Displaying publications 241 - 260 of 357 in total

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  1. Investigation of phytochemical composition and enzyme inhibitory potential of Anagallis arvensis L
    Saleem H, Zengin G, Locatelli M, Abidin SAZ, Ahemad N
    Nat Prod Res, 2021 Feb 08.
    PMID: 33550873 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1880404
    Anagallis arvensis L. commonly known as 'Scarlet Pimpernel' has been used in folklore as natural remedy for treating common ailments. The present research is aimed to explore the phytochemical composition and enzyme inhibition potential of methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of A. arvensis aerial and root parts. The phytochemical composition was established via HPLC-PDA polyphenolic quantification and UHPLC-MS analysis, while the inhibition potential against amylase and tyrosinase enzymes were assessed using standard in vitro protocols. The HPLC-PDA polyphenolic quantification revealed the presence of important compounds including catechin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid, whereas 34 different secondary metabolites were tentatively identified by UHPLC-MS of both the DCM extracts. All the extracts showed moderate tyrosinase and a weak amylase inhibition activity. The aerial-DCM extract showed comparatively higher tyrosinase and amylase enzyme inhibition potential, which may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites as tentatively identified by its UHPLC-MS profiling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  2. Fulltext Mosquito larvicidal potential of tropical seaweeds: acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects of bryopsis pennata, padina australis and sargassum binderi on Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus skuse
    Ke-Xin Yu, Rohani Ahmad, Ching-Lee Wong, Ibrahim Jantan
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(101):125-130.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Inhibition of the cholinesterase’s function leads to paralysis and death. This mechanism is served as a common mode of action of insecticide. The three tropical seaweeds, namely Bryopsis pennata, Padina australis and Sargassum binderi were reported for its potential mosquito larvicidal effect. In the present study, these seaweeds were evaluated for their potential as a cholinesterase inhibitor in the mechanism of larvicidal action. Methods: Ace- tylcholinsterase (AChE) inhibition assay was carried out based on the colorimetric method using a microplate reader. Phytochemical content of the seaweed extracts was screened by using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). Results: Green seaweed B. pennata showed the strongest inhibition effect towards in vitro AChE by using
    tissue homogenates of Aedes aegypti (IC50 value = 0.84 mg mL ) and Aedes albopictus as the enzyme source (IC
    -1
    value = 0.92 mg mL-1). The pattern of Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed that B. pennata was a mixed type inhibitor of
    AChE, as the readings of Km, Vmax, Ki and Ki’, indicates that it had a strong inhibition ability with high binding affin- ity towards both free enzyme and enzyme-substrate complex. Conclusion: These findings suggest the compound(s) in
    B. pennata extract serves as a promising source that could be developed into a mosquito larvicidal agent with AChE inhibition effect.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  3. Fulltext Phytochemical screening and larvicidal activity of murraya koenigii leaves ethanolic extract against aedes aegypti
    Norazsida Binti Ramli, Nur Elia Amira Mohd Roslin, Deny Susanti
    International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(1):129-139.
    MyJurnal
    World Health Organization (WHO) estimated over 100 million dengue infections to happen annually worldwide involving more than 2.5 billion people. Temephos or abate is a larvicide that has been used in vector control to eradicate mosquito larvae. Though practically low risk, there had been resistance problem reported with continuous use. This study seeks to find an effective and safer alternative to abate by assessing the use of ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves as larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti. M.koenigii leaves were macerated for 3 days with absolute ethanol and evaporated using rotary vapor to produce the crude extract. The crude extract was subjected to phytochemical screening using standard qualitative method. For bioassay, the crude
    extract underwent a serial dilution to produce 3 concentrations of 100 ppm (C1), 50 ppm (C2) and 10 ppm (C3) with abate and absolute ethanol as negative and positive control respectively. Bioassay for larvicidal effect was conducted in accordance to WHO standard method. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of M. koenigii leaves revealed the presence of alkaloid, steroid and saponin. The bioassay shows that after 24 hours, the mortality rate of C1, C2 and C3 larvae were 100%, 38% and 0% and when further extended to 48 hours, the rate increased to 100% and 46% for C2 and C3 respectively. The LC50 and LC99 post 24 hours were 54.489 ppm and 93.961 ppm respectively whilst at post 48 hours, the LC50 and LC99 were 10.263 ppm and 16.176 ppm respectively. The results show that up to 48 hours duration of exposure, the mortality
    rate increase whilst the lethal concentration (LC50 and LC99) decreases. Upon examination on larvae deformities at post 24 and 48 hours, all test concentrations and negative control exhibit normal morphology. Positive control, however, exhibit deformities characterized by twisted and fragmented insides. When statistically analyzed, C1 larvicidal activity was proven comparable with abate at 24 hours while C2 needed 48 hours exposure to be on par. Based on the results, it could be argued that the ethanolic extract of M.koenigii leaves does hold promising value to be further developed as larvicidal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  4. Fulltext A brief review of potential neuroprotective roles of the culinary herb Ocimum basilicum
    Manali Haniti, M.Z., Norazrina, A., Chan, K.M.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):3-19.
    MyJurnal
    Neurodegenerative diseases commonly affect elderly population and are characterised by progressive neuronal loss. Oxidative stress is highly associated with neurodegeneration. The targeted herbal plant in this review, Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum), is typically used in Indochina and Italian cuisine. Pharmacological studies on O. basilicum have demonstrated potent antioxidant activities with some reports of neuroprotective actions. This brief review highlights the potential neuroprotective roles of O. basilicum by discussing previously documented antioxidative actions of the plant extract, essential oils and its phytochemical compounds on the nervous system based on in vitro and in vivo studies. Accumulating evidence on the neuroprotective action of O. basilicum points to a notion that neuroprotection is made possible by way of its antioxidant properties and largely due to the presence of polyphenol compounds such as rosmarinic acid which has been identified as the major constituent. Although the mechanisms of O. basilicum antioxidant action have been proposed, further studies are required for better understanding of its antioxidant action leading to neuroprotective roles. It is also possible that the antioxidant actions of O. basilicum are mediated through synergism of a mixture of various naturally-occurring bioactive compounds in the plant, as is with many other plant-based food supplements, to produce the putative effects instead of a single bioactive compound from the plant. Therefore, specific targeting of neuroprotection by means of antioxidant actions warrants further preclinical and clinical studies investigating the therapeutic potentials of O. basilicum particularly in view of the prevention of neurodegenerative processes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  5. A Review on the Potential Use of Medicinal Plants From Asteraceae and Lamiaceae Plant Family in Cardiovascular Diseases
    Michel J, Abd Rani NZ, Husain K
    Front Pharmacol, 2020;11:852.
    PMID: 32581807 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00852
    Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, and its rate of mortality is rising annually. In accordance with the current condition, studies on medicinal plants upon their activity on cardiovascular diseases are often being encouraged to be used in cardiovascular disease management, due to the availability of medicinal values in certain dedicated plants. This review was conducted based on two plant families, which are Asteraceae and Lamiaceae, to study on their action in cardiovascular disease relieving activities, to review the relationship between the phytochemistry of Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families and their effect on cardiovascular diseases, and to study their toxicology. The medicinal plants from these plant family groups are collected based on their effects on the mechanisms that affect the cardiovascular-related disease which are an antioxidant activity, anti-hyperlipidemic or hypocholesterolemia, vasorelaxant effect, antithrombotic action, and diuresis effect. In reference to various studies, the journals that conducted in vivo or in vitro experiments, which were used to prove the specific mechanisms, are included in this review. This is to ensure that the scientific value and the phytochemicals of the involved plants can be seen based on their activity. As a result, various plant species from both Asteraceae and Lamiaceae plant family have been identified and collected based on their study that has proven their effectiveness and uses in cardiovascular diseases. Most of the plants have an antioxidant effect, followed by anti-hyperlipidemia, vasorelaxant, antithrombotic, and diuretic effect from the most available to least available studies, respectively. These are the mechanisms that contribute to various cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack, stroke, coronary heart disease, and hypertension. Further studies can be conducted on these plant species by identifying their ability and capability to be developed into a new drug or to be used as a medicinal plant in treating various cardiovascular diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  6. Fulltext Robust model of systemic inflammation through Lipopolysaccharide
    Khan H., Aamir K., Arya A.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):50-50.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Systemic inflammation is the major clinical problem which is constellation of communicable and non-communicable infection equipped with acute to chronic inflammation. It may lead to unfavourable conditions for instance, systemic inflammatory syndrome, burns and sepsis. Systemic inflammation might rotate the steering towards vital clinical maladies including cardiomyopathy, neuroinflammation, hepatitis, liver and kidney diseases and even diabetes. In order to elucidate the molecular insights in these clinical implications, there is an intensive need
    to design rodent model of systemic inflammation having close association with systemic inflammatory conditions in humans. Methods: Presently, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced systemic inflammatory rodent model is widely established, reproducible and acceptable among scientists. In this model animals are treated with intraperitoneal injection of LPS ranging from 1-10 mg/kg which leads to instant release of proinflammatory cytokines to provide robust model of systemic inflammation in order to elucidate pathological conditions and their in-depth mechanism to uncover the new anti-inflammatory therapeutic targets. Conclusion: Robust model would open new window to explore anti-inflammatory activities of phytochemicals, small molecules and drug candidates along with crosstalk of different signaling pathways at molecular level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  7. Fulltext What influences the use of local crude herbs among patients with chronic diseases? preliminary screening of phytochemicals
    Deepa, R., Yin Yee, S., Afiqah Zulaikha R., Yun Li, C., Zhee Shah, C., Mei Ling, L., et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):51-51.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The use of crude herbs for well-being as well as curation and prevention of ailments is evident globally, including Malaysia. To understand the effectiveness and reliability, the presence of phytochemical compounds as the factor influencing the use of crude herbs shall be determined. This study was conducted to screen the presence of phytochemical compounds in the local crude herbs consumed by patients with chronic diseases. This is part of
    a larger study, where a cross-sectional study was conducted and reported elsewhere. Methods: In total, 15 types of crude herbs were reported by the patients with chronic diseases attending government health clinic at Kampar, Perak. The herbs were extracted using hot and standard cold methods respectively. Results: All the 15 crude herbs’ hot and cold extracts revealed the presence of eight phytochemical compounds, namely, phenols, quinones, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids at varying intensity. Saponins, alkaloids, and glycosides were present in all the crude herbs extracts. However, terpenoids, tannins, and phenols were absent in Orthosiphon stamineus, Clinacanthus nutans, and Pandanus amaryllifolius extracts respectively. However, the cold extracts exhibited a higher intensity of phytochemicals compared to hot extracts. The present study confirms the presence of
    phytochemicals in the local crude herbs consumed by patients with chronic diseases. The screened phytochemicals are bioactive compounds that possess medicinal properties that may trigger the patients to treat their diseases’ underlying conditions. However, the use of prescribed medicine, particularly among aging patients must be taken into account while consuming crude herbs. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that structured-evidence based crude herbs use interventions for patients with chronic diseases is warranted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  8. Phytochemistry, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of Catharanthus roseus
    Wahab NZA, Azizul A, Ibrahim N
    Iran J Microbiol, 2020 Oct;12(5):460-465.
    PMID: 33604002 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i5.4608
    Background and Objectives: Catharanthus roseus is generally used to treat many diseases in folklore remedies. The present study is aimed at determining phytochemical constituents, cytotoxicity and antiviral activities for crude extract of the plant.

    Materials and Methods: The whole plant of C. roseus was extracted using methanol extraction method. Phytochemical qualitative screening was carried out for C. roseus extract according to standard procedures used to test for the presence of alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid and steroid. Cytotoxicity was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Plaque reduction assays were carried out to evaluate the antiviral activity of C. roseus extract against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). These include post-treatment, pre-treatment and virucidal assays.

    Results: C. roseus extract contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, saponin and terpenoid but does not contain steroid. Cytotoxicity screening against Vero cells using MTT assay showed that the CC50 values for crude extract of C. roseus was 0.5 mg/mL. The extract prepared from C. roseus possesses phytochemical compound that was non-cytotoxic to the cell with potential antiviral activity. Plaque reduction assays against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) showed that the selective indices (SI = CC50 / EC50) of C. roseus extract in post-treatment, pre-treatment and virucidal assays were 36, 20 and 4.7 respectively. The results revealed that the extract prepared from C. roseus possesses phytochemical compound that was non-cytotoxic to the cell with potential antiviral activity.

    Conclusion: This study showed that C. roseus extract has promising potential to be explored as anti-HSV-1 agent regardless of the mode of treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  9. Fulltext CORRELATION BETWEEN TPC AND TFC WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Piper sarmentosum EXTRACT AND ITS FORMULATION FOR COSMETIC PURPOSES
    WAN ASIAH WAN SUKAIRI, LAILI CHE ROSE, ASNUZILAWATI ASARI, RAZIFAH MOHD RAZALI
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2021;3(2):51-60.
    MyJurnal
    This study investigates the characteristics of an antioxidant cream made from the methanol extract of Piper sarmentosum leaves, which is locally known as the wild betel or pokok kadok in Malay. The secondary metabolites of the leaves were subjected to phytochemical tests to detect the presence of natural compounds. Antioxidant activity was described by its total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), which was assessed by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. A phase diagram was constructed to find a possible region to formulate an antioxidant cream. In phytochemical screening, the methanolic extract showed positive presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and tannins. In quantitative analysis of antioxidative components, besides having significantly higher TFC content compared with quercetin (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  10. Fulltext PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF THE ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED Mangifera spp. LEAVES (ANACARDIACEAE)
    MISA HARSRINURI RAIHANI SAIRUN, NORHAYATI YUSUF, NORHAYATI YUSUF, NURUL HUDA ABDUL WAHAB, NURUL HUDA ABDUL WAHAB
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(4):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    A study was conducted on the chemical and biological properties of three different species of Mangifera i.e. Mangifera pajang, M. indica L., and M. kemanga leaves obtained from Pitas, Sabah. The aims of this study were to determine the presence of secondary metabolites as well as the antioxidative activities especially the catalase (CAT) and guiacol peroxidase specific activities (gPOD) in the leaves part of these three species. The extraction of these samples was carried out using three different polarities of solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The total percentage of the crude extract of is 7.30% for M. pajang, 12.87% for M. indica and 7.98% for M. kemanga. Phytochemical screening was performed with various tests for each of the crude extracts. The results showed that these three species gave positive results for alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, phytosterols, and tannins metabolites. Based on the tests, CAT specific activities were significantly higher in the leaves of M. pajang with 4.35 ± 1.18 units/mg protein compared to M. indica L. and M. kemanga. The guaiacol peroxidase (gPOD) specific activities showed that M. indica L. has the highest activity with the value of 0.0047 ± 0.0004 units/mg protein.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  11. Fulltext The effects of Piper sarmentosum aqueous extracts on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and caudal fin tissue regeneration
    Zainol Abidin IZ, Fazry S, Jamar NH, Ediwar Dyari HR, Zainal Ariffin Z, Johari AN, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2020 08 25;10(1):14165.
    PMID: 32843675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70962-7
    In Malaysia, Piper sarmentosum or 'kaduk' is commonly used in traditional medicines. However, its biological effects including in vivo embryonic toxicity and tissue regenerative properties are relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicities and caudal fin tissue regeneration in the presence of P. sarmentosum aqueous extracts. The phytochemical components and antioxidant activity of the extract were studied using GC-MS analysis and DPPH assay, respectively. Embryo toxicity tests involving survival, heartbeat, and morphological analyses were conducted to determine P. sarmentosum extract toxicity (0-60 µg/mL); concentrations of 0-400 µg/mL of the extract were used to study tissue regeneration in the zebrafish caudal fin. The extract contained several phytochemicals with antioxidant activity and exhibited DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 50.56 mg/mL). Embryo toxicity assays showed that a concentration of 60 μg/mL showed the highest rates of lethality regardless of exposure time. Slower embryogenesis was observed at 40 µg/mL, with non-viable embryos first detected at 50 µg/mL. Extracts showed significant differences (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals/isolation & purification; Phytochemicals/pharmacology*; Phytochemicals/toxicity
  12. Temporal gene expression profiling of maslinic acid-treated Raji cells
    Lau WM, Subramaniam M, Goh HH, Lim YM
    Mol Omics, 2021 04 19;17(2):252-259.
    PMID: 33346776 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00168f
    Maslinic acid is a novel phytochemical reported to target multiple signaling pathways. A complete gene expression profile was therefore constructed to illustrate the anti-tumourigenesis effects of maslinic acid in Raji cells across five time-points. Microarray analysis was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed in maslinic acid treated Raji cells at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. Extracted RNA was hybridized using the AffymetrixGeneChip to obtain expression profiles. A total of 109 genes were found to be significantly expressed over a period of 48 hours. By 12 hours, maslinic acid regulates the majority of genes involved in the cell cycle, p53 and NF-κB signaling pathways. At the same time, XAF1, APAF1, SESN3, and TP53BP2 were evidently up-regulated, while oncogenes, FAIM, CD27, and RRM2B, were down-regulated by at least 2-fold. In conclusion, maslinic acid shows an hourly progression of gene expression in Raji cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  13. Fulltext Effect of Cosmos caudatus kunth. (ulam raja) aqueous and dry extracts on the physicochemical and functional properties, and sensory acceptability of herbal yellow alkaline noodles
    Norlaili, A.H., Roselina, K., Muhammad, T.S.
    Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(3):403-415.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Cosmos caudatus (Ulam Raja) is rich in phytochemicals and can be utilised in diet diversification strategies to improve the health of individuals. lbis study was designed to incorporate dry and aqueous extracts of C. caudatus for the preparation of herbal noodles. Methods: For this purpose, different proportions of dry extract (2, 4 and 6% dry extract) and aqueous extract (5, 10 and 15% aqueous extract) of C. caudatus were used. The physicochemical properties of noodles evaluated were pH, cooking time, cooking loss, texture and colour. Total polyphenol contents (TPq and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay were carried out to assess the antioxidant potential. Lastly, sensory appraisal of functional noodles was carried out to assess consumer acceptance and marketability. Results: The results on physicochemical properties indicated that the pH value of noodles varied from 8.66 to 10.47. In terms of textural analysis and colour properties, firmness and greenness (a*) were higher in dry extract noodles. TPC varied between 115to149 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE/lOOg) whilst the highest DPPH free radical inhibition was exhibited in herbal noodles prepared using 4% dry extract (92.8%). In contrast, in terms of sensory appraisal, herbal noodles prepared with aqueous extract were more acceptable than dry extract noodles. Conclusion: C. caudatus can be utilised to prepare herbal noodles thus enhancing the dietary intake of phytochemicals especially antioxidants. Such functional foods can improve the health of consumers and offer the potential of protection against various ailments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  14. Anti-aging Effects of Mangosteen Peel Extract and Its Phytochemical Compounds: Antioxidant Activity, Enzyme Inhibition and Molecular Docking Simulation
    Widowati W, Ginting CN, Lister INE, Girsang E, Amalia A, Wibowo SHB, et al.
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Oct;31(3):127-144.
    PMID: 33214860 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.3.9
    Skin aging is a complex natural process characterised by gradual diminishment of structural integrity and physiological imbalance of the skin tissue. Since the oxidative stress is tightly corelated to the skin aging process, the usage of antioxidant may serve as favourable strategies for slowing down the skin aging process. Mangosteen is an important fruit commodity and its extract had been extensively studied and revealing various biological activities. Present study aimed to assess the antioxidant and antiaging activity of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) and its phytochemical compounds. MPE and its compounds were subjected to ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydroperoxide (H2O2) scavenging, anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-hyaluronidase and anti-tyrosinase assay. MPE has the highest FRAP 116.31 ± 0.60 μM Fe(II) μg-1 extract, IC50 of MPE on H2O2 scavenging activity was 54.61 μg mL-1. MPE also has the highest anti elastase activity at IC50 7.40 μg mL-1. Alpha-mangostin showed potent anti-collagenase activity (IC50 9.75 μg mL-1). While gamma-mangostin showed potent anti-hyaluronidase (IC50 23.85 μg mL-1) and anti-tyrosinase (IC50 50.35 μg mL-1). MPE and its compounds were evaluated in vitro for antioxidant and antiaging activities. Current findings may provide scientific evidence for possible usage of mangosteen extract and its compounds as antioxidant and antiaging agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  15. Fulltext Metabolic engineering of functional phytochemicals
    Kabir, M.U., Abdulkarim, S.M., Son, R., Azizah, A.H., Saari, N.B.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(1):35-41.
    MyJurnal
    Phytochemicals belonging to the group’s phenols, terpenes, betalains, organosulfides, indoles and protein inhibitors are important components in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and nuts that have health promoting benefits and a variety of applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Initially only a few of these important phytochemicals are produced commercially by chemical synthesis. However, recent developments in the field of biotechnology have provided metabolic engineering strategies that use microorganisms as cell factories for high production of these products. This review will discuss the general biosynthetic pathways, metabolic engineering and optimization strategies of functional phytochemicals that have received a lot of attention from investigators.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  16. Fulltext Phytochemicals screening and total phenolic content of Malaysian Zea mays hair extracts
    Solihah, M.A., Wan Rosli, W.I., Nurhanan, A.R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(4):1533-1538.
    MyJurnal
    In the present study, Malaysian Zea mays hair extracts are screened for the occurrence of bioactive compounds. The results positively showed the present of flavonoids, saponin, tannins, phlobatannins, phenols, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides in both aqueous and methanolic extract of Zea mays hair. Terpenoid compounds however present only in the methanolic extract sample. In addition, the total phenolic content (TPC) in aqueous extract was significantly higher (42.71 + 0.87 µg/g of tannic acid equivalent (TAE)) compared to methanolic extract (40.38 + 1.10 µg/g of TAE). The findings suggested that phytochemicals present in Zea mays hair are potentially beneficial as therapeutic and antioxidative agents in pharmaceuticals, food and other related industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  17. Fulltext Variability in nutritional composition and phytochemical properties of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) from Malaysia and Australia
    Nurul, S.R., Asmah, R
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(4):1689-1697.
    MyJurnal
    The present work sought to investigate the nutritional composition and phytochemical properties of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) juices from Malaysia and Australia and to determine the optimum ethanol concentration (in the range of 0 – 100% ethanol) for the extraction of phenolic, flavonoid and betacyanin contents. The predominant macronutrient in red pitaya juice was carbohydrate while potassium and vitamin A were the major mineral and vitamin content. Red pitaya juice from Malaysia achieved optimal total phenolic content at 20% of ethanol (20 mL ethanol in 100 mL water, v/v); total flavonoid content at 60% (v/v); and betacyanin content at 0% (v/v). Red pitaya juice from Australia achieved the maximum total phenolic content at 60% (v/v); total flavonoid content at 20% (v/v); and betacyanin content at 80% (v/v). Nutritional composition and the phytochemical properties of red pitaya in Malaysia and Australia were significantly different suggested the role of environmental factors like soil and climate on the phytochemical properties of red pitaya.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  18. Fulltext Anticancer effect of underutilized fruits
    Rabeta, M.S., Chan, S., Neda, G.D., Lam, K.L., Ong, M.T.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(2):551-556.
    MyJurnal
    Plants, particularly fruits and vegetables, have many phytochemicals that possess various bioactivities, including antioxidant and anticancer properties. In this study, the aim was to investigate the antiproliferative properties of Syzygium fruits, namely water apple (Syzygium aqueum), milk apple (Syzygium malaccense), and malay apple (Syzygium malaccense L.) against two types of cancer-origin cells, namely MCF-7 (hormone dependent breast cancer cell line) and MDA-MB-231 (nonhormone-dependent breast cancer cell line). Two solvent methods were prepared using aqueous and methanol extraction. Antiproliferation activities of these extracts were evaluated by employing colorimetric MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay through time periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The result showed that extracts from the three fruits had no significant effects for 24 and 48 hours time periods (p >0.05) but extracts of Water apple and Malay apple displayed antiproliferation effects on MCF-7 cell lines (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
  19. Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blume
    Abed SA, Sirat HM, Taher M
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Nov;29(6):2071-2078.
    PMID: 28375126
    The leaves of Gynotroches axillaris were chemically and biologically studied. Sequential extraction of the leaves using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol afforded three extracts. Purification of pet. ether extract yielded, squalene and β-amyrin palmitate as the major compounds, together with palmitic acid and myristic acid as the minor components. The methanol extract yielded two flavonoids, quercitrin and epicatechin. The isolated compounds were characterized by MS, IR and NMR (1D and 2D). Anti-acetyl cholinesterase screening using TLC bio-autography assay showed that palmitic acid and myristic acid were the strongest inhibition with detection limit 1.14 and 1.28 μ/g/ 5 μL respectively. Antibacterial against Gram-positive and negative and antifungal activities exhibited that β-amyrin palmitate was the strongest (450-225 μ/mL) against all the tested microbes. The tyrosinase inhibition assay of extracts and the pure compounds were screened against tyrosinase enzyme. The inhibition percentage (I%) of methanol extract against tyrosinase enzyme was stronger than the other extracts with value 68.4%. Quercitrin (59%) was found to be the highest in the tyrosinase inhibition activity amongst the pure compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report on the phytochemicals, tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetycholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of the leaves of G. axillaris.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals/isolation & purification; Phytochemicals/pharmacology*; Phytochemicals/chemistry
  20. Fulltext Quantification of total phenolics in different parts of Pluchea indica (less) ethanolic and water extracts
    Normala, H., Suhaimi, M.I.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(1):19-24.
    MyJurnal
    One of the compounds present in Pluchea indica extracts is antioxidant which plays an important role in inhibiting free radicals and thus protects humans against infections and degenerative diseases, such as cancer, arthritis, and ageing process. The main objective of this study was to investigate and determine the total phenolic compounds of Pluchea indica in different concentrations of ethanolic extracts. This species was chosen because of its high phytonutrient compounds with potential medicinal properties. There was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in the total phenolic among the different parts of the tested plant. 50% of the ethanolic extract produced the highest total phenolic compounds (1775.00±86.00 to 658.95±5.00 µmol/g), followed by water extract (759.79±1.53 µmol/g) and 100% ethanol extract (352.72±22.30 to 249.29±5.37 µmol/g), respectively. In terms of the plant parts, the leaves contained the highest phenolic compounds (1775.00±86.00 µmol/g in 50% ethanol extract, 759.79±1.53 µmol/g in 100% aqueous extract and 352.72±22.30 µmol/g in 100% ethanol extract), followed by the stems (990.22±24.00 µmol/g in 50% ethanol extract, 990.22±24.59 µmol/g in 100% aqueous extract and 293.48±0.00 µmol/g in 100% ethanol extract). Meanwhile, lower total phenolic compounds were detected in the flowers (727.71±11.00 µmol/g in 50% ethanol extract, 603.81±8.46 µmol/g in 100% aqueous extract and 249.29±5.37 µmol/g in 100% ethanol extract) and roots (658.95±5.00 µmol/g in 50% ethanol extract, 450.00±10.76 µmol/g in 100% aqueous extract and 272.28±0.53 µmol/g in 100% ethanol extract). Based on these findings, Pluchea indica has potential medicinal properties that can be further developed to produce neutraceutical products, diet supplements or cosmetic products. However, further research should first be conducted on the effects of these compounds on laboratory animals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals
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