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Fulltext Acoustic comfort in industrial office: a preliminary study at a manufacturing company in Malaysia

Farah Elida Selamat, Rozli Zulkifli

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(101):7-14.
MyJurnal

Acoustics issues such as noise in the workplace remains one of the most prevalence occupational hazard especially in
the manufacturing industry with heavy machineries. Increasing mechanization in all industries and most trades has
since proliferated the noise problem. In Malaysia, much has been studied and is known about the auditory effects of
noise. However less attention has been given to the non-auditory effects of noise such as annoyance, stress, and work
performance, and concern about such effects is a relatively recent phenomenon. In view of this, this study aims to
determine the level of noise from different type of machines and tools in a manufacturing plant and also the effects
of noise to the employees. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the effects of noise on the workers and
sound level meter was used to measure the noise level at selected work areas. The results of this study showed that
nearly all the identified work areas exceeded the action level of 85 dB(A) and four of these areas noise levels’ are
more than 90 dB(A) which is the permissible exposure limit according to the Factories and Machinery (Noise
Exposure) Regulations 1989. For the questionnaire, it was found that annoyance topped the noise effects list with
51.4%, followed by stress with 40.0%, hearing deterioration (14.3%) and job performance deterioration (2.9%). As a
conclusion, noise control or preventive measures are suggested in order to minimize the health risks from noise
exposure.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Kajian faktor-faktor fizikal terhadap tahap keselesaan bekerja di bahagian Casting Shop di kalangan pekerja di kilang pembuatan Kereta

Anuar, I., Mohamad Jauhari, J., Mohd Riduan, A.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2011;17(1):42-50.
MyJurnal

Background: Level of comfort in working environment can contribute to increase level of health, emotion during working, level of safety, quality and productivity of work. A study of physical factors (heat, noise and lighting) is important to determine the level of comfort during working. This study was carried out to study those physical factors upon comfort level during working among Casting Shop workers in a car manufacturing factory.

Methods: Instruments for the physical monitoring including Questemp°36 Thermal Environment Monitor, Sound Level Meter and Lux Meter were used at seven measured areas. The information about the level of comfort during working was collected using questionnaires among 65 respondents by random sampling method.

Results: Measured data showed there were four measured areas which Wet Bulb Globe Temperature indoor (WBGTi) value are above the standard limit recommended by ACGIH, three measured areas recorded noise level above the standard limit recommended by Factories and Machineries (Noise Exposure) 1989, while there was no measured area recorded lighting reading below the standard limit recommended by MS ISO 8995:2005. Result from questionnaire found that the majority of the workers did not feel comfortable towards the heat and noise level in their workplace while most of the respondents felt comfortable towards lighting level in their workplace. Mean of WBGTi reading and lighting reading have a significant difference (p

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Validation of Noise Induced Hearing Loss Questionnaire Among Malay Sawmill Workers in Kelantan Malaysia

Razman, M.R., Naing, L., Kamarul, I.M.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2010;9(2):51-56.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Exposure to excessive noise is the major avoidable cause of permanent hearing impairment. Sawmill is one of the workplaces where workers are exposed to hazardous noise level. This study was conducted to determine the reliability and validity of noise-induced hearing loss questionnaire among sawmill workers. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in March 2007 among 35 consented sawmill workers. A total of 40 items; 10 items for knowledge (8 areas), 20 items for attitude (7 areas) and 10 items for practice (2 areas) were assessed. Statistical analysis for reliability analysis was test by internal consistency and construct validity by exploratory factor analysis using principal components and Varimax rotation method. Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefﬁ cients were acceptable for attitude (0.90) and practice
(0.75). However, it was low for knowledge (0.67). Exploratory factor analysis showed three meaningful exploratory factors that could explain the three dimensions in the questionnaire. Conclusion: The results of the validation study suggested that the noise-induced hearing loss questionnaire is reliable and valid tool for assessing knowledge, attitude and practice among sawmill workers.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Prevalence of Psychological Distress and Depressive Disorders among Married Working Women in Malaysia

Umi Adzlin, S., Marhani, M., salina, A.A., Ruzanna, Z., Rosdinom, R., Rozhan Sharif, M.R., et al.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;20(1):1-12.
MyJurnal

This two-phase study examined the prevalence of depressive disorders among married working women in a sub-urban area in Malaysia. The Malay version of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was used for initial screening. Using multistage cluster sampling, there were 700 subjects from 25 workplaces that were approached, of which 307 filled out GHQ-12 in the initial phase. The prevalence of psychological distress (GHQ 2/3 cut off) is 22.8% (n=70, 95% CI 18.1-27.5). In the second phase, all 49 consenting patients who were screened positive for severe psychological distress (GHQ 3/4 cut off point) were telephone-interviewed by a trained psychiatrist with the Malay version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) to diagnose depressive disorders. The prevalence of depressive disorders was 5.5% (n=17, 95% CI 3.5-7.5). The prevalence of depressive disorders is comparable to those found in the working population worldwide.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Faculty development: DOPS as workplace-based assessment

Shahid Hassan

Education in Medicine Journal, 2011;3(1):32-43.
MyJurnal

Background: In order to achieve the desired performance of graduates a number of traditional evaluation exercises have been practiced to assess their competence as medical students. Many of these assessments are done in a controlled environment and mostly reflect on tests of competence than performance. Mini-CEX or direct observed procedural skills (DOPS) are the real performance-based assessment of clinical skills. Increased opportunity for observation and just-in-time feedback from the role model superiors produce a positive educational impact on students learning. This also provides trainees with formative assessment to monitor their learning objectives. However, to implement assessment strategies with Mini-CEX or DOPS needs to develop institution’s clear policy for a different teaching and learning culture of workplace based assessment. It also needs to develop user friendly rating form, checklist, elaboration of clinical competence and its attributes and procedural guidelines for practice. A precise role of these tools in the assessment of postgraduate program must be established before practicing them to evaluate and monitor trainee’s progress.
Objective: To determine DOPS for its acceptability and feasibility as a method of formative assessment of clinical skills in postgraduate program of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery.
Method: A total of 25 trainees were assessed for DOPS by 8 supervisors in this 12-weeks pilot study. A faculty development program for faculty members and trainees was run for DOPS. Trainees were advised to undertake at least one DOPS encounter out of 42 shortlisted procedures. Assessors were asked to mark trainees by completing a rating form using a checklist developed for each procedure. Trainees and assessors were asked to endorse their opinion on feasibility and acceptance of DOPS for practice of formative assessment in future. Data was analyzed to determine feasibility and acceptability of DOPS in assessment program. Result: Faculty development and trainees orientation in DOPS were found satisfactory for its acceptance and feasible for its practice. Trainees were mostly assessed in outpatient clinical setting. Majority reported higher rating of satisfaction by assessors and trainees. Among clinical skills higher rating was received in procedural skills performed by the senior trainees. Conclusion: DOPS was found feasible for practice of formative assessment of trainees in postgraduate program of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery in School of Medical Sciences (SMS) at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). It was well accepted by the trainees to help monitor their quality of procedural skills as self-directed learning.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Employee satisfaction of various aspects of human resource management and work environment in a health district office in Perak

Adlina, S., Narimah, A.H.H., Hakimi, Z.A., N Adilah, H., N Syuhada, Y.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2006;6(2):26-30.
MyJurnal

Employee satnfaction surveys can provide the information needed to improved levek of productivity, job and loyalty. Management can identify the factors of job issues and provide solutions to improve the working environment. A cross sectional descriptive study on employee satisfaction among a health care district office’s staff was conducted in Perak in March - April 2006. A total of 19 staff were randomly picked and interviewed in the data collection process. Almost all understand the objectives of the administration unit (94%) and were satisfied with the management leadership’s style (78%- l 00%) . Majority agreed that their relationship with immediate superior and within the group was harmonious and professional (89%) and they preferred an open problem solving method in handling conflict (72 %). The most common type of incentive rewarded by the administration to express gratitude to their staff was certificate (56%); bonus and medal (33%); and informal gesture (28%). Majority (83%) were also satisfied by the method used to disseminate the information in their units. Majority agreed that the working environment in the administration unit were conducive (72%), their ideas were equally considered during decision making sessions (89%) and training opportunities were similarly given to them by the management (72%). This study revealed that employee satisfaction was determined by several factors such as management leadership's style, opportunity to contribute skills and idea; reward and incentive; and conducive king environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Iron intake and iron deficiency anaemia among young women in Kuala Lumpur

Loh, S. P., Khor, G. L.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2010;6(1):63-70.
MyJurnal

Objective: To assess the prevalence of iron deficiency, anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in women aged 20-40 years and its association with iron intake. Methods: A total of 388 women were recruited from universities and work sites in Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs. The subjects comprised 135 Malays, 130 Chinese and 123 Indians. Dietary intake was estimated using a single 24-hour food recall and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and serum ferritin were determined. Results: The prevalence of anaemia (Hb

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Stress and its associated factors amongst ward nurses in a public Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Sharifah Zainiyah, S.Y., Afiq, I.M., Chow, C.Y., Siti Sara, D.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2011;11(1):78-85.
MyJurnal

Occupational stress exists in all professions, but the nursing profession appears to experience more stress at work compared to other health care workers. Stressful conditions at the workplace may cause the high turnover and burnout among nurses. This study objective was to determine the level of stress and its associated factors among in-patient ward nurses. A cross sectional study using the stratified random sampling method was carried out among 114 staff nurses from 5 different departments in a public hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Respondents were requested to complete a single set of validated and self-administered questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS) . Data was analysed using SPSS 17. In general, the prevalence of stress at the department of Medicine was found to be higher compared to other departments studied. There was also a statistical significant relationship between the prevalence of stress and types of department (p 0.05). In conclusion, stress had no significant association with sociodemographic factors (age, marital status and financial status) and working environment except for type of department nurses work in. There might be some other possible confounders that have a bigger potential in becoming stressors compared to those independent variables in this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Work Stress Prevalence among the Management Staff in an International Tobacco Company in Malaysia

Swee, W.F., Anza, E., Noor Hassim, I.

Medicine & Health, 2007;2(1):93-98.
MyJurnal

A cross sectional study on work stress prevalence was carried out among 185 executives and managers in the head quarter of an international tobacco company. The aim of the study was to identify work stress prevalence in this company and work stressors that were associated with stress experienced by the workers. A questionnaire based on the Personal Stress Inventory by O'Donell (1984) was used. Data collected from participants included sociodemography factors, symptoms of stress and work stressors related to organizational policy, organizational structure, organizational process, and work environment. The study showed that the prevalence of stress among executives was 68.1% and managers were 67.9%. There was no significant difference in the level of stress between the executives and the managers in the company. The sociodemographic factors that were significantly associated with stress were salary, number of children and personal factors. The significant stressors in the workplace were lack of job recognition, over focusing on quality of work, heavy workload and long working hours.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Heat stress monitoring in the paintshop and bodyshop at an automotive assembly plant

Azwan A., Rusli N., Nik Khairol Reza M.Y., Ahmad Syaarani Y., Edimansyah A., Mazalisah M., et al.

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2007;4(1):11-17.
MyJurnal

Heat stress is considered to be the sum of heat generated in the body (metabolic heat) plus the heat gained from the environment (environmental heat) minus the heat lost from the body to the environment. The consequences of heat stress can caused heat disorder such as heat stroke, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, heat cramps and other heat related diseases. The objective of this study was to compare the pattern of heat stress in each section. A crosssectional study was carried out in two sections (Paintshop A and Bodyshop B) in a selected automotive assembly plant in Selangor to monitor the environmental heat stress. The environmental heat monitoring was done on 89 March 2005. Heat stress monitor (Model: QUESTemp o 34 Thermal Environment Monitor, Quest Technologies, USA) was used to record the pattern of heat exposure in the workplace over a period of eight hours. Heat parameters such as dry temperature, wet temperature, globe temperature and relative humidity were measured. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature index (WBGT) and workload evaluation were used to compare both sections. Heat parameters such as timeweighted average wet bulb globe temperature for indoor setting (TWAWBGT indoor ), dry temperature (DB), natural wet bulb temperature (WB), globe temperature (GB) in Paintshop A were higher than those in Bodyshop B. The relative humidity in Paintshop A was hotdry compared to Bodyshop B which is hotwarm. Paintshop A was considered a hot area compared to Bodyshop B which is normal. Workers in both sections were not faced with heat stress problems because they were worked under acceptable condition according to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists standard. Both sections in the automotive assembly plant exhibited acceptable working condition for workers in a tropical environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Prevalence of Stress and Coping Mechanism among Staff Nurses in the Intensive Care unit

Lexshimi RG, Raja, Saadiah Tahir, Santhna, L.P., Md Nizam, J.

Medicine & Health, 2007;2(2):146-153.
MyJurnal

The working environment of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses is a constant source of stress. Researchers have described ICU as a stressful environment because of the complex nature of patients’ health problems requiring an extensive use of very sophisticated technology. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of stress among staff nurses working in ICU, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM), factors influencing stress and to explore the symptoms of stress experienced. This descriptive study was conducted on 67 staff nurses working in ICU, HUKM. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires included sections on socio-demographic data, factors influencing stress and symptoms of stress experienced. Data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. The Chi square test was used to examine the relationship between socio-demographic data and factors influencing stress. Findings indicated that stress symptoms were experienced by 100 per cent (n =67) of staff nurses Knowledge, working experience, critically ill patients, and environmental factors were one of the many factors contributing to the stress experienced by the ICU nurses in HUKM. Nurses working in ICU, HUKM are found to have a high level of stress. Recommendations like encouraging ICU nurses to take up post basic ICU courses and increasing the nurses quota can reduce the prevalence of stress among ICU nurses. Hospital management has an important role to play in reducing the stress levels of nurses working in ICU as stress has an effect on job performance and quality of nursing care.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Stress and Coping Styles: The Experience of Nursing Staff Working At Two Public ospitals in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Medicine & Health, 2009;4(2):101-107.
MyJurnal

Although stress among nursing staff is common, adopting effective coping styles helps in minimizing the problem. The objectives of this study were to compare stress level among ursing staff working in the above disciplines, to identify common coping style used and to determine the relationship between stress and coping styles. This cross-sectional study involved 106 nursing staff who were universally sampled from psychiatric wards and emergency departments in two public hospitals in the Klang Valley. Self-rated questionnaires i.e. Stress Arousal Checklist (SACL) and Coping inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) were used to assess stress levels and coping styles respectively. There was insignificant difference in terms of stress level between the two nursing staffs. Stress dimension of SACL between the psychiatry (6.53 + 3.18, p=0.372) and emergency (6.02 + 2.67, p=0.372) nursing staffs were insignificant. Arousal dimension of SACL was also insignificant between psychiatry (8.60 + 1.70, p=0.372) and emergency (9.19 + 1.61, p=0.07) nursing staff. Task coping was the most commonly used coping styles among the psychiatry (55.36 + 9.85) and emergency (57.73 + 9.87) nursing staff in this study. Stress dimension of SACL showed weak significant relationship with task coping (r=-0.313, p=0.001) and emotion coping (r=0.292, p=0.001). Arousal dimension of SACL was also found to have weak significant relationship with task coping (r=0.271, p=0.003) and emotion coping (r=-0.251, p=0.005). While nursing was found to be a stressful profession, a significant relationship between stress and coping styles allows intervention to enable better adaptation to the stressful working environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Workplace Violence Experienced by Nurses in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre

Medicine & Health, 2009;4(2):115-121.
MyJurnal

Lately, increasing workplace violence is a problem that requires serious attention by the management of the healthcare sector. This study was carried out to examine workplace violence experienced by nurses in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. It aimed to identify the category of nursing staff who formed the highest number of victims, the perpetrators and the common types of workplace violence. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out over a three month period on 55 nurses who had participated voluntarily in this study. The demographic data and data on the violent incident were collected by using a 21-item questionnaire. The reliability and validity with Cronbach’s alpha was 0.872. Information on the most common types of violence, victims and the perpetrators was also collected. The study revealed that workplace violence among the nursing staff was 3.7% with an average of 1.2% being abused per month and one nurse being abused every other day. The study also revealed that the staff nurses were the most common victims and the perpetrators were mainly the patients (40.6%) and the patients’ relatives (37.5%). The most common forms of violence were verbal abuse (31.9%) and verbal threat (23.7%). Physical violence was experienced by 44.4% of the victims. These results suggest that workplace violence is a serious problem which should be addressed in order to create a safe environment for the nurses.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace Violence
Fulltext Development of physical workload and heat stress questionnaire for construction industry in Malaysia

Solehan Imran Shariffudin, Jafri Mohd. Rohani, Mohd Firdaus Mohd Taib, Roseni Abd. Aziz

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):93-97.
MyJurnal

Geographically, Malaysia is situated in the equatorial region, thus having a climate of hot and humid throughout the
year. Effect of heat stress and physical work load at construction industry need to be investigated because of the high number of
accidents. Thus, perception of physical workload and heat stress by the construction workers in Malaysia needed to be investigated
and documented. The aim of this paper is to establish a set of questionnaires containing the item generation regarding on physical
workload and the heat stress perception of construction workers. Physical workload factors such as fatigue, risks, concentration,
work rhythm, responsibility, satisfaction, and autonomy are inserted as the items in assessing the physical workload. While heat
stress are assessed using heat risk factors such as temperature, humidity, heat radiation, air movement, workload, clothing and
acclimatisation. A questionnaire has been developed resulted from various reviewing of literatures on physical workload and heat
stress and better suited to the Malaysia working environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Isolated complete popliteus tendon rupture following a trivial occupational injury

Arifaizad Abdullah, Mohd Hezery Harun, Hariati Jamil, Ezamin Abdul Rahim

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(1):73-75.
MyJurnal

Traumatic rupture of the popliteus tendon is a rare type of knee injury. Most reported cases had occurred in athletes or following high impact trauma. We report a case of a 23-year-old male with an isolated complete popliteus tendon rupture that was diagnosed arthroscopically. The patient worked as a general labourer in a sawmill. He fell at his workplace and presented with acute painful fixed flexion of the right knee. Initially he was suspected to have a meniscus tear. Diagnostic arthroscopy of the knee was carried out; and diagnosis of popliteal tendon rupture was established. The patient was subsequently managed conservatively by arthroscopic debridement. He was allowed to mobilize the knee as tolerated after the surgery. He was well with a full knee range of movement and was able to walk normally at six weeks after surgery. This article highlights the possibility of complete popliteus tendon rupture following a minor occupational injury in a previously normal knee.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Avoiding medication errors through effective communication in healthcare environment

Shitu, Zayyanu, Isyaku Hassan, Aung, Myat Moe Thwe, Musa, Rabiu Muazu, Tuan Hairulnizam Tuan Kamaruzaman

Movement Health & Exercise, 2018;7(1):115-128.
MyJurnal

One of the major problems causing medication errors is ineffective
communication between patients and health personnel. This paper discusses
the communication issues in the healthcare environment and how
medication errors can be avoided through effective communication. An
internet-based search was conducted to locate relevant articles published
between 2004 and 2017. Only articles that touch upon communication and
health-related issues were selected. Online sources such as PubMed,
ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were utilized. The importance of good
communication practices for effective health and improved patient safety in
hospital settings has been highlighted. It is evident from this review that
poor communication most frequent causes adverse effects, delay in
treatment, medication errors, and wrong-site surgery. The major
communication issues in healthcare environment include language barriers,
the medium of communication, physical setting, and social setting.
Healthcare workers tend to use technical language in the workplace because
they consider the tone of communication to be always professional. It has
been established that knowledge on professional-patient communication is
essential and valuable in improving therapeutic outcomes. Patients need
knowledge and support in order to be able and motivated to undergo
medicine therapy. Health practitioners need to take responsibility for
demanding and creating an environment where high-quality healthcare
counselling is routinely practiced. To promote safe and effective practice in hospitals and avoid medication errors, clinicians should adhere to teamwork
and effective communication with the patients. There is a need for designing
strategies such as effective communication and teamwork amongst
healthcare professionals, which can consequently influence the quality of
healthcare services and patient outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Perceptions on radioprotective garment usage and underlying reasons for non-adherence among medical radiation workers from public hospitals in a middle-income Asian setting: A qualitative exploration

Mohd Ridzwan SF, Bhoo-Pathy N, Isahak M, Wee LH

Heliyon, 2019 Sep;5(9):e02478.
PMID: 31687573 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02478

Background: Radioprotective garments protect medical radiation workers from exposure to radiation at workplace. However, previous studies have found poor adherence to the use of radioprotective garments.
Objectives: We explored the perceptions and practices related to the use of radioprotective garments among medical radiation workers in public hospitals, and sought to understand the reasons for non-adherence.
Design and setting: A qualitative approach was applied by conducting face-to-face in-depth interviews with 18 medical radiation workers from three university hospitals using a semi-structured interview guide.
Results: Five themes emerged with respect to perceptions on the use of radioprotective garments: (i) the dilemmas in practising radiation protection, (ii) indication of workers' credibility, (iii) physical appearance of radioprotective garments, (iv) practicality of radioprotective garment use, and (v) impact on workflow. Actual lack of radioprotective garment use was attributed to inadequate number of thyroid shield and other garments, radioprotective garments' unsightly appearance including being dirty and defective, impracticality of using radioprotective garments for some nuclear medicine procedures, disruption of workflow because of workers' limited movements, attitudes of workers, and organisational influences.
Conclusion: Medical radiation workers demonstrated a definitive practice of using radioprotective aprons, but often neglected to use thyroid shields and other garments. Availability and hygiene are reported as the core issues, while unclear guidelines on practical use of radioprotective garments appear to lead to confusion among medical radiation workers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study of its kind from a middle-income Asian setting.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Methanol outbreak in the district of Hulu Langat, 2018

Muhammad Adil ZA, Nur Zawani J, Hazariah AH, Rao G, Zailiza S, Mohd Nasir H

Med J Malaysia, 2019 Oct;74(5):413-417.
PMID: 31649218

INTRODUCTION: A methanol outbreak occurred in the district of Hulu Langat on 16 September 2018. The Hulu Langat District Health Office received 25 notifications of a suspected methanol poisoning from Kajang and Ampang Hospital. An outbreak investigation was done to determine the source followed by a preventive and control measure.
METHOD: Active case detection was done on cases living quarters and workplaces. Patients were interviewed, and their blood and urine samples were sent for methanol analysis. Samples of suspected alcoholic beverages were also sent for analysis. A suspected case was defined as any person presented with clinical symptoms with a history of consuming alcoholic beverages within five days before symptoms and high anion gap metabolic acidosis. A confirmed case was defined as a suspected case with positive blood and urine methanol.
RESULTS: In total, there were 25 suspected cases, of which 12 cases were confirmed. The calculated attack rate was 48%. There were six mortalities (50%) secondary to severe metabolic acidosis. The most common presenting symptom was vomiting (75%) and abdominal pain (41.7%). These cases were linked to consumption of illicitly produced alcohol. Samples of the alcoholic drinks were positive containing high level of methanol.
CONCLUSION: The methanol outbreak in the Hulu Langat was successfully managed. Appropriate control and prevention measures were taken, including health promotion and joint enforcement activities. Steps were taken successfully through collaborations with multiple agencies and cooperation with Selangor Health Departments and the Ministry of Health. Continuous surveillance on the product of liquor, and health promotion are essential to prevent a similar outbreak from happening again in future.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Observation of adverse effect on level ammonia through expression of cd8 lymphocyte in mice

Abdul Rohim Tualeka, Juliana Jalaludin

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(102):1-7.
MyJurnal

The production of ammonia has been increasing over the past few years. Unfortunately, the production does not follow the safety control of ammonia on workers. Indonesia still adopts chemical standard from other countries. Therefore, it requires an ammonia standard at the highest dose without effect or no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in the workplace. This research aims to determine standard at the highest dose of without effect through the expression of CD8 cells as well as analysis of histological alteration CD8 lymphocyte between exposed to ammonia group and control. Methods: The study was a laboratory experimental research with a post-test only control group design. The research used Rattus novergicus species as many as 24. NOAEL was determined by middle dose with a location between the smallest and the largest dose. The doses of ammonia were given through inhalation. The histological alteration of CD8 between ammonia in exposed and the control group were analyzed by using the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: NOAEL was found through CD8 located in group 3 with 0.0154 dose mg/kg body weight. There was a differential expression of CD8 lymphocyte cells in the white mice lung between exposed to ammonia group and control (p=0.042). Conclusion: The expression of CD8 lymphocyte cells in the white mice lung exposed to ammonia differs significantly with the number of the expression of CD8 lymphocyte cells in white mice lung at control group. NOAEL was 0.0154 mg/kg body weight of white mice.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace
Fulltext Penentu faktor peramal pengekalan pekerjaan dalam kalangan klien AADK

Muhammad Ajib Abd R, Rozmi I, Noh A, Norhayati I, Faizah I

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2018;32:104-113.

Occupation is the most important element in changing the quality-of-life continuity and the recovery of drug addicts. This study aimed to measure the level of employment sustainability among ex-clients from the National Anti-Drug Agency (AADK). This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. A total of 130 AADK ex-clients who were in employment were selected as respondents for this study. Our findings show that the majority of AADK ex-clients can survive relatively well enough for between 1 to 2 years depending on the factors of wages, work environment, interests and skills. The finding of this study implies that former clients tend to remain only 1 to 2 years in employment if their wages and jobs are not in line with their will. The findings also found that there was a significant relationship between the job-person fit and job satisfaction with motivation. Hence, this study is capable to modify the perceptions and views of employers towards clients' initiative for being persistent at the workplace as well as improving existing policies in providing incentives to clients for being consistent on the job.

Matched MeSH terms: Workplace

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