascular invasion (57.3%). The significant prognostic factors were age (HR 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08, p=0.002) and having lymphovascular invasion (HR 2.15; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.29; p=0.030).

    CONCLUSIONS: Endometrial cancer patients should be diagnosed earlier to reduce the risk of mortality. The public should be given education on the signs and symptoms of the disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  12. Fulltext Prevalence of Third Molar Agenesis: Associated Dental Anomalies in Non-Syndromic 5923 Patients
    Sujon MK, Alam MK, Rahman SA
    PLoS One, 2016;11(8):e0162070.
    PMID: 27580050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162070
    The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of third molar agenesis and other associated dental anomalies in Bangladeshi population and to investigate the relationship of other dental anomalies with the third molar presence/agenesis. A retrospective study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 5923 patients, who ranged in age from 10 to 50 years. All radiographs were analyzed by Planmeca Romexis® 3.0 software (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland). Pearson chi-square and one way ANOVA (Post Hoc) test were conducted. The prevalence of third molar agenesis was 38.4%. The frequency of third molar agenesis was significantly higher in females than males (p <0.025). Third molar agenesis was significantly more prevalent in maxilla as compared to mandible (p <0.007). The prevalence of other dental anomalies was 6.5%, among them hypodontia was 3.1%. Prevalence of third molar agenesis varies in different geographic region. Among the other dental anomalies hypodontia was more prevalent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  13. Fulltext Identification of major and minor allergens of mud crab (Scylla serrata)
    Nurul Izzah, A.R., Zailatul Hani, M.Y., Noormalin, A., Faizal, B., Shahnaz, M., Rosmilah, M.
    Medicine & Health, 2015;10(2):90-97.
    MyJurnal
    Crab meat is a valuable source of proteins and functional lipids and it is widely consumed worldwide. However, the prevalence of crab allergy has increased over the past few years. In order to understand crab allergy better, it is necessary to identify crab allergens. The aim of the present study was to compare the IgE-binding proteins of raw and cooked extracts of mud crab (Scylla serrata). Raw and cooked extracts of the mud crab were prepared. Protein profiles and IgE reactivity patterns were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by immunoblotting using sera from 21 skin prick test (SPT) positive patients. In SDS-PAGE, 20 protein bands (12 to 250 kDa) were observed in the raw extract while the cooked extract demonstrated fewer bands. Protein bands between 40 to 250 kDa were sensitive to heat denaturation and no longer observed in the cooked extract. In immunoblotting experiments, raw and cooked extracts demonstrated 11 and 4 IgE-binding proteins, respectively, with molecular weights of between 23 and 250 kDa. A heat-resistant 36 kDa protein, corresponding to crab tropomyosin was identified as the major allergen of both extracts. In addition, a 41 kDa heat-sensitive protein believed to be arginine kinase was shown to be a major allergen of the raw extract. Other minor allergens were also observed at various molecular weights.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  14. Fulltext Nutritional status and early childhood caries among preschool children in Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Hasan Ruhaya, Nasruddin Jaafar, Marhazlinda Jamaluddin, Abdul Rashid Ismail, Noorliza Mastura Ismail, Tambi Chek Badariah, et al.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2012;7(2):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    This is a cross-sectional study in a representative sample of preschool children from 12 preschools (TADIKA KEMAS) Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia. Data on socioeconomic status and sources of water supply at home were collected through interview with mothers. Children’s anthropometric data (height and weight) and body-mass-index-for-age (BMI-for-age) was calculated. Oral examinations of ECC status was based on the dmft index (WHO, 1997). The results showed mean
    carious teeth were very high (dmft 11.1±4.8) and almost every preschool child was affected with ECC (prevalence 98.1%). The majority were in “high caries” category (i.e. dmft >7) and about 51.4% of preschoolers was underweight and only a few was overweight/obese. Preschool children with high caries mostly were underweight and normal of BMI. The BMI-for-age, household income and household expenditure for food were significant correlation with ECC experience (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  15. Fulltext Hiv infection among fishermen in Terengganu
    Fauziah, M.N., Anita, S., Shaari, N., Ahamad, J., Senan, Pratap, Muhammad Amir, K.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2002;2(1):21-25.
    MyJurnal
    The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of HI V iryfection, risk factors and to measure the knowledge on AIDS among fishermen in Terengganu. In this survey fishermen registered with the Malaysian Fishery Development Board in Terengganu were studied. There were 600 eligible fishermen based on a list provided by the Malaysian Fishery Development Board (MFDB). Study sites were at 6 loading centres where health personnel awaited returning fishermen between 4. 00pm —7. 00 pm during a period of one month, A total of 542 registeredfshermen were studied and this corresponded to a response rate of 90.3 %. The majority of the fishermen were Malays (98.6%}, Nine fishermen were tested positive to HIV antibody and this corresponds to a
    g prevalence of I. 7%. Prevalence of HIV is higher among those with a positive history of drug use, single marital status and also among the unskilled workers who represented the socio-economically poorer group of fishermen. Almost 89% of respondents have heard about HIV/AIDS and among these, 93% received information through TV and radio. The mean knowledge score was significantly higher among fishermen admitting to drug taking, sex with prostitutes, and those who have had at least a secondary school education. The Prevalence of HIV infection among fishermen is higher than in the general population. Risk characterisation of HI V injection was statistically signyicant onlv among fishermen who gave positive history of drug used. Findings also suggest that poorer fishermen based on multiple indicators to socioeconomic status had a higher risk of being HIV positive as well as being less knowledgeable about AIDS, Health promotion strategies should focus on the use of TV and radio as an interactive medium to reach out to risk groups among fishermen as its popularity has been determined by this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  16. Fulltext Sexually transmitted infection S (including HIV infection) care management using the “modified syndromic approach” in Malaysia
    Rohani A, Nasir AA
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2002;2(2):52-57.
    MyJurnal
    Four hundred and thirty five (435) cases 0f sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were notified from 20 (twenty) primary care clinics throughout Malaysia from June 1999 till September 2000 using the syndromic approach of STI management, adapted by the Ministry of Health based upon the criteria set by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Gonorrhoea was the most prevalent STI reported (30.34 %), followed by candidiasis (28.05%), syphilis (15.17%) and non-specific urethritis (NSU) — 14.02%) . As seen in most other parts of the world, the younger age groups (those between twenty and thirty nine years old) were found to be more commonly infected with STIs. Initial analysis shows that systematic data collection based on the syndromes and clear—case definitions (algorithms for the syndromic approach} need to be developed and added further to the current manual that is being developed for the health and medical staff at the operational it level. Exploration and expansion of behavioural surveillance research, management information systems of the syndromic approach, and development of new or additional strategies in the manual for the staff too, also need improvement. The Ministry of Health is also concerned about the quantity and quality of the available data based upon syndromic management of STI as compared to laboratory based criteria. Since this programme is very much client centered, the adoption of this approach generally might offer substantial improvements in the quality and effectiveness of STI care, either within the public or the private health care settings in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  17. Fulltext Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among young age medical population
    Zalina, N., Aruku, N., Azura, N., Shahida, N., Akhmarina, N., Dian, F.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2011;10(1):7-15.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in young age women is not well studied. It is said to be common among female elderly and multiparous population. The aim of this study is to obtain the prevalence of LUTS among nulliparous students in relation to their personal hygiene. Materials and methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted among 200 nulliparous medical and nursing students aged between 18-28 years using standardized questionnaires. Urine samples were also collected from students to detect urinary tract infections. Results: The complete data sets of 146 students were analyzed. All of them were nulliparous, single and not sexually active. The prevalence of LUTS was 52.7% consist of over-active bladder, urinary incontinence (UI) and voiding difficulty respectively (51.3%, 34.9% and 45.2%). The most common type of UI was stress urinary incontinence which was 21.9% followed by 11.6% of urgency incontinence. Conclusion: The prevalence of LUTS among young age population is high at 52.7%. Public awareness regarding LUTS and availability of treatment is needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  18. Fulltext The prevalence and risk factors of major depressive disorders in gynaecological cancer patients
    Tee, B.C., Phang, C.K., Rasidi, A., Rushdan, M., Aliyasand, I., Hatta, S.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2013;9(2):53-61.
    MyJurnal

    Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in gynaecological cancer patients is a disabling illness with significant mental and physical suffering. Determining the risk factors of MDD in cancer patients enables us to pay more attention to those who are vulnerable and to device effective strategies for prevention, early detection, and treatment. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of MDD and its associated risk factors in gynaecological cancer patients at Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Star. This is a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study of 120 gynaecological cancer patients in Gynae-Oncology Unit in Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Star. Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI) was used for diagnosis of MDD. Socio-demographic data and clinical variables were collected. MVFSFI (Malay version Female Sexual Function Index) was used to determine sexual dysfunction, and WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization – Quality of Life-26) was performed to assess quality of life. The prevalence of MDD in gynaecological cancer patients in the study was 18%. The variables found to be significantly associated with MDD were lack of perceived social support, greater physical pain perception, presence of past psychiatric history, and poorer quality of life. Meanwhile, sexual dysfunction was not associated with MDD. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only the psychological health domain of QOL was significantly associated with MDD, and contributed to 60% of the variation in MDD. The prevalence of MDD in gynaecological cancer patients is higher than those in the general population. In view that MDD can compromise cancer prognosis and patient’s well-being, psychosocial intervention is recommended as a part of multi- disciplinary and comprehensive management of gynaecological cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  19. Fulltext Schizophrenia, substance use and aggressions: what are the relationships?
    Rusdi Abd. Rashid, Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman, Nor Zuraida Zainal, Noorzurani Robson, Mas Ayu Said, Mohammad Hussain Habil, et al.
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;11(1):72-78.
    MyJurnal
    Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of substance abuse for alcohol, cannabis, opiates, stimulants, solvent and other substances among patients with schizophrenia in Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta (HBUK), Perak , Central Peninsular of Malaysia. This study also aims to determine the association of substance abuse with aggression, the demographic characteristics and total duration of hospitalization.
    Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study whereby the first 194 subjects diagnosed to have schizophrenia based on International Classification of Disease, 10th edition (ICD-10) criteria were taken from data registry of patients admitted to HBUK from January until February 2004. The subjects’ medical files were examined for documentation of substances abuse, aggression and accumulative duration of hospitalization.
    Results: The results showed the prevalence of substances misuse among patients with schizophrenia in general (including alcohol) was 24.7%. Cannabis 16.7%, alcohol 13.4%, opiates(heroin) 6.7%, Amphetamine type stimulants (amphetamine, metamphetamine, ecstacy) 5.7%, and other substances (benzodiazepine, solvents) 1.5%.
    Conclusion: There is higher prevalence of substance misuse in patients with schizophrenia as compared to general population. Male patients with history of substance misuse are more likely to have aggression than female. This group needs special precaution and probably in need of specialist help.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  20. Fulltext Occupational risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome among nurses in medical
    Anuar Ithnin, Kong, Dinnee, Venkataraman, Saraswathy
    Int J Public Health Res, 2012;2(2):137-143.
    MyJurnal
    Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a hand disorder which indicates the presence of symptoms such as pain, numbness, and muscle weakness among the patient. CTS is an occupational related disorder which can occur in any profession. However, it can be prevented and managed. The aims of the research were to determine the prevalence of acquiring CTS among nurses who worked in the wards and occupational risk factors involving the upper limbs during nursing tasks performance. The specific aims were to determine the relationship between the prevalence of acquiring CTS and individual factors (age, gender, race, educational level, duration of work and medical history), relationship between the prevalence of acquiring CTS and occupational risk factors in nursing tasks. Nurses profession was chosen as they are performing multitask involving upper limbs especially the wrist joints. Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) was used to determine the level of severity in CTS. Occupational risk factors were assessed by using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). This research was a cross sectional mode which was carried out at a government university medical centre from November through December 2010. Eighty nurses were involved in the research. The respondents were required to fill in the socio-demographic information sheet. Those having CTS were required to fill in the BCTQ. Assessments were performed by observing of the job activity through RULA. The results showed that the prevalence for nurses acquiring CTS is 7.5%. The RULA assessment also indicated that the risk factor was in the highest level with a score of 7. No relationship was shown between the prevalence of CTS and race, gender, educational level and medical history. Significant relationship was indicated by the prevalence of CTS and occupational risk factors. In conclusion, a significant prevalence of CTS related to age of more than 30 years old, Malay races compared to Indian, working experience of more than 10 years and respondents with right hand dominant. Occupational risk factors also indicated among the active nurses. Therefore, it is important for us to modify the work environment, work flow, work methodology and ergonomic factors in order to prevent the nurses from acquiring CTS. Furthermore, education about the condition of CTS should be implemented and reinforced especially among the higher risk nurses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
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