INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis management poses a substantial healthcare challenge, necessitating effective strategies and Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) adherence.
METHODS: The study employed a self-administered online questionnaire via Google Forms. Orthopedic clinicians from all study sites were invited to participate via messaging platforms. A total of 135 participants completed the questionnaire and the data was proceeded to statistical analyses.
RESULTS: The study identified significant barriers, including inadequate knowledge of current osteoporosis guidelines and medications (p = 0.014), limited choice of anti-osteoporosis medication (p
METHODS: This prospective study was carried out in Khulna Medical College Hospital from 2007 to 2009. All of the admitted children between 1 month and 12 years of age were enrolled over a 2-year period if they met the inclusion criteria of having an acute onset of fever (≤ 14 days) and any of the following 3 signs: neck stiffness, convulsion, or altered mental status. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected within hours and sent to the laboratory for cytological and biochemical analyses. CSF was examined by Gram staining and a latex agglutination test to detect common bacteria. Serum and CSF were also tested for Japanese encephalitis virus antibodies.
RESULTS: A total of 140 children were included in the study, which accounted for 2.5% of admissions between 2007 and 2009. The number of acute meningoencephalitis cases was relatively higher (37.9%) during the monsoon season. The CSF report revealed a pyogenic form in 24 (18.5%) and a viral form in 13 (10.0%) cases. Altered mental status was significantly less frequent (P < 0.001) in cases of pyogenic meningoencephalitis (62.5%) than in cases of non-pyogenic meningoencephalitis (93.4%). Bacterial causes were identified in 11 (8.5%) children; the causative agents included Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 8), Neisseria meningitides (n = 2), and Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1). Three (2.3%) patients were positive for Japanese encephalitis virus.
CONCLUSION: S. pneumoniae was the most common bacteria causing acute meningoencephalitis among the study subjects, and Japanese encephalitis virus was present in few patients.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Relevant published literature was identified by searching major electronic databases using targeted search queries. This process retrieved a total of 81 peer-reviewed research articles deemed eligible for inclusion, as they partially or fully met the pre-defined selection criteria. These eligible articles underwent a qualitative synthesis and were included in the scoping review. Within these, 11 studies specifically explored Ov-CCA tissues to investigate potential epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This subset of 11 articles provided a foundation for exploring the applications of epigenetics-based therapies and biomarkers for Ov-CCA. These articles delved into various epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, and examined genes with aberrant epigenetic changes linked to deregulated signalling pathways in Ov-CCA progression.
CONCLUSIONS: This review identified epigenetic changes and Wnt/β-catenin pathway deregulation as key drivers in Ov-CCA pathogenesis. Promoter hypermethylation of specific genes suggests potential diagnostic biomarkers and dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin-modulating genes contributes to pathway activation in Ov-CCA progression. Reversible epigenetic changes offer opportunities for dynamic disease monitoring and targeted interventions. Therefore, this study underscores the importance of these epigenetic modifications in Ov-CCA development, suggesting novel therapeutic targets within disrupted signalling networks. However, additional validation is crucial for translating these novel insights into clinically applicable strategies, enhancing personalised Ov-CCA management approaches.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to analyze the formulation of red palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq), koja bay leaves (Murraya koenigii L Spreng), and passion fruit seeds (Passiflora edulis Sims) to improve lipid profile, antioxidant activity, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and lipase enzyme activity of Sprague-Dawley rats.
METHODS: This study was an in vivo and pre-post experimental study, starting with analyzing flavonoid of the three extract ingredients, then tested by giving it to rats for 14 days and ending with induction administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for two days. This pre-post study on animals involved 36 rats divided into 6 groups. At the end of the study, termination and examination of malondialdehyde, lipid profile, glucose, BDNF, lipase enzyme activity and histopathological examination were carried out.
RESULTS: The study results showed that there were significant values in several parameters, which were body weight, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, BDNF, and lipase enzyme activity especially in the group of rats given LPS and the group with high calories-fat-protein. This study showed that there were significant differences in body weight, LDL levels, and LDL/HDL ratio in each group of rats, especially in the group given the formulation of the three extract ingredients, the significant dose showed in 300mg/kg body weight (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The formulation of red palm oil, koja bay leaves, and passion fruit seeds showed significant reduction in LDL levels, LDL/HDL ratio, BDNF, and lipase enzyme activity.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in the Hand and Microsurgery Unit of Hospital Selayang, Batu Caves, Malaysia, which included all patients who sustained non-pathological DRFs over 24 months, from 01 January 2022 to 31 December 2023. Medical records were analyzed in terms of detailed demographic data, fracture characteristics, and mode of treatment.
RESULTS: Over the two-year study period, we identified 446 patients with DRF, totaling 450 DRFs (four patients had bilateral injuries). Male patients outnumbered female patients 114 (64%) to 63 (36%) in 2022 and 145 (54%) to 124 (46%) in 2023. The mean age of patients was significantly higher in 2023 compared to 2022 (54.51 ± 22.20 vs. 45.25 ± 23.64 years, respectively; p < 0.0001). The most common fracture type was type A, based on the Orthopaedic Trauma Association(OTA) classification, accounting for 83.6% of cases in 2022 and 87.4% of cases in 2023. In terms of treatment, most DRFs were treated conservatively as opposed to operatively (77.4% vs. 71.3%), with plate fixation being the most common operative intervention, accounting for 57.5% of cases in 2022 and 73.3% of cases in 2023.
CONCLUSION: The incidence of DRF was higher among male patients than among female patients in our study population, with an increasing annual trend. Most cases were the result of low-impact trauma and were closed fractures that were conservatively managed.
METHODS: A quasi-experimental single-arm pre-post pilot study was conducted among Malaysian parent-adolescent dyads. Parents received a six-week structured SRH module delivered via a website, supported by healthcare professionals through digital platforms, and engaged in PACS. Adolescents completed a validated 30-item SRH knowledge questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention.
RESULTS: Fifty adolescents with a mean age of 14.45 (SD=1.50) years completed the study (completion rate: 89.3 %). Median knowledge scores increased significantly from 19.0 (IQR=11.5-26.5) to 23.0 (IQR=17-29) (p<0.001, r=0.62). Significant improvements were observed across several knowledge domains, including contraception misconceptions, oral sex and pregnancy risk, gender identity, digital safety, grooming awareness, and abortion (r=0.28-0.40, p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that empowering parents with digitally delivered, structured SRH education and professional support can enhance parent-adolescent communication and improve adolescents' knowledge, particularly in sensitive and under-addressed domains. This family-based approach offers a feasible and scalable complement to school-based SRH education, especially in culturally sensitive and resource-limited settings.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-centered, prospective observational study was conducted among 46 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and concomitant chronic kidney disease stage 2 and 3 who were on three different types of basal insulin (Glargine U-100, Levemir, and Insulatard), fasted in Ramadan 2022. All variables were listed as median (IQR). Hypoglycaemia events and glycemic variability obtained from Freestyle Libre continuous glucose monitoring were compared between insulin groups. Changes in glycated haemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, renal profile, body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference pre and post-Ramadan were evaluated.
RESULTS: The glycaemic variability was found highest in Insulatard with a median (IQR) of 37.2(33)% versus Levemir 34.4(32.4)% versus Glargine U-100 36.8(30.6)%, p = NS. Levemir had reported the lowest median time of below range of 2.5(13)% followed by Glargine 4(25)% and Insulatard 5(8)%; p = NS. The findings of this study indicated that glycated haemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, renal profile, body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference did not alter statistically between the three groups post-Ramadan. Individually, Insulatard showed a significant reduction in weight and waist circumference (0.9kg, p = 0.026; 0.44 cm, p = 0.008) while Levemir showed a reduction in waist circumference (0.75cm, p = 0.019).
CONCLUSION: This study revealed that Insulatard, Levemir, and Glargine demonstrated similar levels of safety and efficacy among those with diabetic kidney disease who observed fasting during Ramadan.