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  1. Benzothiazole Derived Ether Hybrids as Potent Anti-Thymidine Phosphorylase Agents: Synthesis, In Vitro, and Computational Investigations
    Usman M, Alam A, Zainab, Khan M, Tüzün B, Ayaz M, et al.
    Chem Biodivers, 2025 Feb 13.
    PMID: 39946148 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202403385
    This work is based on the synthesis of new ether derivatives bearing benzothiazole (BTA) scaffold through multistep reaction process. Initially, BTA was prepared by refluxing 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with aminothiophenol having sodium metabisulfite in dimethylformamide (DMF); subsequently, the product was further refluxed with different substituted benzyl and alkyl bromides in acetone to get ether hybrids of BTA in good yields. Structurally, these compounds were confirmed by means of 1H, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry and evaluated for in vitro thymidine phosphorylase (TP) inhibitory activity. In the series, seven compounds attributed excellent inhibition against TP enzyme better than the standard. Similarly, three compounds showed good activity, whereas two compounds were found inactive. Moreover, all these compounds showed no toxicity to normal human fibroblast cell line (BJ cell line). In addition, Gaussian calculations were performed on the 6-31++g(d,p) basis set to examine the 13 synthesized compounds at the B3LYP, HF, and M062X levels. Additionally, molecular docking calculations were performed on TP enzyme proteins (PDB IDs: 4EAD, 2WK6, and 4LHM), and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion/toxicity (ADME/T) calculations were performed to investigate the effects and responses of these compounds in human metabolism.
  2. Skin-penetrating peptides (SKPs): Enhancing skin permeation for transdermal delivery of pharmaceuticals and cosmetic compounds
    Muhammad AM, Ismail A, Chong PP, Yap WH, Muhamad A, Alitheen NB, et al.
    Int J Pharm, 2025 Feb 11;672:125339.
    PMID: 39947363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125339
    Skin-penetrating peptides (SKPs) are emerging as a promising class of permeation enhancers that can facilitate macromolecule delivery across the skin. Although their pharmaceutical applications are under extensive study, SKPs are crucial for enhancing skin permeability, enabling larger molecules to penetrate the stratum corneum. This review explores the transformative role of SKPs in non-invasive transdermal drug delivery. Drawing from an extensive collection of literature, it provides insights into the current usage and application of SKPs as tools to enhance skin permeability and facilitate the delivery of larger molecules. Additionally, it highlights the opportunities, challenges, and future directions for SKP applications in transdermal drug delivery.
  3. Fulltext Recurrent Cardiac Tamponade as a Complication of Prolonged Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing
    Kamarulzaman N, Wan Abdullah WNA, Othman MK, Isa WYHW, Yusof Z, Mohamad Jamali AA, et al.
    Eur J Case Rep Intern Med, 2025;12(2):005144.
    PMID: 39926563 DOI: 10.12890/2025_005144
    Post-cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS) is one of the complications of cardiac interventional procedures. This condition has been postulated to be due to an immune reaction, especially with pacemaker lead implantation. Patients with PCIS can have uncomplicated pericardial effusion until they develop cardiac tamponade. The management of PCIS, which can be conservative management or require pericardiocentesis or surgery depends on the patient's clinical symptoms. As the left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) implantation technique and technology are still new, it is associated with longer procedural time than conventional pacemaker implantation. Herein, we report a case of PCIS in a patient who had a prolonged LBBAP procedure due to difficult anatomy and presented with recurrent cardiac tamponade.

    LEARNING POINTS: Prolonged fluoroscopy in cardiac procedures can potentially lead to post-cardiac injury syndrome.Active pacemaker lead fixation is one of the risk factors for post-cardiac injury syndrome due to immune reaction.Left bundle branch area pacing in adults with congenital heart disease is challenging because of anatomical differences.

  4. Fulltext Nature's Secret Neuro-Regeneration Pathway in Axolotls, Polychaetes and Planarians for Human Therapeutic Target Pathways
    Mansor NI, Balqis TN, Lani MN, Lye KL, Nor Muhammad NA, Ismail WIW, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2024 Nov 06;25(22).
    PMID: 39595973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252211904
    Despite significant improvements in the comprehension of neuro-regeneration, restoring nerve injury in humans continues to pose a substantial therapeutic difficulty. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the nerve regeneration process after injury relies on Schwann cells. These cells play a crucial role in regulating and releasing different extracellular matrix proteins, including laminin and fibronectin, which are essential for facilitating nerve regeneration. However, during regeneration, the nerve is required to regenerate for a long distance and, subsequently, loses its capacity to facilitate regeneration during this progression. Meanwhile, it has been noted that nerve regeneration has limited capabilities in the central nervous system (CNS) compared to in the PNS. The CNS contains factors that impede the regeneration of axons following injury to the axons. The presence of glial scar formation results from this unfavourable condition, where glial cells accumulate at the injury site, generating a physical and chemical barrier that hinders the regeneration of neurons. In contrast to humans, several species, such as axolotls, polychaetes, and planarians, possess the ability to regenerate their neural systems following amputation. This ability is based on the vast amount of pluripotent stem cells that have the remarkable capacity to differentiate and develop into any cell within their body. Although humans also possess these cells, their numbers are extremely limited. Examining the molecular pathways exhibited by these organisms has the potential to offer a foundational understanding of the human regeneration process. This review provides a concise overview of the molecular pathways involved in axolotl, polychaete, and planarian neuro-regeneration. It has the potential to offer a new perspective on therapeutic approaches for neuro-regeneration in humans.
  5. Fulltext A Scoping Review on Hepatoprotective Mechanism of Herbal Preparations through Gut Microbiota Modulation
    Poo CL, Lau MS, Nasir NLM, Nik Zainuddin NAS, Rahman MRAA, Mustapha Kamal SK, et al.
    Curr Issues Mol Biol, 2024 Oct 16;46(10):11460-11502.
    PMID: 39451562 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46100682
    Liver diseases cause millions of deaths globally. Current treatments are often limited in effectiveness and availability, driving the search for alternatives. Herbal preparations offer potential hepatoprotective properties. Disrupted gut microbiota is linked to liver disorders. This scoping review aims to explore the effects of herbal preparations on hepatoprotective mechanisms, particularly in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatic steatosis, with a focus on gut microbiota modulation. A systematic search was performed using predetermined keywords in four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science). A total of 55 studies were included for descriptive analysis, covering study characteristics such as disease model, dietary model, animal model, intervention details, comparators, and study outcomes. The findings of this review suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of herbal preparations are closely related to their interactions with the gut microbiota. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of herbal preparations are shown through their effects on the gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier, and microbial metabolites, which resulted in decreased serum levels of liver enzymes and lipids, improved liver pathology, inhibition of hepatic fatty acid accumulation, suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress, reduced insulin resistance, and altered bile acid metabolism.
  6. Fulltext Machine Learning and Spatio Temporal Analysis for Assessing Ecological Impacts of the Billion Tree Afforestation Project
    Mehmood K, Anees SA, Muhammad S, Shahzad F, Liu Q, Khan WR, et al.
    Ecol Evol, 2025 Feb;15(2):e70736.
    PMID: 39975709 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70736
    This study evaluates the Billion Tree Afforestation Project (BTAP) in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province using remote sensing and machine learning. Applying Random Forest (RF) classification to Sentinel-2 imagery, we observed an increase in tree cover from 25.02% in 2015 to 29.99% in 2023 and a decrease in barren land from 20.64% to 16.81%, with an accuracy above 85%. Hotspot and spatial clustering analyses revealed significant vegetation recovery, with high-confidence hotspots rising from 36.76% to 42.56%. A predictive model for the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), supported by SHAP analysis, identified soil moisture and precipitation as primary drivers of vegetation growth, with the ANN model achieving an R 2 of 0.8556 and an RMSE of 0.0607 on the testing dataset. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating machine learning with remote sensing as a framework to support data-driven afforestation efforts and inform sustainable environmental management practices.
  7. Fulltext Investigation of biometabolites and novel antimicrobial peptides derived from promising source Cordyceps militaris and effect of non-small cell lung cancer genes computationally
    Afzal M, Abusalah MAHA, Shehzadi N, Absar M, Ahmed N, Khan S, et al.
    PLoS One, 2025;20(1):e0310103.
    PMID: 39847593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310103
    Mushrooms are considered one of the safe and effective medications because they have great economic importance due to countless biological properties. Cordyceps militaris contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-cancerous properties. This study was projected to analyze the potentials of biometabolites and to extract antimicrobial peptides and protein from the C. militaris. An in-vitro analysis of biometabolites and antimicrobial peptides was performed to investigate their pharmacological potentials followed by quantification and characterization of extracted protein. Computational analysis on non-small cell lung cancer genes (NSCLC) was performed on quantified compounds to interpret the biometabolites from C. militaris that could be potential drug candidate molecules with high specificity and potency. A total of 34 compounds representing 100% of total detected constituents identified were identified using GCMS analysis and 20 compounds using LC-MS which showed strong biological activities. FT-IR spectroscopy manifest powerful instant peaks to have different bioactive components including carboxylic acid, phenols, amines and alkanes present in methanolic extract of C. militaris. In C. militaris, higher protein concentration was observed in 70% concentration of protein extract (500 μg/ml ± 0.025). The best antioxidant activity (% Radical scavenging activity) of methanolic extracts was 80a ± 0.03, antidiabetic activity was 37 ± 0.057 and anti-inflammatory activity was 40 ± 0.021 at 12 mg/ml. Antibacterial activity for different concentrations of Cordyceps protein and methanolic extracts was significantly (p < 0.05). Indolizine, 2-(4-methylphenyl) has most binding affinity (micromolar) and optimized properties to be selected as the lead inhibitor. It interacts favorably with the active site of RET gene of NSCLC and is neuroprotective and hepatoprotective.
  8. Fulltext Revolutionizing colorectal cancer detection: A breakthrough in microbiome data analysis
    Mulenga M, Rajamanikam A, Kumar S, Muhammad SB, Bhassu S, Samudid C, et al.
    PLoS One, 2025;20(1):e0316493.
    PMID: 39879257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316493
    The emergence of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology has catalyzed a paradigm shift in clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine, enabling unprecedented access to high-throughput microbiome data. However, the inherent high dimensionality, noise, and variability of microbiome data present substantial obstacles to conventional statistical methods and machine learning techniques. Even the promising deep learning (DL) methods are not immune to these challenges. This paper introduces a novel feature engineering method that circumvents these limitations by amalgamating two feature sets derived from input data to generate a new dataset, which is then subjected to feature selection. This innovative approach markedly enhances the Area Under the Curve (AUC) performance of the Deep Neural Network (DNN) algorithm in colorectal cancer (CRC) detection using gut microbiome data, elevating it from 0.800 to 0.923. The proposed method constitutes a significant advancement in the field, providing a robust solution to the intricacies of microbiome data analysis and amplifying the potential of DL methods in disease detection.
  9. Structure-Guided Engineering of Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase for Enhanced Catalytic Efficiency and Thermostability
    Al-Adeeb A, Muhammad Aqeel S, Al-Jaberi HS, Gu Q, Al-Ansi W, Al-Maqtari QA, et al.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2026 Oct 28;74(42):33165-33183.
    PMID: 42949349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6c10478
    Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes superoxide radical dismutation. Here, an integrated computational-assisted, structure-guided engineering strategy was applied to improve Cu/Zn-SOD catalytic performance. Gln22 and Glu134 were identified as promising engineering sites, and saturation mutagenesis yielded Q22I and E134 M as the most beneficial single substitutions, with specific activities 1.55- and 2.39-fold higher than wild type (WT), respectively. Combining both substitutions generated M2 (Q22I/E134M), which showed the highest specific activity of 7121.0 U mg-1, corresponding to a 3.43-fold increase over WT. The optimal temperature of Q22I and M2 increased from 40 to 50 °C, and M2 also exhibited enhanced thermostability. Kinetic analysis showed that M2 had a 41.18% lower Km and a 2.95-fold higher Vmax than WT. Molecular docking suggested complementary effects of Q22I and E134 M on structural stability and active-site optimization, supporting improved catalytic performance. These findings provide a basis for engineering efficient, thermostable SODs.
  10. Functional profiling of synthetic camel milk-derived peptides with implication in glucose transport and diabetes
    Anwar I, Khan FB, Baby B, Antony P, Mudgil P, Gan CY, et al.
    PLoS One, 2025;20(3):e0320812.
    PMID: 40153398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320812
    We previously identified protein hydrolysates from camel milk (CM) targeting dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and insulin receptor (IR) activity. In this study, we synthesized nine peptides (P1 to P9) derived from such CM hydrolysates and profiled their potential bioactivity in vitro and in silico. This aims to validate and determine if such synthetic and pure CM-derived peptides are bioactive on IR function and glucose uptake using pharmacological and functional approaches in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and human hepato-carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Our bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) results showed a partial activity of most peptides on IR activity in HEK293 cells ranging from 13 ± 1% to 65 ± 4%, and their potency varies from 3.13 ± 1.72 μg/ml to 12.30 ± 5.66 μg/ml. Combining the saturating dose (0.1 mg/ml) of peptides with insulin (1 μM) revealed three different profiles: non-efficient, potentiating, and antagonistic peptides. The potentiating effect of the peptides was from 104 ± 18% to 147 ± 11%, with one peptide (P2) reducing insulin's response to 52 ± 8%. Moreover, the peptides slightly promoted IR and AKT phosphorylation and glucose uptake in HepG2 cells with an efficacy of 56 ± 9% to 150 ± 18% on glucose transport. Our molecular docking study on the insulin-bound IR complex identified a potential allosteric binding site for specific bioactive peptides. Overall, our data confirmed the bioactivity of the synthetic CM-derived peptides on IR, AKT, and glucose uptake, consistent with the previous study on CM hydrolysates. The synthesis of the peptides and their validation provide further molecular insights into the antidiabetic action of CM. The study should pave the way for further in vitro and in vivo characterization of the peptides and developing potent and safe antidiabetic drugs based on the different CM-derived peptides described here.
  11. Fulltext Time-restricted feeding reduced blood pressure and improved cardiac structure and function by regulating both circulating and local renin-angiotensin systems in spontaneously hypertensive rat model
    Yi X, Abas R, Raja Muhammad Rooshdi RAW, Yan J, Liu C, Yang C, et al.
    PLoS One, 2025;20(4):e0321078.
    PMID: 40179126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321078
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether time-restricted feeding (TRF) can reduce blood pressure (BP) and improve cardiac structure and function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) by regulating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).

    METHODS: Wistar Kyoto rats and SHR underwent 16 weeks of TRF intervention, with daily feeding restricted to 9 am-5 pm. The effects of TRF on systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean BP, body weight (BW), heart weight (HW), HW/BW ratio, cardiac structure and function, and RAS activity in the circulating and left ventricular (LV) tissues were investigated.

    RESULTS: TRF effectively reduced systolic BP, mean BP, diastolic BP, and BW; improved hypertension-induced cardiac structural and functional damage; and inhibited the ACE-Ang-II-AT1 axis in circulating and LV tissues.

    CONCLUSION: TRF effectively inhibits RAS activity in both circulating and LV tissues, thereby lowering BP and mitigating structural and functional cardiac damage associated with hypertension.

  12. Peatland fires in Peninsular Malaysia act as primary source of dioxins, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl, and particulate matter
    Mohd Samin AS, Azmi NBH, Latif MT, Leong YH, Tengku Muhammad TS, Sheng W, et al.
    Environ Monit Assess, 2025 Jun 30;197(7):825.
    PMID: 40587035 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-025-14248-3
    The emissions of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons released in the air from peatland fires pose significant environmental health hazards. The contribution of peatland fires to environmental pollution is increasing continually in Malaysia. The composition of the smoke emerging from such fires plays a pivotal role in elucidating health risks. Therefore, the polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbon congeners must be assessed in the released smoke. The present study focused on two peatland forests in Peninsular Malaysia, comprising the active burning sites: Kuala Langat in Selangor and Pekan in Pahang. The smoke samples from the burning and burning-suppressed sites were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) particle number concentration (PNC) and particulate mass (PM) concentration. In the current study, we found hazardous levels of PCDD/Fs/dl-PCBs TEQ as high as 80.74 fg/m3 during the burning and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF (as high as 23.38 pg) and PCB-126 (as high as 34.41 pg) as the predominant congeners in the smoke, respectively. The smoke analysis of peatland fires revealed a significantly higher concentration of PNC and PM mass compared to a non-fire day. The analysis of the hourly PM ratios revealed fine particles as the dominant component in the ambient air during the peatland fires and non-fire days, indicating a strong association between PM mass and PNC. Thus, the present study establishes that peatland fires pose a significant health hazard, emphasizing the need for site-specific profiling of smoke constituents for effective management of health hazards.
  13. Antifungal activity of gold nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation with blue diode laser photodynamic activation against Candida albicans
    Zaidan AH, Astuti SD, Arifianto D, Ramadhaani NA, Winarno W, Yaqubi AK, et al.
    Lasers Med Sci, 2026 Jan 16;41(1):9.
    PMID: 41540126 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-025-04772-6
    Infections caused by Candida albicans pose a serious challenge in healthcare, particularly due to increasing resistance to conventional antifungal agents. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which combines light, photosensitizers, and oxygen, offers a promising alternative solution. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effectiveness of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized via laser ablation, as well as the effect of photodynamic activation using a blue diode laser (403 nm) on the growth of C. albicans. Samples were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) Candida albicans treated with three concentrations of AuNPs (100, 150, and 200 ppm), (3) Candida albicans irradiated with a 403 nm blue diode laser at four exposure times (90, 120, 150, and 180 s), and (4) Candida albicans treated with AuNPs combined with laser irradiation. Antifungal activity was assessed using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method, with results expressed in CFU/mL. Data were analyzed using a two-way factorial ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (p 
  14. Evaluation of tumour cells damage following radiotherapy by TC-99M pertechnetate
    Muhammad Afiq Khairil Anuar, Siti Zanariah Ab Aziz, Raizulnasuha Abdul Rashid, Safri Zainal Abidin, Norhayati Dollah, Wan Nordiana A. Abd Rahman
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2015;12(2):28-37.
    MyJurnal
    Radiotherapy has become the most important modality in treating cancer with approximately 50% of
    cancer patient undergo the treatment. However, more improvement to the radiotherapy treatment
    efficacy is required to deprive cancer. Assessment of tumor progress during treatment is important, to
    accommodate the changes that occur during the fractionation course. The objective of this study is to
    assess tumor cell damage after external beam radiotherapy by using technetium-99m
    pertechnetate (99mTcOf) as a tracer. In this study, HeLa cells were irradiated with 6 MVphoton beam
    with different radiation dose ranging from 0.5 Gy to 10 Gy. The irradiated cells were recultured in 6-
    well plates and incubated for 10 days. After that, 2 mCi of 99mTcOf were prescribed to each cell
    colonies. The viable cells were separated from the rest, and measured for 99mTcOf uptake using singlehead
    gamma camera with LEHR collimation. As results, the cells survival, fractions clearly indicate
    diminishing effect, to the cells at, higher dose of irradiation. Good correlation were observed between
    mmTcGi uptake and survival, fraction for cells irradiated at, lower dose and less significant, correlation
    were indicated at higher dose. In conclusion, there is potential for the efficacy of external beam
    radiotherapy in treating cancer to be assessed by using radioisotope as a non-invasive tracer. In this
    case, technetium-99m, pertechnetate (99mTcOjt) could be attached to the specific antibody so that, better
    correlation, between, the cells uptake and possible cell damages could be observed.
  15. Fulltext The Crux of the Medicine Prices' Controversy in Pakistan
    Lee KS, Shahidullah A, Zaidi STR, Patel RP, Ming LC, Tariq MH, et al.
    Front Pharmacol, 2017;8:504.
    PMID: 28824429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00504
  16. Biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS) of 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl aryl ether derivatives, in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity and in silico studies
    Taha M, Imran S, Ismail NH, Selvaraj M, Rahim F, Chigurupati S, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2017 10;74:1-9.
    PMID: 28719801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.07.001
    A new library of 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl aryl ether derivatives (1-23) were synthesized and characterized by EI-MS and 1H NMR, and screened for their α-amylase inhibitory activity. Out of twenty-three derivatives, two molecules 19 (IC50=0.38±0.82µM) and 23 (IC50=1.66±0.14µM), showed excellent activity whereas the remaining compounds, except 10 and 17, showed good to moderate inhibition in the range of IC50=1.77-2.98µM when compared with the standard acarbose (IC50=1.66±0.1µM). A plausible structure-activity relationship has also been presented. In addition, in silico studies was carried out in order to rationalize the binding interaction of compounds with the active site of enzyme.
  17. Fulltext Curcumin Analog DK1 Induces Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cells In Vitro through Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathway
    Aziz MNM, Hussin Y, Che Rahim NF, Nordin N, Mohamad NE, Yeap SK, et al.
    Molecules, 2018 Jan 05;23(1).
    PMID: 29303982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010075
    Osteosarcoma is one of the primary malignant bone tumors that confer low survival rates for patients even with intensive regime treatments. Therefore, discovery of novel anti-osteosarcoma drugs derived from natural products that are not harmful to the normal cells remains crucial. Curcumin is one of the natural substances that have been extensively studied due to its anti-cancer properties and is pharmacologically safe considering its ubiquitous consumption for centuries. However, curcumin suffers from a poor circulating bioavailability, which has led to the development of a chemically synthesized curcuminoid analog, namely (Z)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (DK1). In this study, the cytotoxic effects of the curcumin analog DK1 was investigated in both U-2OS and MG-63 osteosarcoma cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cell death was microscopically examined via acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) double staining. Flow cytometer analysis including Annexin V/Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), cell cycle analysis and JC-1 were adapted to determine the mode of cell death. Subsequently in order to determine the mechanism of cell death, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and proteome profiling was carried out to measure the expression of several apoptotic-related genes and proteins. Results indicated that DK1 induced U-2 OS and MG-63 morphological changes and substantially reduced cell numbers through induction of apoptosis. Several apoptotic genes and proteins were steadily expressed after treatment with DK1; including caspase 3, caspase 9, and BAX, which indicated that apoptosis occurred through a mitochondria-dependent signaling pathway. In conclusion, DK1 could be considered as a potential candidate for an anti-osteosarcoma drug in the near future, contingent upon its ability to induce apoptosis in osteosarcoma cell lines.
  18. Fulltext Control rod safety management in nuclear power plant : a review
    Muhammad Adil Khattak, Filzah Hazirah Jaffar, Najaa Fadhilah Mohd Nasir, Nurfarhah Ridzuan, Nurlaila Syamsul Bahri, Wan Nur Iffah Haziqah Md Zamri
    Journal of Advanced Review on Scientific Research, 2017;32(1):14-27.
    MyJurnal
    The primary objective of control rod management is to ensure the safe, reliable and
    optimum use of the nuclear fuel in the reactor, while remain within the limits imposed
    by the design of the fuel assembly and reactor w.r.t the safety analysis. In numerous
    reactors, the control rods perform the function of reactivity control, both globally and
    locally, latter also control the power distribution of the core. Most control rods are
    completely withdrawn from the core during operations and fully inserted during
    shutdown of the reactor. This are the prove of an investigative study into optimization
    of the heterogeneous control rods, the safety management of an additional safety rod,
    and control rod drop hydrodynamic analysis which will be able to provide an efficient
    and maximum safety procedure for emergency shut down system in the reactor. It is
    also will be very important safety features of the reactor. To design the additional
    safety rod at the inner irradiation sites with boron carbide (absorber material) and
    stainless steel (clad) and also to design a simple heterogeneous control rod design to
    analyse the effects of geometry self-shielding, the Monte Carlo Neutron Particle Code,
    version 5 (MCNP5) was used. By simulating the unsteady flow field around the control
    rod, the hydrodynamic analysis of the control rod can be analysed. A correlation based
    on the achieved data was proposed to provide useful information on the safety
    management during the research.
  19. Fulltext A study on the formation of PVA/Kenaf nanofibres via electrospinning
    Nor Dalila Nor Affandi, Mohd Rozi Ahmad, Sabiha Hanim Saleh, Muhammad Fairuz Remeli, Nur Hayati Humairah Nur Ikhwan Teo, Nurul Farihin Amran
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(104):85-92.
    MyJurnal
    This paper reports a study of the formation of cellulose nanofibres from kenaf waste using chemical
    extraction method. The extracted holocellulose was then prepared for acid hydrolysis to form the
    cellulose. Before mixing it with polyvinyl chloride (PVA) solution and extruded using electrospinning
    under different parameters to produce PVA/kenaf nanofibres. Results showed that the morphological
    structures of PVA/kenaf nanofibres varied at different voltages. An increase in voltage from 10 kV to 20
    kV produced more beads along the fibre length. In addition, the applied voltages were found to affect the
    resultant fibre diameter of the PVA/kenaf nanofibres. The results also showed that the electrospinning
    parameters affect the shapes of the PVA/kenaf nanofibre membranes. Based on the experimental works,
    the optimal applied voltage was found to be at 15 kV, where the resultant fibre diameter and membrane
    coverage area were approximately 43.9 ± 3.1 nm and 214.2 ± 15.8 cm2
    , respectively.
  20. Fulltext Facile synthesis of N- (4-bromophenyl)-1- (3-bromothiophen-2-yl)methanimine derivatives via Suzuki cross-coupling reaction: their characterization and DFT studies
    Rizwan K, Rasool N, Rehman R, Mahmood T, Ayub K, Rasheed T, et al.
    Chem Cent J, 2018 Jul 17;12(1):84.
    PMID: 30019193 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0451-0
    A variety of imine derivatives have been synthesized via Suzuki cross coupling of N-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(3-bromothiophen-2-yl)methanimine with various arylboronic acids in moderate to good yields (58-72%). A wide range of electron donating and withdrawing functional groups were well tolerated in reaction conditions. To explore the structural properties, Density functional theory (DFT) investigations on all synthesized molecules (3a-3i) were performed. Conceptual DFT reactivity descriptors and molecular electrostatic potential analyses were performed by using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method to explore the reactivity and reacting sites of all derivatives (3a-3i).
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