IMPLICATIONS: Although, GHG emissions are extensively discussed in the developed countries throughout the world, it has gained little concern in the developing countries because they are forced most of the time to put environmental concerns at the end of their priority list. The paper shows that developing countries have to start recognizing their fault and change their way of dealing with environmental issues especially GHG emissions (mainly Methane and carbon dioxide). The authors estimated the potential methane emissions from a proposed central landfill that has been approved to be built in Palestine, a country that is classified as a developing country.
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated DNAm differences associated with prenatal nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure (a surrogate measure of traffic-related air pollution) at birth and 1 y of age and examined their role in atopic disease. We focused on regions showing persistent DNAm differences from birth to 1 y of age and regions uniquely associated with postnatal NO2 exposure.
METHODS: Microarrays measured DNAm at birth and at 1 y of age for an atopy-enriched subset of Canadian Health Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study participants. Individual and regional DNAm differences associated with prenatal NO2 (n=128) were identified, and their persistence at age 1 y were investigated using linear mixed effects models (n=124). Postnatal-specific DNAm differences (n=125) were isolated, and their association with NO2 in the first year of life was examined. Causal mediation investigated whether DNAm differences mediated associations between NO2 and age 1 y atopy or wheeze. Analyses were repeated using biological sex-stratified data.
RESULTS: At birth (n=128), 18 regions of DNAm were associated with NO2, with several annotated to HOX genes. Some of these regions were specifically identified in males (n=73), but not females (n=55). The effect of prenatal NO2 across CpGs within altered regions persisted at 1 y of age. No significant mediation effects were identified. Sex-stratified analyses identified postnatal-specific DNAm alterations.
DISCUSSION: Regional cord blood DNAm differences associated with prenatal NO2 persisted through at least the first year of life in CHILD participants. Some differences may represent sex-specific alterations, but replication in larger cohorts is needed. The early postnatal period remained a sensitive window to DNAm perturbations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13034.
METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted for studies published up to August 2024. Eligibility criteria included cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies assessing air pollution exposure and mortality in PLWH. Nested-Knowledge software was used for screening and data extraction. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied for quality assessment. A narrative approach and tabular summarization were used for data synthesis and presentation.
RESULTS: Nine studies, mostly from China, demonstrated a significant association between long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 and increased risks of AIDS-related and all-cause mortality in PLWH. Hazard ratios for mortality increased by 2.38-5.13% per unit increase in PM concentrations, with older adults (> 60), females, and those with lower CD4 counts (Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter and ozone, is associated with a higher risk of mortality in PLWH. Targeted interventions to reduce pollution exposure in vulnerable subgroups are crucial. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in diverse regions and develop effective mitigation strategies.