Displaying publications 241 - 260 of 660 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Identification and Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype Strain SBH163, Isolated in Sabah, Malaysia
    Jani J, Abu Bakar SF, Mustapha ZA, Ling CK, Teo R, Ahmed K
    Microbiol Resour Announc, 2020 Jan 09;9(2).
    PMID: 31919173 DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01322-19
    This is a report on the whole-genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain SBH163, which was isolated from a patient in the Malaysian Borneo state of Sabah. This report provides insight into the molecular characteristics of an M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype strain related to strains from Russia and South Africa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  2. Fulltext Development of parallel scales to measure HIV related stigma in Sabah
    Ei KS, Shoesmith WD
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2016;10(1):19-29.
    MyJurnal
    In this study parallel scales were constructed to use to measure the levels of HIV-related stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) in populations with different backgrounds in Sabah. The study also explored the components of stigma within the population. We found that there were three principle components of HIV related stigma: “Interpersonal distancing,” “Shame and blame,” and “Positive opinions about PLHIV”. The scales constructed showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.69 to 0.85) in all samples. The medical students and people with more knowledge about HIV had significantly lower levels of all three factors of personal stigma. Regarding HIV-related knowledge, the non-medical university students and the rural community group were found to have poor knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention. This scale can be used by researchers or public health officials who wish to study HIV related stigma or to evaluate the impact of stigma interventions in the local context.
    Study site: Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Rural Medical Education Centre, Sikuati, Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  3. A rare penetrating injury through the axilla caused by stilt pole in a Bajau Laut boy
    Atan AA, Chong JS, Oon ZS, Abu Bakar I
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 09;75(5):597-599.
    PMID: 32918436
    An 8-year-old child of Bajau Laut descent (a stateless tribe in Eastern Borneo and the Sulu archipelago) presented following a fall, with penetrating injury through the axilla caused by a stilt pole, exiting at the supero-anterior aspect of the left shoulder. Due to the lack of comprehension of modern medical treatment and poor language skills, the parents refused to consent for detailed radioimaging studies, nor surgical removal and exploration in the operating theatre. The removal of retained stilt pole was done in casualty area in Hospital Tawau, followed by local exploration under sedation and local analgesia. Despite the horrific injury, there was no limb-threatening neurovascular injury sustained. Management of such injury in the nomadic Bajau Laut population provides valuable insight and about the challenges and decisions of management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  4. Fulltext Genetic diversity of circumsporozoite protein in Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia
    Chong ETJ, Neoh JWF, Lau TY, Lim YA, Chai HC, Chua KH, et al.
    Malar J, 2020 Oct 22;19(1):377.
    PMID: 33092594 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03451-x
    BACKGROUND: Understanding the genetic diversity of candidate genes for malaria vaccines such as circumsporozoite protein (csp) may enhance the development of vaccines for treating Plasmodium knowlesi. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity of non-repeat regions of csp in P. knowlesi from Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.

    METHODS: A total of 46 csp genes were subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification. The genes were obtained from P. knowlesi isolates collected from different divisions of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, and Peninsular Malaysia. The targeted gene fragments were cloned into a commercial vector and sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed while incorporating 168 csp sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. The genetic diversity and natural evolution of the csp sequences were analysed using MEGA6 and DnaSP ver. 5.10.01. A genealogical network of the csp haplotypes was generated using NETWORK ver. 4.6.1.3.

    RESULTS: The phylogenetic analysis revealed indistinguishable clusters of P. knowlesi isolates across different geographic regions, including Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. Nucleotide analysis showed that the csp non-repeat regions of zoonotic P. knowlesi isolates obtained in this study underwent purifying selection with population expansion, which was supported by extensive haplotype sharing observed between humans and macaques. Novel variations were observed in the C-terminal non-repeat region of csp.

    CONCLUSIONS: The csp non-repeat regions are relatively conserved and there is no distinct cluster of P. knowlesi isolates from Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. Distinctive variation data obtained in the C-terminal non-repeat region of csp could be beneficial for the design and development of vaccines to treat P. knowlesi.

    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  5. Quaternary land bridges have not been universal conduits of gene flow
    Cros E, Chattopadhyay B, Garg KM, Ng NSR, Tomassi S, Benedick S, et al.
    Mol Ecol, 2020 07;29(14):2692-2706.
    PMID: 32542783 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15509
    Quaternary climate oscillations are a well-known driver of animal diversification, but their effects are most well studied in areas where glaciations lead to habitat fragmentation. In large areas of the planet, however, glaciations have had the opposite effect, but here their impacts are much less well understood. This is especially true in Southeast Asia, where cyclical changes in land distribution have generated enormous land expansions during glacial periods. In this study, we selected a panel of five songbird species complexes covering a range of ecological specificities to investigate the effects Quaternary land bridges have had on the connectivity of Southeast Asian forest biota. Specifically, we combined morphological and bioacoustic analysis with an arsenal of population genomic and modelling approaches applied to thousands of genome-wide DNA markers across a total of more than 100 individuals. Our analyses show that species dependent on forest understorey exhibit deep differentiation between Borneo and western Sundaland, with no evidence of gene flow during the land bridges accompanying the last 1-2 ice ages. In contrast, dispersive canopy species and habitat generalists have experienced more recent gene flow. Our results argue that there remains much cryptic species-level diversity to be discovered in Southeast Asia even in well-known animal groups such as birds, especially in nondispersive forest understorey inhabitants. We also demonstrate that Quaternary land bridges have not been equally suitable conduits of gene flow for all species complexes and that life history is a major factor in predicting relative population divergence time across Quaternary climate fluctuations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  6. Fulltext A Taphonomic Study of Crocodylus porosus (Crocodylidae) and Tomistoma schlegelii (Gavialidae) Remains from Western Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: Applications for Public Education
    Ruhana Hassan, Nur Fatimah Mohd Azizi, Muhammad Amirul Arib Md Adzhar, Mohd Izwan Zulaini Abdul Gani, Rambli Ahmad, Charles Leh Moi Ung
    Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    This study documented details of the dentitions, skulls and other skeletal remains of Crocodylus porosus and Tomistoma schlegelii, from western part of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. The remains of both reptiles were exhumed, followed by standard cleaning procedures and then detail morphological assessments were carried out accordingly. Both species show similar structure of vertebral columns, but T. schlegelii has the following unique structures: a long and narrower snout, D-shaped eye sockets, long and sharp pointed protruding quadratojugal bones, straight maxillae and dentary, a smooth surfaced skull, elongated triangular suborbital fenestrae, round shaped internal nares and visible supraoccipital from a dorsal view. C. porosus has heterodont dentition with blunt-pointed and irregular size of teeth whereas T. schlegelii has almost homodont dentition with sharp and similar size teeth. This is the first collection of teeth, skulls and other skeletal remains of both species obtained from Sarawak, and the materials have been used regularly to educate the public through science exhibitions, hoping they will spark the interests of young budding scientists to be involved in wildlife taphonomic studies in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  7. The Distribution and Population Density of Bornean Tarsier, "Tarsius Bancanus Borneanus (Elliot)" in Secondary and Rehabilitated Forests of Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Sahimi HNM, Chubo JK, Top Mohd Tah MM, Saripuddin NB, Ab Rahim SS
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2018 Mar;29(1):139-154.
    PMID: 29644021 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.1.10
    Tarsius bancanus borneanus was first reported by Elliot in 1990 which an endemic species that can be found on the Island of Borneo consisting of Sabah and Sarawak of Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam and Kalimantan, Indonesia. This sub-species has been listed as a totally protected animal under the Sarawak Wild Life Protection Ordinance (1998) and vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The present study was conducted at Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus (UPMKB), Sarawak from October 2014 till March 2015. Through mark and recapture sampling covering an area of 37 ha of secondary forest patches and 7.13 ha of rehabilitated forest, a total of 16 tarsiers were captured using mist nets while one tarsier was recapture. The population density was 38 individuals/km2 was captured using mist nets in the secondary forest while 28 individuals/km2 was recorded for the rehabilitated forest. Using the catch per unit effort (net hour) method, the average time for capturing tarsiers in the secondary forest patches was 26.6 net hour per animal and 30.0 net hour per animal in the rehabilitated forest. The presented results provides information on the presence of tarsiers in both the secondary and rehabilitated forests of UPMKB, Sarawak, Malaysia which underlines the conservation value of these forested areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  8. Fulltext Experimentally testing and assessing the predictive power of species assembly rules for tropical canopy ants
    Fayle TM, Eggleton P, Manica A, Yusah KM, Foster WA
    Ecol Lett, 2015 Mar;18(3):254-62.
    PMID: 25622647 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12403
    Understanding how species assemble into communities is a key goal in ecology. However, assembly rules are rarely tested experimentally, and their ability to shape real communities is poorly known. We surveyed a diverse community of epiphyte-dwelling ants and found that similar-sized species co-occurred less often than expected. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that invasion was discouraged by the presence of similarly sized resident species. The size difference for which invasion was less likely was the same as that for which wild species exhibited reduced co-occurrence. Finally we explored whether our experimentally derived assembly rules could simulate realistic communities. Communities simulated using size-based species assembly exhibited diversities closer to wild communities than those simulated using size-independent assembly, with results being sensitive to the combination of rules employed. Hence, species segregation in the wild can be driven by competitive species assembly, and this process is sufficient to generate observed species abundance distributions for tropical epiphyte-dwelling ants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  9. Fulltext Reconciling the contribution of environmental and stochastic structuring of tropical forest diversity through the lens of imaging spectroscopy
    Bongalov B, Burslem DFRP, Jucker T, Thompson SED, Rosindell J, Swinfield T, et al.
    Ecol Lett, 2019 Oct;22(10):1608-1619.
    PMID: 31347263 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13357
    Both niche and stochastic dispersal processes structure the extraordinary diversity of tropical plants, but determining their relative contributions has proven challenging. We address this question using airborne imaging spectroscopy to estimate canopy β-diversity for an extensive region of a Bornean rainforest and challenge these data with models incorporating niches and dispersal. We show that remotely sensed and field-derived estimates of pairwise dissimilarity in community composition are closely matched, proving the applicability of imaging spectroscopy to provide β-diversity data for entire landscapes of over 1000 ha containing contrasting forest types. Our model reproduces the empirical data well and shows that the ecological processes maintaining tropical forest diversity are scale dependent. Patterns of β-diversity are shaped by stochastic dispersal processes acting locally whilst environmental processes act over a wider range of scales.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  10. Fulltext Reaching the last frontier: video conference clinic in Belaga health clinic using the tele-primary care®system
    Ringga A, Ngian HU, Chin ZH, Toh TH
    Int J Public Health Res, 2011;1(2):1-3.
    MyJurnal
    Belaga District, in the heart of Borneo, is probably the most remote district in Sarawak. Although Belaga town is now accessible by land (50% are timber camp unsealed road) from Bintulu, the journey takes 5 hours and transport cost is high. Accessibility to Belaga by river is also subject to weather conditions and the town often gets cut off during the dry season and also during the wet season. All these pose immense challenges to the delivery of health care services to the people of Belaga and greatly reduce their accessibility to even basic health services. Access to specialist services is even more challenging as it is only available in Sibu and Bintulu; and visiting clinics in Belaga are infrequent due to the shortage of specialists and difficult transport. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  11. Fulltext Physico-chemical changes in dabai (Canarium odontophyllum Miq.) fruit during modified atmosphere storage
    Ding, P., Diana, J.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(6):3033-3040.
    MyJurnal
    Dabai or Canarium odontophyllum Miq., from the family Burseraceae, is an important indigenous fruit to Borneo Island. However, it is a highly perishable fruit with short shelf life. Postharvest technology such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) can be used to maintain highly perishable fresh fruit quality and increase its shelf life. There is not much work has been carried out to study effect of MAP on dabai fruit. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of four different types packaging methods on the postharvest quality of dabai fruits. Total of 240 fruit were used for each replication and the experiment was repeated thrice. Fruit were divided equally into four groups with each group packed in low-density polyethylene plastic bag, low-density polyethylene plastic bags lined with tissue paper, low-density polyethylene plastic bag with vacuumed and control (unwrapped). The fruit were then stored in a cold room of 10°C for 8 days. The fruits were analyzed for peel and flesh colour (L*, C* and hue angle), CO2 and C2H4 production, weight loss, firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and pH at every two days interval. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and means was separated using Duncan’s multiple range tests. The use of MAP retained peel colour (L*, C* and hue angle values), flesh colour (L*values), SSC and TA of dabai fruit. The CO2 production in MAP fruit was significant lower than control. Although vacuum packed showed lowest weight loss, flesh discolouration, soggy texture and foul sour odour developed during 8 days of storage. Neither packing dabai fruit in low-density polyethylene plastic bag nor bag lined with tissue paper retained better fruit quality. Thus, it is recommended packing dabai fruit in low-density polyethylene plastic bag is sufficient to retain fruit quality during 8 days of storage at 10oC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  12. Seasonal and long term variations of surface ozone concentrations in Malaysian Borneo
    Latif MT, Dominick D, Ahamad F, Ahamad NS, Khan MF, Juneng L, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2016 Dec 15;573:494-504.
    PMID: 27572541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.121
    Malaysian Borneo has a lower population density and is an area known for its lush rainforests. However, changes in pollutant profiles are expected due to increasing urbanisation and commercial-industrial activities. This study aims to determine the variation of surface O3concentration recorded at seven selected stations in Malaysian Borneo. Hourly surface O3data covering the period 2002 to 2013, obtained from the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE), were analysed using statistical methods. The results show that the concentrations of O3recorded in Malaysian Borneo during the study period were below the maximum Malaysian Air Quality Standard of 100ppbv. The hourly average and maximum O3concentrations of 31 and 92ppbv reported at Bintulu (S3) respectively were the highest among the O3concentrations recorded at the sampling stations. Further investigation on O3precursors show that sampling sites located near to local petrochemical industrial activities, such as Bintulu (S3) and Miri (S4), have higher NO2/NO ratios (between 3.21 and 5.67) compared to other stations. The normalised O3values recorded at all stations were higher during the weekend compared to weekdays (unlike its precursors) which suggests the influence of O3titration by NO during weekdays. The results also show that there are distinct seasonal variations in O3across Borneo. High surface O3concentrations were usually observed between August and September at all stations with the exception of station S7 on the east coast. Majority of the stations (except S1 and S6) have recorded increasing averaged maximum concentrations of surface O3over the analysed years. Increasing trends of NO2and decreasing trends of NO influence the yearly averaged maximum of O3especially at S3. This study also shows that variations of meteorological factors such as wind speed and direction, humidity and temperature influence the concentration of surface O3.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  13. Fulltext Tides and Their Dynamics over the Sunda Shelf of the Southern South China Sea
    Daryabor F, Ooi SH, Abu Samah A, Akbari A
    PLoS One, 2016;11(9):e0162170.
    PMID: 27622552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162170
    A three-dimensional Regional Ocean Modelling System is used to study the tidal characteristics and their dynamics in the Sunda Shelf of the southern South China Sea. In this model, the outer domain is set with a 25 km resolution and the inner one, with a 9 km resolution. Calculations are performed on the inner domain. The model is forced at the sea surface by climatological monthly mean wind stress, freshwater (evaporation minus precipitation), and heat fluxes. Momentum and tracers (such as temperature and salinity) are prescribed in addition to the tidal heights and currents extracted from the Oregon State University TOPEX/Poseidon Global Inverse Solution (TPXO7.2) at the open boundaries. The results are validated against observed tidal amplitudes and phases at 19 locations. Results show that the mean average power energy spectrum (in unit m2/s/cph) for diurnal tides at the southern end of the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia is approximately 43% greater than that in the East Malaysia region located in northern Borneo. In contrast, for the region of northern Borneo the semidiurnal power energy spectrum is approximately 25% greater than that in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. This implies that diurnal tides are dominant along the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia while both diurnal and semidiurnal tides dominate almost equally in coastal East Malaysia. Furthermore, the diurnal tidal energy flux is found to be 60% greater than that of the semidiurnal tides in the southern South China Sea. Based on these model analyses, the significant tidal mixing frontal areas are located primarily off Sarawak coast as indicated by high chlorophyll-a concentrations in the area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  14. Fulltext New record of a phoretic flea associated with earwigs (Dermaptera, Arixeniidae) and a redescription of the bat flea Lagaropsylla signata (Siphonaptera, Ischnopsyllidae)
    Hastriter MW, Miller KB, Svenson GJ, Martin GJ, Whiting MF
    Zookeys, 2017.
    PMID: 28331409 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.657.11095
    Lagaropsylla signata (Wahlgren, 1903), previously known only from the Island of Java, Indonesia is redescribed and reported for the first time in Deer Cave, Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (west coast of Borneo). Many were found clinging to the earwig Arixenia esau Jordan, 1909. A similar account of a phoretic flea (Lagaropsylla turba Smit, 1958) on the same species of cave-dwelling earwig has been reported in peninsular Malaysia in a well-documented association with the hairless naked bulldog bat, Cheiromeles torquatus Horsfield, 1824. The association of Lagaropsylla signata with Arixenia esau is parallel to the evolution and co-existence with bats in Deer Cave just as in the case of Lagaropsylla turba, Arixenia esau, and Cheiromeles torquatus. The evidence suggests that Lagaropsylla turba and Lagaropsylla signata are obligate phoretic parasites whose survival depends on Arixenia esau to access a bat host. Arixenia esau is reported for the first time in Deer Cave and the occurrence of Lagaropsylla signata on the island of Borneo represented a new record, previously being found only on the island of Java. Images of Lagaropsylla signata attached to Arixenia esau are provided. Xeniaria jacobsoni (Burr, 1912), often associated with Arixenia esau in other geographical areas, was not present in the material examined from Deer Cave. The natural history of the earwig genera Arixenia Jordan, 1909 and Xeniaria Maa, 1974 are discussed and summarized relative to their associations with phoretic fleas and their bat hosts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  15. Revision of the genus Coeliccia Kirby in Borneo part II: Two new species from the membranipes-group, with a redescription of C. macrostigma Laidlaw (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae)
    Dow RA
    Zootaxa, 2016 Nov 02;4184(1):79-103.
    PMID: 27811655 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.5
    Coeliccia matok sp. nov. (holotype male from Borneo, Sarawak, Samarahan Division, peat swamp forest at old UNIMAS campus, 25 ii 2008, to be deposited in BMNH) and Coeliccia paludensis sp. nov. (holotype male from Borneo, Kalimantan Tengah, peat swamp forest in ex Mega Rice Project Block E, 18 vi 2012, in RMNH) are described from Borneo. The two new species are apparently confined to peat swamp forest (C. paludensis) or largely confined to peat swamp forest and related forest formations (C. matok). Coeliccia macrostigma Laidlaw is redescribed and all available information on it is summarised. Additional terminology for characters of the prothorax in Coeliccia species is introduced. Distribution maps are given for all three species considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  16. Thirty-three cases of acute arthritis in Sabah
    Burns-Cox CJ
    Med J Malaya, 1964 Sep;19:25-9.
    PMID: 14240057
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  17. Malaria and its vectors in Borneo; a study of Borneo's greatest disease problem, and of the mosquitoes responsible for its transmission, throughout North Borneo and Labuan, Sarawak, Brunei and Dutch Borneo, to the end of the first half of the twentieth century
    McARTHUR J
    Indian J Malariol, 1950 Mar;4(1):1-90.
    PMID: 24538665
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  18. ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS IN SARAWAK: OBSERVATIONS ON THE MOSQUITOES
    MACDONALD WW, SMITH CE, WEBB HE
    J Med Entomol, 1965 Jan;1:335-47.
    PMID: 14280485
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  19. Some impressions of childbearing in tropical areas
    Thompson B, Baird D
    J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 1967 Jun;74(3):329-38.
    PMID: 6026612
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
  20. Another periauricular abscess from Sarawak, probably caused by a trematode of the genus Poikilorchis, Fain and Vandepitte
    Wong Soon Kai, Lie Kian Joe
    Med J Malaya, 1965 Mar;19(3):229-30.
    PMID: 4220517
    Matched MeSH terms: Borneo
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links