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Fulltext Comparison of high-fat style diet-induced dysregulation of baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity in intact and ovariectomized female rats: Renal sympathetic nerve activity in high-fat style diet fed intact and ovariectomized female rats

Sucedaram Y, Johns EJ, Husain R, Sattar MA, Abdulla M, Khalilpourfarshbafi M, et al.

Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2020 05;245(9):761-776.
PMID: 32212858 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220915673

IMPACT STATEMENT: Over activation of renal sensory nerve in obesity blunts the normal regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity. To date, there is no investigation that has been carried out on baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity in obese ovarian hormones deprived rat model, and the effect of renal denervation on the baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity. Thus, we investigated the role of renal innervation on baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity in obese intact and ovariectomized female rats. Our data demonstrated that in obese states, the impaired baroreflex control is indistinguishable between ovarian hormones deprived and non-deprived states. This study will be of substantial interest to researchers working on the impact of diet-induced hypertension in pre- and postmenopausal women. This study provides insight into health risks amongst obese women regardless of their ovarian hormonal status and may be integrated in preventive health strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Effect of tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) on muscles reinnervation after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats

Amalia Lailanor, Nurul Alaina Hj Yahya, Junedah Sanusi, Huzwah Khaza’ai, Muhammad Danial Che Ramli

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(101):118-124.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Muscle denervation is a process where muscles lose nerve supply due to neural damage and this may lead to paralysis in human. Muscle denervation is mainly caused by peripheral nerve injuries especially in the lower extremities that resulted in devastating effect on human daily functions and routines. Tocotrienol Rich Fraction (TRF) consist of 75% of tocotrienols have shown potential neuroprotective properties. The objective of this study is to ob- serve motor coordination and histological characteristics on muscles that underwent sciatic nerve crush injury and supplemented with TRF. Methods: A total of 104 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; normal group (n=8) with no sciatic nerve crush injury, negative control (n=32) with sciatic nerve crush injury at hindlimb without treatment, positive control (n=32) sciatic nerve crush injury treated with 500 µg/kg/day of methylcobalamin, and experimental group (n=32) of rats that underwent sciatic nerve crush injury and treated with 200 mg/kg/day of TRF. Result: Skeletal muscles which located at hind limb; Soleus Muscle and Extenstor Digitorum Longus Muscle (EDL) muscle have shown an increasing in weight when it is supplemented with TRF 200 mg/kg/day and improved myelin layer of nerve. Conclusion: This study showed that TRF has the potency to improve reinnervation rate and neuron supply in hind muscle.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Virgin palm kernel oil reduces cardiovascular risk factors

Phua, P. S. P, Ng, T. K. W., Teh, L. K., Voon, P. T.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):53-53.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Inflammation is one of the major cause of cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer and stroke. Many dietary compounds containing kernel oil or coconut oil with anti-inflammatory effect can delay the onset of these chronic diseases however the underlying mechanism is unclear. Methods: This study compares the effects of 5% virgin palm kernel oil (VPKO), virgin coconut oil (VCO) and refined, bleached, deodorized olive oil (RBDOO) on selected immune markers in healthy sprague dawley (SD) rats (n=16 per treatment) across 8 weeks. Sera were obtained for four major immunological analyses including cluster of differentiation 4 (CD 4), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD 8), interleukin 6 (IL 6), and c reactive protein (CRP). Results were expressed in mean ± standard error of the mean (mean±SE). Results: Eight weeks fat feeding had no significant difference in weight gain across treatments. Interestingly, we observe significant different on the concentration of CD 4 (p=0.001) with the lowest CD 4 level in rats fed with VPKO 3.87±0.65 ng/ml. The concentration of CD 8 in rats fed with VPKO 8.19±0.25 (p=0.001) ng/ml was comparable to VCO fed rats but was found lower than the control group, RBDOO fed rats. Lower T cell count (CD 4 or CD 8) indicates suppression in inflammation. IL-6 and CRP concentration in rat fed with VPKO 10.89±0.22 pg/ml and 118.39±7.13 ng/ml were slightly higher than that of VCO fed rats but were lower than RBDOO fed rats. Conclusion: We postulate that VPKO could be a potential supplement as an alternative to VCO for relieving inflammation and enhancing body immune system.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext A cytotoxicity and sub-acute toxicity study on tea leaves cultivated in Sabah

Nor Qhairul Izzreen, M. N., Mohd Fadzelly, A. B., Umi Hartina, M. R., Rabiatul Amirah, R., Rozzamri, A.

International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(5):925-933.
MyJurnal

The present work investigated the cytotoxicity capacity of the MDA-MB-231 (human
cancer-derived), A549 (human lung cancer-derived), Caov3 (human ovarian cancer-derived),
and HeLa (human cervical cancer-derived) cell lines on a wide range of tea leaves; green tea,
black tea, tea waste, and compost from Sabah. A group of male and female Sprague Dawley
rats was used to screen the sub-acute toxicity of green tea extract in tea leaves from Sabah for
28 d. Results revealed that the ethanol extract of tea leaves had strong cytotoxic activity
against all cancer lines. Tea waste showed higher cytotoxicity when extracted using hot water.
The ethanol extract of black tea leaves exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against the
proliferation of Caov3, whereas the ethanol extract of green tea leaves exhibited a promising
cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cell lines. Toxicity studies showed
decreased testes weight and increased liver weight in male rats that were administered with
5000 mg/kg of tea extract. This coincided with the significant increase portrayed by enzyme
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum of treated male rats in the 5000 mg/kg dose
group. Moreover, there was an increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ALT for the
female rats in the 5000 mg/kg dose group. The increased levels of ALT and ALP enzymes, as
well as liver weight, signified mechanical trauma in the liver of male and female rats in the
5000 mg/kg dose group.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Acute and subchronic toxicity studies of methanol extract of Polygonum minus leaves in Sprague Dawley rats

Christapher PV, Parasuraman S, Asmawi MZ, Murugaiyah V

Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2017 Jun;86:33-41.
PMID: 28229903 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.005

Medicinal plant preparations may contain high levels of toxic chemical constituents to potentially cause serious harm to animals and/or humans. Thus, toxicity studies are important to assess the toxic effects of plant derived products. Polygonum minus is used traditionally for different ailments in Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to establish the acute and subchronic toxicity profile of the methanol extract of P. minus leaves. The acute toxicity study showed that the methanol extract of P. minus is safe even at the highest dose tested of 2000 mg/kg in female Sprague Dawley rats. There were no behavioural or physiological changes and gross pathological abnormalities observed. The subchronic toxicity study of methanol extract of P. minus at 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg were conducted in both sexes of Sprague Dawley rats. There were no changes observed in the extract treated animal's body weight, food and water intake, motor coordination, behaviour and mental alertness. The values of haematological and biochemical parameters were not different between the treated and control animals. The relative organ weights of extract-treated animals did not differ with that of control animals. Based on the present findings, the methanol extract of P. minus leaves could be considered safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Safety assessment of widely used fermented virgin coconut oil (Cocos nucifera) in Malaysia: Chronic toxicity studies and SAR analysis of the active components

Ibrahim AH, Khan MS, Al-Rawi SS, Ahamed MB, Majid AS, Al-Suede FS, et al.

Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2016 Nov;81:457-467.
PMID: 27756558 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.10.004

Fermented Virgin Coconut Oil (FVCO) is widely used in the Southeast Asia as food and traditional medicine. The objective of the present study is the evaluation of chronic safety of the commercialized FVCO of Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. A single dose of 5000 mg/kg of FVCO was administered orally in rats (each group, n = 5) for the acute toxicity study and 175, 550 and 2000 mg/kg for sub-chronic and chronic studies (each group, n = 10), respectively. The behavior, mortality, and body weight of the rats were assessed to determine the toxic effects of FVCO. The haematology, biochemistry and histopathology of the treated rats were evaluated. The treated rats were safe with the dose of 5000 mg/kg in acute, sub-chronic and chronic indication. Abnormal clinical signs and morphology (gross necroscopy), changes of organ weight, anomalous haematology and biochemistry indexes were not found in comparison with the control (p > 0.05). In general, food and water intake were higher in the treated rats related to control. It was concluded that the presence of the antioxidant active compounds of FVCO might be the reason of safety. The structure activity relationship (SAR) provides a comprehensive mechanism to determine the safety that is the presence of the electron donating phenolic groups, carbonyl groups, and carboxylic acid in the ortho and meta position of the aromatic rings. The SAR showed the antioxidant properties of myristic acid and lauric acid determined by GC-MS analysis. This result suggests the safety of FVCO for chronic use, nutritional activity that FVCO formulation complies the requirements of regulatory agencies.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Prenatal developmental toxicity evaluation of Verbena officinalis during gestation period in female Sprague-Dawley rats

Fateh AH, Mohamed Z, Chik Z, Alsalahi A, Md Zin SR, Alshawsh MA

Chem Biol Interact, 2019 May 01;304:28-42.
PMID: 30807743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.016

Verbena officinalis is widely used by women for maintaining general health and treating various gynaecological disorders during pregnancy. A case report has indicated that the consumption of V. officinalis induced an abortifacient effect. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the prenatal developmental toxicity of this plant according to OECD guideline (no. 414). A total of 50 pregnant female rats (dams) were distributed into five groups (n = 10); 500 mg/kg 1000 mg/2000 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg of V. offcinalis extracts and the fifth group served as a normal control. All dams received their respective oral single daily treatment from the 6th to the 20th day of gestation. Maternal clinical toxicity signs, body weight and weight gain were recorded. Caesarean sections were performed on day 21 to evaluate embryo-foetal developmental toxicity. For dams, ovaries were harvested and weighed. The number of corpora lutea, implantation sites, and resorptions were recorded. No mortality was observed in dams, but their body weight gain was significantly reduced particularly in dams treated with 2000 and 3000 mg/kg V. officinalis. Asymmetrical distribution of implantation sites and embryos were observed. Embryo-fetotoxicity retardation was observed as evident by the decrease in foetal weight, head cranium, tail length, and higher incidence in the pre-and post-implantation loss. Some foetal skeleton abnormalities such as incomplete ossification of skull, sternebrae, and metatarsal bones were observed in foetuses of the 2000 and 3000 mg/kg V. officinalis-treated dams. LC/MS analysis identified the major constituents including geniposidic acid, tuberonic acid glucoside, luteolin 7, 3'-digalacturonide, iridotrial and apigenin. The glycosylated flavonoids such as apigenin and luteolin could be responsible for the reported prenatal developmental toxicity. In conclusion, the use of V. officinalis during pregnancy is not safe indicating evidence-based toxic effects on the reproductive performance of dams and dose-dependent risk potentials to the foetuses.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Centella asiatica (L.)-Neurodifferentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote the Regeneration of Peripheral Nerve

Hussin HM, Lawi MM, Haflah NHM, Kassim AYM, Idrus RBH, Lokanathan Y

Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2020 04;17(2):237-251.
PMID: 32036567 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00235-6

BACKGROUND: Centella asiatica (L.) is a plant with neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties; however, its effects on the neurodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and on peripheral nerve injury are poorly explored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of C. asiatica (L.)-neurodifferentiated MSCs on the regeneration of peripheral nerve in a critical-size defect animal model.
METHODS: Nerve conduit was developed using decellularised artery seeded with C. asiatica-neurodifferentiated MSCs (ndMSCs). A 1.5 cm sciatic nerve injury in Sprague-Dawley rat was bridged with reversed autograft (RA) (n = 3, the gold standard treatment), MSC-seeded conduit (MC) (n = 4) or ndMSC-seeded conduit (NC) (n = 4). Pinch test and nerve conduction study were performed every 2 weeks for a total of 12 weeks. At the 12th week, the conduits were examined by histology and transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS: NC implantation improved the rats' sensory sensitivity in a similar manner to RA. At the 12th week, nerve conduction velocity was the highest in NC compared with that of RA and MC. Axonal regeneration was enhanced in NC and RA as shown by the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP). The average number of myelinated axons was significantly higher in NC than in MC but significantly lower than in RA. The myelin sheath thickness was higher in NC than in MC but lower than in RA.
CONCLUSION: NC showed promising effects on nerve regeneration and functional restoration similar to those of RA. These findings revealed the neuroregenerative properties of C. asiatica and its potential as an alternative strategy for the treatment of critical size nerve defect.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Edible Bird's Nest Supplementation Improves Male Reproductive Parameters of Sprague Dawley Rat

Jaffar FHF, Osman K, Hui CK, Zulkefli AF, Ibrahim SF

Front Pharmacol, 2021;12:631402.
PMID: 33986667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.631402

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is reported to have a positive in vitro proliferative effect and contain male reproductive hormones. Spermatogonia cells proliferate during spermatogenesis under male reproductive hormones stimulation that include testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Characterization of EBN through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) has found testosterone as a base peak. Six types of amino acids, estradiol and sialic acid were among the major peaks that have been characterized. Based on the presence of these reproductive components, this study evaluated different doses of EBN on sperm parameters and male reproductive hormones of Sprague Dawley rats. Sixteen Sprague Dawley rats at the age of eight weeks were randomly and equally divided into four groups, which are Control, 10 mg/kg BW/d 50 mg/kg BW/d, and 250 mg/kg BW/d EBN group. The rats were fed with EBN enriched pellet daily and water ad-libitum. Rats were sacrificed and the organ was weighed for organ coefficients after eight weeks of treatment. Sperm concentration, percentage of sperm motility, and sperm viability were evaluated. Meanwhile, ELISA method was used to measure testosterone, FSH, and LH. Findings showed that there were no significant differences in organ coefficient between groups. Supplementation of 250 mg/kg BW/d EBN demonstrated a significant increase in sperm concentration, percentage of sperm motility as well as FSH and LH level compared to 10 mg/kg BW/d group. There was a dose-dependent increase in testosterone level but was not significant between groups. Based on these findings, EBN is concluded to have crucial effects on male reproductive parameters.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Effects of Tualang honey on pain behaviour and oxidative stress in the thalamus of prenatally stressed rat offspring

Hidani Hasim, Che Badariah Abd Aziz, Siti Qusyasyiah Ahmad Suhaimi, Mahaneem Mohamed, Idris Long, Rahimah Zakaria

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):85-92.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Increased nociceptive responses were shown in the offspring of prenatally stressed rats. Reports have demonstrated the anti-nociceptive effects of Tualang honey in the rat offspring. The present study was done to de- termine whether the modulation of nociceptive behaviour by Tualang honey was mediated by modulating changes in the histology, oxidative stress parameters and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the thalamus of the rat offspring. Methods: Eighteen Sprague Dawley pregnant rats were randomly assigned to control (C), stress (S) and stress-treated with Tualang honey (SH) groups. Stress was given in a form of restraint stress.Tualang honey was given to SH group from first day of pregnancy until delivery. Thirty-three adult male offspring were subjected to formalin test before they were sacrificed. Nociceptive behaviour score, number of neurons, level of oxidative stress parameters and NMDA receptors in the thalamus were analysed by using one-way ANOVA. Results: The study demonstrated a significant decrease in mean nociceptive behaviour score (p

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Mechanisms of action of Panax notoginseng ethanolic extract for its vasodilatory effects and partial characterization of vasoactive compounds

Loh YC, Tan CS, Ch'ng YS, Ng CH, Yeap ZQ, Yam MF

Hypertens Res, 2019 02;42(2):182-194.
PMID: 30464217 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0139-9

Panax notoginseng is the most valuable medicinal plant and has been used clinically for more than two thousand years to treat various diseases, including hypertension. Previous studies claimed that different isolated compounds from P. notoginseng are involved in different pathways for vasodilation. It is strongly believed that these vasodilating compounds might act synergistically in contributing vasodilatory effects via holistic signaling pathways. The present study aims to evaluate the vasodilatory effect and mechanism of action employed by the crude extract of P. notoginseng. The fingerprint of P. notoginseng was developed using tri-step FTIR and HPTLC. The contents of Rg1 and Rb1 in the active extract (PN95) were further quantified via HPTLC. The vasodilatory effect of PN95 was evaluated using an in vitro aortic ring model. The results showed that PN95 contains a high amount of Rg1 and Rb1, 25.9 and 13.6%, respectively. The vasodilatory effect of PN95 was elicited via the NO/sGC/cGMP and β2-adrenergic receptors pathways. Furthermore, PN95 could manage vascular tone by regulating action potentials via potassium and both VOCC and IP3R pathways. The results obtained fulfilled the expected outcome where the PN95 employed more signaling pathways than any of the single active compounds; hence, the holistic therapeutic effect could be achieved and would more easily translate to applications for the treatment of human diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Analysis of endosulfan and its metabolites in rat plasma and selected tissue samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Chan MP, Mohd MA

Environ Toxicol, 2005 Feb;20(1):45-52.
PMID: 15712329

A method has been developed for the determination of trace levels of alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, and endosulfan diol in rat plasma and tissue samples. Endosulfan and its metabolites in the plasma samples were extracted with solid-phase extraction Chromabond-end-capped C18 cartridges and analyzed by a Shimadzu QP-5050A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GCMS) with quadrupole detector in selected-ion-monitoring mode. The analysis of endosulfan and its metabolites in liver and kidney samples involved solvent extraction, Florisil solid-phase-extraction cleanup, and quantitation by GCMS. Recovery experiments for the plasma and tissue samples were conducted over concentration ranges of 10-100 ng mL(-1) and 100-1000 ng mL(-1), respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of trace levels of endosulfan and its metabolites in plasma and tissue samples collected from an animal study. Trace levels of alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan in the ranges of undetectable to 3.11 microg g(-1) and undetectable to 1.19 microg g(-1), respectively, were detected in the kidney samples, whereas trace levels of endosulfan sulfate in the range of 0.02-0.22 microg g(-1) were detected in the liver samples of rats. Neither endosulfan nor its metabolites was detected in any of the plasma samples.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in the bone marrow of rats exposed to a low dose of paraquat via the dermal route

D'Souza UJ, Zain A, Raju S

Mutat Res, 2005 Mar 7;581(1-2):187-90.
PMID: 15725618

The genotoxic effect of the herbicide paraquat was studied in rat bone-marrow by means of the micronucleus assay. Paraquat at dose levels of 6, 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight was given to rats in a single application via the dermal route. Marrow was collected at 24, 48 and 72 h after the application. The micronucleus assay was done as recommended by standard procedures. Paraquat gave rise to an increase in the number of micronuclei in a dose-dependent manner. The number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes showed a maximum at 48 h and the toxicity was further prolonged, as there was no complete recovery at 72 h. These findings suggest a genotoxic effect of paraquat even after exposure via dermal application.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Preparation and characterization of nano liposomes of Orthosiphon stamineus ethanolic extract in soybean phospholipids

Aisha AF, Majid AM, Ismail Z

BMC Biotechnol, 2014;14:23.
PMID: 24674107 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-23

O. stamineus is a medicinal herb with remarkable pharmacological properties. However, poor solubility of the active principles limits its medicinal value. This study sought to prepare nano liposomes of OS ethanolic extract in unpurified soybean phospholipids in order to improve its solubility and permeability. OS liposomes were prepared by the conventional film method, and were characterized for solubility, entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size and zeta potential, release, absorption in everted rat intestinal sacs, and DPPH scavenging effect.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Texturized mung bean protein as a sustainable food source: techno-functionality, anti-nutrient properties, in vivo protein quality and toxicity

Brishti FH, Chay SY, Muhammad K, Rashedi Ismail-Fitry M, Zarei M, Saari N

Food Funct, 2020 Oct 21;11(10):8918-8930.
PMID: 32996964 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01463j

Mung bean is gaining attention as a sustainable and economic source of plant protein. The current study evaluates the techno-functionality, anti-nutrient properties, in vivo protein quality and toxicity of texturized mung bean protein (TMBP) produced under optimized conditions. Our work successfully produces TMBP with improved techno-functionalities that are crucial for meat-based food applications, credited to retained juiciness and fat-binding ability. Alkaline extraction and extrusion significantly reduce trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid and tannin content in TMBP. An in vivo study using Sprague-Dawley rats reveals the good protein quality of TMBP, with a true protein digestibility of 99.26% resembling casein (99.36%, control protein), a net protein utilization of 63.99% and a biological value of 64.46%. The good protein quality, increased lean muscle mass along with reduced cholesterol and triglyceride secures TMBP's potential as a Protein meal replacer and dietary suplement. Non-toxicity of TMBP is confirmed by normal serum biochemical parameters and healthy organs, ascertaining the safety of alkaline extraction. The current study elucidates the production of TMBP with improved techno-functionalities (for meat-based food applications), reduced anti-nutritional factors and high quality (for weight-watchers and malnourished individuals).

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Pleiotropic ameliorative effects of ellagitannin geraniin against metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet in rats

Cheng HS, Goh BH, Phang SCW, Amanullah MM, Ton SH, Palanisamy UD, et al.

Nutrition, 2020 08 12;79-80:110973.
PMID: 32916379 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110973

OBJECTIVES: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a multiplex risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, is increasingly prevalent worldwide. Ellagitannin geraniin, a polyphenol found in the rind of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), has demonstrated therapeutic effects against metabolism dysfunction. The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolic effects and possible mechanism of geraniin in rats with MetS induced by a high-fat diet (HFD).
METHODS: MetS was induced in Sprague Dawley rats on an HFD, followed by a daily oral gavage of geraniin (25 mg/kg) for 4 wk. The outcomes of geraniin-treated rats were compared with those of untreated rats on either a control diet or an HFD and with rats with MetS treated with metformin on a daily basis (200 mg/kg).
RESULTS: The supplementation of geraniin ameliorated multiple metabolic abnormalities caused by HFD, including hypertension, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, ectopic fat deposition in the visceral fat and liver, and disturbed antioxidant mechanism and inflammatory response. The benefits conferred by geraniin were comparable to metformin. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a profound influence of geraniin on the hepatic expression profiles. The lipid and steroid metabolic processes that were aberrantly activated by HFD were suppressed by geraniin. Based on the differential transcriptomes, geraniin also exerted a significant modulatory effect on the expression of mitochondrial genes, potentially influencing the mitochondrial activity and leading to the observed beneficial effects.
CONCLUSION: Geraniin supplementation mitigated metabolic anomalies of MetS in rats, making it an attractive drug candidate for further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Intracellular stored calcium plays a minor role in Gq-coupled receptor-mediated contraction in rat airway smooth muscle

Govindaraju, Kayatri, Lee, Mei Kee, Mbaki, Yvonne, Ting, Kang Nee

Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(2):1-6.
MyJurnal

The general notion of activation of Gq-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) involves the mobilisation of stored and extracellular calcium and leads to smooth muscle tissue contraction. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of calcium mediated contractions in vascular and airway smooth muscles. Using standard organ bath procedures, aortic and tracheal rings were obtained from 6 to 8 week-old male Sprague Dawley rats. To activate the Gq protein receptors, phenylephrine (PE), an α1-adrenoceptor agonist, and carbachol, a M3 cholinoceptor agonist was added to baths containing the aortic and tracheal rings, respectively. The maximum response (Emax) to PE was reduced from 158.8 ± 11.8% (n=6) to 62.5 ± 12.4 % (n=8) upon removal of extracellular calcium in Krebs-Ringer solution. Maximal response to PE was also suppressed in the presence of nifedipine, a L-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor, (70.3 ± 11 %, n=8) and SKF96365, a canonical transient receptor potential cation channel inhibitor, (26.7 ± 13.2 %, n=5) when the influx of extracellular calcium was blocked. Removal of stored calcium also attenuated the PE contraction (p0.05). From these observations, we conclude that the role of stored and extracellular calcium in Gq protein activation is not the same across different types of smooth muscle tissues.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Effects of Melicope Ptelifolia aqueous extract on sperm parameters and testosterone level in Sprague-Dawley rats

Nazizarini Binti Mohd Najib, Perimal, Enoch Kumar, Mohd. Roslan Bin Sulaiman, Ahmad Akira Omar Farouk, Tengku Azam Shah Bin Tengku Mohamad

Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(4):1-6.
MyJurnal

The increasing number of prevalence infertility cases is becoming a major public health problem in developing countries due to changes in diet and lifestyle. Melicope ptelefolia (M.ptelifolia) is known for its health benefit as a sex enhancing effect among the Malays folk however there is no clinical data to prove it until these days. The main aim of the present study is to identify the effects of Melicope ptelifolia Aqueous extract (MPAE) on Sperm Parameters and Testosterone Level . A total of 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into five different groups. MPAE was given by orally gavage for 28 days at a dose of 100mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight to the animals of group II (n=6), III (n=6) and IV (n=6), respectively. The animals of group I (control, n=6) had distilled water and group V had sildenafil citrate. Sperm Parameters were carried include sperm count, motility, mobility and morphology together with serum testosterone level for Testosterone level result. Results were analyzed using one way ANOVA test followed by Tukey test and the data were considered significant at p

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Metabolic and immunologic alterations of ginger rhizome among streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats

Mansooreh, Sadat Mojani, Asmah Rahmat, Rajesh, Ramasamy, Vahid, Hosseinpour Sarmadi, Pratheep, Sandrasaigaran, Shalini, Vellasamy, et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2016;22(3):421-432.
MyJurnal

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine immunological and metabolic effects of different concentrations of ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA) induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Forty-eight fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced diabetes using a single intraperitoneal injection of NA(110 mg/kg b.w.) and STZ (65 mg/kg b.w, 15 min after NA). Diabetic rats orally received either different concentrations (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight) of ginger rhizome suspension or glibenclamide (10 mg/kg body weight) for 6 weeks. Two control diabetic and normal groups were gavaged with only distilled water as a vehicle.

Results: The results indicated that the lower concentrations of ginger modulated body weight, fasting blood glucose, level of triglyceride and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) (p

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Effects of Potential Probiotic Strains on the Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites of D-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet

Lew LC, Hor YY, Jaafar MH, Lau AS, Khoo BY, Sasidharan S, et al.

Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 2020 06;12(2):545-562.
PMID: 31301059 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09545-6

Both aging and diet play an important role in influencing the gut ecosystem. Using premature senescent rats induced by D-galactose and fed with high-fat diet, this study aims to investigate the effects of different potential probiotic strains on the dynamic changes of fecal microbiome and metabolites. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high-fat diet and injected with D-galactose for 12 weeks to induce aging. The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum DR7, L. fermentum DR9, and L. reuteri 8513d administration on the fecal microbiota profile, short-chain fatty acids, and water-soluble compounds were analyzed. It was found that the administration of the selected strains altered the gut microbiota diversity and composition, even at the phylum level. The fecal short-chain fatty acid content was also higher in groups that were administered with the potential probiotic strains. Analysis of the fecal water-soluble metabolites revealed that administration of L. plantarum DR7 and L. reuteri 8513d led to higher fecal content of compounds related to amino acid metabolism such as tryptophan, leucine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine, valine, and lysine; while administration of L. fermentum DR9 led to higher prevalence of compounds related to carbohydrate metabolism such as erythritol, xylitol, and arabitol. In conclusion, it was observed that different strains of lactobacilli can cause difference alteration in the gut microbiota and the metabolites, suggesting the urgency to explore the specific metabolic impact of specific strains on the host.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley

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