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Fulltext Personal and psychosocial risk factor for low back pain among automotive manual handling workers in Selangor, Malaysia

Noor Sazarina Mad Isa @ Yahya, Baba Md Deros, Ahmad Rasdan Ismail, Mazrura Sahani

Int J Public Health Res, 2014;4(1):412-418.
MyJurnal

Introduction It is well known that low back pain among working population is a global
problem throughout the world. However, the current situation of occupational
low back pain in Malaysia is still vague due to limited number of studies
conducted locally.

Objective A cross sectional study was conducted among three automotive industry
workers in Selangor, Malaysia from October 2010 to April 2011.
Methods This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain
among automotive industry workers performing manual material handling
tasks using self-administered questionnaire survey.

Results A modified Standardised Nordic Questionnaire was used to assess low back
pain problem, to obtain personal and psychosocial risk factors information.
The prevalence of low back pain showed increment in the point prevalence of
57.9%, 49.5%, and 35.1 % for 12 months, one month, and of 7 days
respectively. Working hour, frequency of overtime, stress at work, work
pace, and faster movement were found to be significantly associated with the
12 months prevalence for low back pain.

Conclusions This finding indicates that psychosocial risk factors are associated to the
occurrence of low back pain.
Fulltext Sleep duration pattern among workers in a tertiary institution

Azmawati Mohammed Nawi, Jonathan Lamit, Nor Farahana Razali, Ong, Li Chin, Naim Syahidah Zulkafli, Norfazilah Ahmad

Int J Public Health Res, 2014;4(2):494-500.
MyJurnal

Introduction Sleep has played a very important role in maintaining our health with good
living quality therefore the aim of this study is to determine the pattern of
sleep duration, especially short sleep and its associated factors among
workers in a tertiary institution.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January until May 2012 among
128 randomly selected Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
(UKMMC) staffs. Data was collected using a guided standardized data sheet
which consist of three sections; (1):sociodemographic &socioeconomic, (2):
lifestyle and, (3): anthropometric measurement and sleep diary. Data entry
and analysis were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)
version 20.0.
Results Majority of the staffs had normal sleep duration (67.2%) followed by short
sleep duration (26.6%) and long sleep duration (6.3%). Simple logistic
regression analysis indicated that late night snacking was significantly related
to short sleep (cOR=3.47, 95% CI: 1.12, 12.23, p=0.048).
Conclusions Adequate sleep is important to maintain one’s health. Steps can be taken to
limit late night snacking in order to improve the sleep pattern in this study
population.
Fulltext A rare case of Tuberculous Prostatitis

Nurul Yaqeen Esa, Mohammad Hanafiah, Marymol Koshy, Hilmi Abdullah, Ahmad Izuanuddin Ismail, Mohamed Fauzi Abdul Rani

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2016;1(2):33-36.
MyJurnal

Tuberculous prostatitis is an uncommon form of tuberculosis infection. It is commonly seen in immunocompromised patients and in those of middle or advanced age. The diagnosis is often not straight forward due to the nature of its presentation. We report a case of tuberculous prostatitis in a young, healthy and immunocompetent patient, who initially presented with respiratory features, followed by episodes of seizures and testicular swelling. He was finally diagnosed with tuberculous prostatitis after prostatic biopsy. This case illustrates that in a high TB prevalence environment, when symptoms warrant, there should be a high clinical suspicion coupled with a thorough approach in order to arrive at a correct diagnosis of TB prostatitis.
Fulltext Substituent effect on catalytic activity of palladium(ii) schiff base complexes for sonogashira reaction

Hadariah Bahron, Shahrul Nizam Ahmad, Amalina Mohd Tajuddin, Syed Illah Al-Yahya Syed Abdul Kadir

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(104):115-124.
MyJurnal

Chemical industries are greatly assisted by catalysts; and commonly used catalysts for C-C formation
reactions are mainly phosphine-based complexes which are air and moisture sensitive. New air stable
Schiff base Pd(II) complexes have been synthesised, characterised and screened for their catalytic potential.
This paper reports three ONNO Schiff bases, namely, L2C [2,2’-((1E,1’E)-((2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-
diyl) bis (azanylylidene)) bis (methanylylidene)-) bis (4-chlorophenol)], L2M [2,2’-((1E,1’E)-((2,2-
dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis(azanylyli-dene)) bis (methanylylidene)) bis (4-methylphenol)] and L2H
[2,2’-((1E,1’E) - ((2,2-dimethyl-propane-1,3-diyl) bis (azanylylidene)) bis (methanylylidene)) diphenol].
These were synthesised from 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine and salicylaldehyde derivatives with Cl,
CH3 and H at the meta position, respectively. The compounds were reacted with palladium(II) acetate
yielding three palladium(II) complexes denoted as PdL2C, PdL2M and PdL2H. The structures of all
compounds were elucidated through elemental analysis, 1
H and 13C NMR, FTIR and melting point. The
complexes were screened for catalytic activities in Sonogashira coupling reaction between iodobenzene
and phenylacetylene in DMSO. PdL2H was found to be the most active catalyst with 87% iodobenzene
conversion after 12 hours of reaction.
Fulltext Consumers’ demand and willingness to pay for rice attributes in Malaysia

Ahmad Hanis, I.A.H., Jinap, S, Mad Nasir, S., Alias, R., Muhammad Shahrim, A.K.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(1):363-369.
MyJurnal

The growth of the Malaysian’s per capita income has generally empowered consumers to have more choices for food, more purchasing power, health consciousness and demand for more nutritional values of their food intake. Motivated by the changes in Malaysian consumer’s food choice, a conjoint analysis was performed to investigate Malaysian consumers’ demand for rice attributes and how much consumers are willing to pay for the demanded attribute. A conjoint analysis is a method used in identifying and understanding the combined effects of product attributes on preferences for a product or service. In conjoint analysis, utility is the conceptual basis for assessing the value of a product or service, where individuals make decisions between bundles of products based on their budget constraints. The findings suggested that the most important attribute for rice was food safety, followed by taste and size of grain. Consumers were also willing to pay premium prices for the demanded attributes. The findings would have positive implications for the agrifood industry if it responds effectively to translate into business opportunities to these changes.
Fulltext Planar sensors array for water contaminants detections

Aizat Azmi, Sallehuddin Ibrahim, Ahmad Amsyar Azman, Mohd Amri Md Yunus

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(101):267-274.
MyJurnal

Planar electromagnetic sensors are widely used in many applications due to its low cost, simple
architecture, and fast response. Currently, there are many types of membranes which have been introduced
to remove contaminants from an aqueous solution. Hence, the water quality could be maintained and
safe to consume. The objective of this paper is to apply and investigate the effectiveness of a selective
membrane in detecting nitrate, phosphate, zinc, and nickel ions by means of planar electromagnetic
sensors array (PESA). The samples have four different concentration levels, 5 ppm, 25 ppm, 75 ppm,
and 100 ppm. The selective membrane’s performance is evaluated based on absolute average sensitivity
(|Z%|). This performance is compared with conventional coating such as incralac. The developed
membrane consists of two elements which are polymer and solvent. Modified silica is selected as a
polymer material while N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3 Aminipropyltrimethoxysilane is selected as a solvent. The
selection of these materials is based on their ability to attract the contaminants in the aqueous solution
and hence increased the selectivity. The proposed sensor with a membrane shows its higher sensitivity
compared to incralac. The highest sensitivity is 338 % which observed in the presence of membrane
for the nickel detection. Meanwhile, the lowest sensitivity using membrane is 12 % for zinc detection.
Fulltext Different germanium dopant concentration and the thermoluminescence characteristics of flat Ge-doped optical fibres

Muhammad Safwan Ahmad Fadzil, Noramaliza Mohd Noor, Ung, Ngie Min, David Andrew Bradley

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(1):327-336.
MyJurnal

The influence of elevated germanium concentration on the thermoluminesence characteristics of a novel
form of fabricated flat optical fibre was examined. All the samples were irradiated with two nominal
photon energies (6 MV and 10 MV) and 1.25 MeV gamma energy. Flat fibres with 10 mol % Ge
concentration provided the superior TL yield compared against that of 6 and 8 mol % Ge-doped optical
fibres for both 6 MV and 10 MV energy. Interpretation of the results has been aided by study of the glow
curves, revealing in particular new generation of defects in the flat fibres due to strain-generation at the
collapsed surfaces. The strain represent deep-energy defects.
Fulltext High-frequency ultrasound imaging in wound assessment: current perspectives

Hamidreza Mohafez, Siti Anom Ahmad, Mohammad Hamiruce Marhaban, Maryam Hadizadeh, Mohammad Iqbal Saripan

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(4):1039-1050.
MyJurnal

Non-invasive imaging modalities for wound assessment have become increasingly popular over the past
two decades. The wounds can be developed superficially or from within deep tissues, depending on the
nature of the dominant risk factors. Developing a reproducible quantitative method to assess woundhealing
status has demonstrated to be a convoluted task. Advances in High-Frequency Ultrasound (HFU)
skin scanners have expanded their application as they are cost-effective and reproducible diagnostic tools
in dermatology, including for the measurement of skin thickness, the assessment of skin tumours, the
estimation of the volume of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, the visualisation of skin structure
and the monitoring of the healing of acute and chronic wounds. Previous studies have revealed that HFU
images carry dominant parameters and depict the phenomena occurring within deep tissue layers during
the wound-healing process. However, the investigations have mostly focussed on the validation of HFU
images, and few studies have utilised HFU imaging in quantitative assessment of wound generation and
healing. This paper is an introductory review of the
important studies proposed by the researchers in
the context of wound assessment. The principles
of dermasonography are briefly explained,
followed by a review of the relevant literature that
investigated the wound-healing process and tissue
structures within the wound using HFU imaging.
Fulltext Silver Nanoparticles in the Water Environment in Malaysia: Inspection, characterization, removal, modeling, and future perspective

Syafiuddin A, Salmiati S, Hadibarata T, Kueh ABH, Salim MR, Zaini MAA

Sci Rep, 2018 01 17;8(1):986.
PMID: 29343711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19375-1

The current status of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the water environment in Malaysia was examined and reported. For inspection, two rivers and two sewage treatment plants (STPs) were selected. Two activated carbons derived from oil palm (ACfOPS) and coconut (ACfCS) shells were proposed as the adsorbent to remove AgNPs. It was found that the concentrations of AgNPs in the rivers and STPs are in the ranges of 0.13 to 10.16 mg L-1 and 0.13 to 20.02 mg L-1, respectively, with the highest concentration measured in July. ACfOPS and ACfCS removed up to 99.6 and 99.9% of AgNPs, respectively, from the water. The interaction mechanism between AgNPs and the activated carbon surface employed in this work was mainly the electrostatic force interaction via binding Ag+ with O- presented in the activated carbon to form AgO. Fifteen kinetic models were compared statistically to describe the removal of AgNPs. It was found that the experimental adsorption data can be best described using the mixed 1,2-order model. Therefore, this model has the potential to be a candidate for a general model to describe AgNPs adsorption using numerous materials, its validation of which has been confirmed with other material data from previous works.
Fulltext The value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose –positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (18F- FDG PET/CT) in the staging and impact on the management of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Sethu Thakachy Subha, Fathinul Fikri Ahmad Saad, Abdul Jalil Nordin, Saraiza Abu Bakar

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(3):687-696.
MyJurnal

This study sought to prospectively evaluate the influence of contrasted fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDGPET/CT) in the staging of and impact on the management plan for treatment in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 14 histologically proven NPC patients (mean age: 44.64±4.01years) were included in the study. These patients underwent contrasted Computed Tomography (CT) as well as 18F-FDGPET/CT imaging. Staging was based on the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor Node Metastases (AJCCTNM) recommendations.The oncologist was asked to prospectively assign a treatment plan for all patients being evaluated by CT and 18F-FDGPET/CT. The treatment plans were compared with the incremental information supplied by the FDG-PET/CT. The maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) and the widest dimension of the primary tumour, cervical lymph nodes size and the distant metastatic lesions were quantified on the co-registered PET/CT images by two experienced nuclear radiologists. The contrasted 18F-FDGPET/CT changed the management intent in nine patients (64.7%). A univariate analysis showed that there were significant correlations between SUVmax and the size of the metastatic
lymph nodes (R2 =0.0761, p
Fulltext Cardiovascular endurance fitness performance among Kedah Rugby Agong Cup’s players based on 20-meter multistage shuttle run pacer test

Syed Ahmad Ezahar Syed Ambon, Mohd. Foazi Md Nor, Syed Idrus Syed Mudayah, Junaidy Mohamad Hashim

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2017;6(2):55-64.
MyJurnal

The study was conducted to determine the level of cardiovascular performance for Kedah team rugby players who will participate in the national Agong Cup's rugby championship. The test instrument used was the 20-meter multistage shuttle run pacer test. The total sample of the study was 40 (n = 40) consisted of players between the ages of 19 and 39. Assessment of cardiovascular endurance levels can be performed with measurements of VO2max (ml • kg-1 • min-1) as the most accurate score can be obtained to measure the fitness level of individual cardiovascular endurance. Therefore min VO2max (ml • kg-1 • min-1) obtained from the 20- meter multistage shuttle run pacer test shows that the VO2max (ml • kg-1 • min-1) level of the study sample is good and is at high level.
Fulltext Impact of different lifting height and load mass on muscle performance using periodogram

Shair, E. F., Ahmad, S. A., Marhaban, M. H., Abdullah, A. R., Mohd Tamrin, S. B.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(101):1-8.
MyJurnal

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by muscle fatigue have been a major problem for industry
which needs to be resolved to save costs related to human resource development (extra training and
compensation). Detailed fatigue monitoring researches aimed at finding the best fatigue indices is not
new although studies on the causes of fatigue can be explored further. Identification analysis is required
to monitor the factors that influence muscle performance characteristic of surface electromyography
(sEMG) signal. Periodogram monitoring technique applies a frequency domain signal and represents the
distribution of the signal power over the frequency. It is a technique that allows the tracing of small
changes in the behaviour of sEMG signal when external parameters are varied. This technique is used
in this paper to monitor the sEMG signal changes in muscle performance when the lifting height and
load mass are varied. The periodogram amplitude, which represents the power, increases with the rise in
lifting height and load mass. From the frequency representation of the periodogram, the root mean square
voltage (Vrms) is calculated where the muscle performance characteristic could be further identified. The
Vrms also shows a similar trend when the lifting height and load mass are varied proving the periodogram
technique is useful to monitor changes in the muscle performance during manual lifting.
Fulltext Modelling the effect of sediment coarseness on local scour at wide bridge piers

Nordila, Ahmad, Faisal, Ali, Thamer, Mohammad, Badronnisa, Yusuf, Melville, Bruce W.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(1):191-200.
MyJurnal

Experimental data from a physical model of scouring around a cylindrical wide pier embedded in two
types of uniform sediment beds are presented. The effects of sediment sizes and various pier widths on
scour development and equilibrium scour depth of wide bridge piers are described. Existing literature
suggest that the empirical scour prediction equations based on laboratory data over-predict scour depths
for large structures. The present study has attempted to fill this gap for a cylindrical wide pier. Further,
equations for the estimation of non-dimensional maximum scour depth for a wide cylindrical pier
embedded in uniform sediment were proposed as functions of the sediment coarseness.
Fulltext Ability of Ipomoea Aquatica Forssk. to remediate Phenol in water and effects of Phenol on the plant’s growth

Siew-Yi Lee, Siti Aqlima Ahmad, Siti Roslina Mustapha, Janna Ong-Abdullah

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(2):441-452.
MyJurnal

Despite wide applications in industries, phenol pollution leads to many health effects, and one of the technologies used to clean up phenol pollution is phytoremediation. The aim of this research was to assess the remediation ability of Ipomoea aquatica Forssk., which is easy to handle and and has a fast growth rate. Plantlet was grown in water spiked with 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 g/L phenol, followed by daily observation of the plantlets morphology and tracking of phenol concentration in the water and plantlet extracts via 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) assay. Plantlet’s roots in 0.10 g/L phenol (57.42 ± 1.41 mm) were significantly longer (p < 0.05) than those of the control plantlets (43.57 ± 3.87 mm) in contrast to other phenol concentrations which had stunted roots growth. I. aquatica Forssk. was able to survive with 0.30 g/L phenol despite exhibiting yellowing of leaves and increased sensitivity to scarring on the stems. The plantlets were able to completely remove the phenol from the water spiked with phenol at 0.05 g/L after 12 days of growth. However, the highest average rate of phenol removal was 0.021 g/L/day from water spiked with 0.30 g/L phenol. Phenol analysis on the plantlets’ extracts revealed that I. aquatica Forssk. had degraded the absorbed phenol. This observation is of significant interest as it highlights the
potential of I. aquatica Forssk. for use as a phytoremediator to clean up phenol contaminated water.
Fulltext Electromyography analysis during lifting tasks: a pilot study

Siti Anom, Ahmad, Nor Hafeezah, Kamarudin, Mohd Khair, Hassan, Rosnah, Mohd Yusoff, Siti Zawiah, Md Dawal

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(1):201-210.
MyJurnal

Manual Material Handling (MMH) involves lifting, bending, and twisting motions of the torso. Poor
lifting technique is often considered a major risk factor in low back injury associated with manual lifting
tasks. Currently, there is little work on the effects of lifting on the Malaysian population. The MMH
activities that was designed with the different lifting heights, frequency, weight of loads and the effect
on of biceps and triceps muscle contraction of the subjects during the lifting tasks were studied. The
parameters involved are weight of the loads lifted, height of the loads lifted and lifting frequency as the
independent variables. Whereas the dependent variable is Electromyography (EMG) signal. The weight
loads are varying from 10kg up to 24kg and the heights of the loads travels from the floor to 70cm
and 130cm heights. The frequency of lifting is set to 1 lift and 6 lifts per minute. 14 healthy male and
female subjects were recruited in this study. The questionnaires and consent form were used to identify
the health condition of the subjects before performing the lifting tasks. The EMG activity was recorded
and collected from biceps and triceps muscles using the Shimmer EMG system. This method is used
in determining the maximum acceptable weight limit (MAWL) that can be lifted by the subjects in the
lifting tasks. This research aims to design a lifting equation that suits for Malaysian people. Therefore,
the effects of different manual lifting tasks on Malaysian physiological limits need to be identified.
Fulltext Solitary parotid duct Sialolith in a patient with Sjörgren’s syndrome: report of a case

Wan Ahmad Kamil W.N., Hassan S., Rahman F.A., Burhanuddin N.A., Goh Y.C., Kadir K., et al.

Ann Dent, 2016;23(2):27-30.
MyJurnal

Sjörgren’s syndrome is an uncommon chronic autoimmune disorder that affects exocrine glands.
Sialolithiasis is an obstructive salivary gland disease which is also uncommon in the parotid salivary gland.
The existing literature has documented the occurrence of multiple calcifications within the parenchyma of
the parotid glands in patients with Sjörgren’s syndrome. This report describes the first case of right parotid
duct solitary sialolith formation in a 64 year old female patient with Sjörgren’s syndrome. Whether the
salivary stone encountered in this case represents an oral manifestation of Sjörgren’s syndrome or is just
a co-incidental finding was discussed.
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation in Malaysia: a case series

Mat Jin N, Ahmad SM, Mohd Faizal A, Abdul Karim AKB, Abu MA

Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2022 Dec 01;43(4):469-474.
PMID: 35545610 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0096

OBJECTIVES: We aim to discuss the hematological cancer cases that opted for ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) as fertility preservation before the gonadotoxic chemotherapy agent.
CASE PRESENTATION: The ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) was started in August 2020 in our center. Up to now, there were four cases have been performed and included in this report. The ovarian tissue cortex was cryopreserved with cryoprotectant using Kitazato™ (Tokyo, Japan) media and fit in the closed system devices. A total of four post-OTC patients were included. The mean age was 24 years old, whereas the mean serum AMH level was 30.43 pmol/L. Most of them were diagnosed with lymphoma, except one was leukemia. All of them received additional GnRH analog following OTC as a chemoprotective agent before cancer treatment. Currently, they are recovering well and on regular follow-up with the hematological department.
CONCLUSIONS: Although The OTC is an ultimate option for prepubertal girls, it can be proposed as a good strategy for adult cancer women who could not delay cancer therapy.
Hand characteristics and functional abilities in predicting return to work in adult workers with traumatic hand injury

Mohamad Sabri MQ, Judd J, Roslan NFA, Che Daud AZ

Work, 2022;73(4):1245-1253.
PMID: 36093653 DOI: 10.3233/WOR-205164

BACKGROUND: Hand injuries affect a person's functioning, thus impeding their abilities to return to work. There is a limited understanding in return to work of the overall predictors when including hand characteristics and functional abilities. Therefore, it is essential to identify the most relevant predictors in return to work among individuals with a hand injury.
OBJECTIVES: (1) To compare hand function characteristics and functional abilities of injured workers who have or have not returned to work. (2) To estimate hand function characteristics and functional abilities as predictors to return to work.
METHODS: One hundred and fifteen adult workers with hand injuries aged 18- 59 years old from five general hospitals in Malaysia participated in a cross-sectional study. Predictors were estimated using logistic regression.
RESULTS: There was a significant association between occupational sector (p = 0.012), injury duration (p = 0.024), occupational performance (p = 0.009) and satisfaction with performance (p
Fulltext Modelling the Effect of Vaccination Program and Inter-state Travel in the Spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia

Aziz MHN, Safaruddin ADA, Hamzah NA, Supadi SS, Yuhao Z, Aziz MA

Acta Biotheor, 2022 Nov 17;71(1):2.
PMID: 36394646 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-022-09453-3

A modified version of the SEIR model with the effects of vaccination and inter-state movement is proposed to simulate the spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia. A mathematical analysis of the proposed model was performed to derive the basic reproduction number. To enhance the model's forecasting capabilities, the model parameters were estimated using the Nelder-Mead simplex method by fitting the model outputs to the observed data. Our results showed a good fit between the model outputs and available data, where the model was then able to perform short-term predictions. In line with the rapid vaccination program, our model predicted that the COVID-19 cases in the country would decrease by the end of August. Furthermore, our findings indicated that relaxing travel restrictions from a highly vaccinated region to a low vaccinated region would result in an epidemic outbreak.
Fulltext Efficient Breast Cancer Diagnosis from Complex Mammographic Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Rahman H, Naik Bukht TF, Ahmad R, Almadhor A, Javed AR

Comput Intell Neurosci, 2023;2023:7717712.
PMID: 36909966 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7717712

Medical image analysis places a significant focus on breast cancer, which poses a significant threat to women's health and contributes to many fatalities. An early and precise diagnosis of breast cancer through digital mammograms can significantly improve the accuracy of disease detection. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems must analyze the medical imagery and perform detection, segmentation, and classification processes to assist radiologists with accurately detecting breast lesions. However, early-stage mammography cancer detection is certainly difficult. The deep convolutional neural network has demonstrated exceptional results and is considered a highly effective tool in the field. This study proposes a computational framework for diagnosing breast cancer using a ResNet-50 convolutional neural network to classify mammogram images. To train and classify the INbreast dataset into benign or malignant categories, the framework utilizes transfer learning from the pretrained ResNet-50 CNN on ImageNet. The results revealed that the proposed framework achieved an outstanding classification accuracy of 93%, surpassing other models trained on the same dataset. This novel approach facilitates early diagnosis and classification of malignant and benign breast cancer, potentially saving lives and resources. These outcomes highlight that deep convolutional neural network algorithms can be trained to achieve highly accurate results in various mammograms, along with the capacity to enhance medical tools by reducing the error rate in screening mammograms.

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