Displaying publications 321 - 340 of 2919 in total

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  1. Numerical simulation of effect of hybrid nanofluid on heat transfer and flow of the Newtonian pulsatile blood through 3D occluded artery: Silver and gold nanoparticles
    Koosha N, Mosavi V, Kheirollah J, Najafi N, Abdi N, Alizadeh A, et al.
    J Therm Biol, 2023 Oct;117:103718.
    PMID: 37812951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103718
    The study of blood flow in obstructed arteries is a significant focus in computational fluid dynamics, particularly in the field of biomedicine. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the impact of pulsating blood velocity on heat transfer within biological systems, with a specific focus on blood flow in obstructed arteries. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive 3D model representing a straight, constricted blood vessel has been developed. This model incorporates periodic, unsteady, Newtonian blood flow along with the presence of gold and silver nanoparticles. Leveraging the Finite Element Method (FEM), the Navier-Stokes and energy equations have been rigorously solved. Through the investigation, it is aim to shed light on how alterations in the pulsation rate and the volume fraction of nanoparticles influence both temperature distribution and velocity profiles within the system. The present study findings unequivocally highlight that the behavior of pulsatile nanofluid flow significantly impacts the velocity field and heat transfer performance. However, it is imperative to note that the extent of this influence varies depending on the specific volume fractions involved. Specifically, higher volume fractions of nanofluids correlate with elevated velocities at the center of the vessel and decreased velocities near the vessel walls. This pattern also extends to the temperature distribution and heat flux within the vessel, further underscoring the paramount importance of pulsatile flow dynamics in biomedicine and computational fluid dynamics research. Besides, results revealed that the presence of occlusion significantly affects the heat transfer and fluid flow.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature*
  2. Fulltext The Influence of Average Temperature and Relative Humidity on New Cases of COVID-19: Time-Series Analysis
    He Z, Chin Y, Yu S, Huang J, Zhang CJP, Zhu K, et al.
    JMIR Public Health Surveill, 2021 Jan 25;7(1):e20495.
    PMID: 33232262 DOI: 10.2196/20495
    BACKGROUND: The influence of meteorological factors on the transmission and spread of COVID-19 is of interest and has not been investigated.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between meteorological factors and the daily number of new cases of COVID-19 in 9 Asian cities.

    METHODS: Pearson correlation and generalized additive modeling (GAM) were performed to assess the relationships between daily new COVID-19 cases and meteorological factors (daily average temperature and relative humidity) with the most updated data currently available.

    RESULTS: The Pearson correlation showed that daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19 were more correlated with the average temperature than with relative humidity. Daily new confirmed cases were negatively correlated with the average temperature in Beijing (r=-0.565, P

    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature*
  3. Fulltext Thermal Aging Rheological Behavior of Magnetorheological Elastomers Based on Silicone Rubber
    Aziz SAA, Mazlan SA, Ubaidillah U, Mohamad N, Choi SB, Che Aziz MA, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Nov 27;21(23).
    PMID: 33260840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239007
    Engineering rubber composites have been widely used as main components in many fields including vehicle engineering and biomedical applications. However, when a rubber composite surface area is exposed to heat or sunlight and over a long-term accelerated exposure and lifecycle of test, the rubber becomes hard, thus influencing the mechanical and rheological behavior of the materials. Therefore, in this study, the deterioration of rheological characteristics particularly the phase shift angle (δ) of silicone rubber (SR) based magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is investigated under the effect of thermal aging. SR-MRE with 60 wt% of CIPs is fabricated and subjected to a continuous temperature of 100 °C for 72 h. The characterization of SR-MRE before and after thermal aging related to hardness, micrograph, and rheological properties are characterized using low vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM) and a rheometer, respectively. The results demonstrated that the morphological analysis has a rough surface and more voids occurred after the thermal aging. The hardness and the weight of the SR-MRE before and after thermal aging were slightly different. Nonetheless, the thermo-rheological results showed that the stress-strain behavior have changed the phase-shift angle (δ) of SR-MRE particularly at a high strain. Moreover, the complex mechanism of SR-MRE before and after thermal aging can be observed through the changes of the 'in-rubber structure' under rheological properties. Finally, the relationship between the phase-shift angle (δ) and the in-rubber structure due to thermal aging are discussed thoroughly which led to a better understanding of the thermo-rheological behavior of SR-MRE.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature*
  4. The effect of calcium hydroxide addition on enhancing ammonia recovery during thermophilic composting in a self-heated pilot-scale reactor
    Tie HO, Che Man H, Koyama M, Syukri F, Md Yusoff F, Toda T, et al.
    Waste Manag, 2023 Jul 01;166:194-202.
    PMID: 37178588 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.046
    A modified outdoor large-scale nutrient recycling system was developed to compost organic sludge and aimed to recover clean nitrogen for the cultivation of high-value-added microalgae. This study investigated the effect of calcium hydroxide addition on enhancing NH3 recovery in a pilot-scale reactor self-heated by metabolic heat of microorganisms during thermophilic composting of dewatered cow dung. 350 kg-ww of compost was prepared at the ratio of 5: 14: 1 (dewatered cowdung: rice husk: compost-seed) in a 4 m3 cylindrical rotary drum composting reactor for 14 days of aerated composting. High compost temperature up to 67 °C was observed from day 1 of composting, proving that thermophilic composting was achieved through the self-heating process. The temperature of compost increases as microbial activity increases and temperature decreases as organic matter decreases. The high CO2 evolution rate on day 0-2 (0.02-0.08 mol/min) indicated that microorganisms are most active in degrading organic matter. The increasing conversion of carbon demonstrated that organic carbon was degraded by microbial activity and emitted as CO2. The nitrogen mass balance revealed that adding calcium hydroxide to the compost and increasing the aeration rate on day 3 volatilized 9.83 % of the remaining ammonium ions in the compost, thereby improving the ammonia recovery. Moreover, Geobacillus was found to be the most dominant bacteria under elevated temperature that functions in the hydrolysis of non-dissolved nitrogen for better NH3 recovery. The presented results show that by thermophilic composting 1 ton-ds of dewatered cowdung for NH3 recovery, up to 11.54 kg-ds of microalgae can be produced.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature*
  5. Fulltext Heat and mass transfer on MHD squeezing flow of Jeffrey nanofluid in horizontal channel through permeable medium
    Mat Noor NA, Shafie S, Admon MA
    PLoS One, 2021;16(5):e0250402.
    PMID: 33956793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250402
    The heat and mass transfer on time dependent hydrodynamic squeeze flow of Jeffrey nanofluid across two plates over permeable medium in the slip condition with heat generation/absorption, thermal radiation and chemical reaction are investigated. The impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoresis is examined in the Buongiorno's nanofluid model. Conversion of the governing partial differential equations to the ordinary differential equations is conducted via similarity transformation. The dimensionless equations are solved by imposing numerical method of Keller-box. The outputs are compared with previous reported works in the journals for the validation of the present outputs and found in proper agreement. The behavior of velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles concentration profiles by varying the pertinent parameters are examined. Findings portray that the acceleration of the velocity profile and the wall shear stress is due to the squeezing of plates. Furthermore, the velocity, temperature and concentration profile decline with boost in Hartmann number and ratio of relaxation to retardation times. It is discovered that the rate of heat transfer and temperature profile increase when viscous dissipation, thermophoresis and heat source/sink rises. In contrast, the increment of thermal radiation reduces the temperature and enhances the heat transfer rate. Besides, the mass transfer rate decelerates for increasing Brownian motion in nanofluid, while it elevates when chemical reaction and thermophoresis increases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature*
  6. Heat mitigation in basal compacted clay liners in municipal solid waste landfills
    Jayawardane V, Anggraini V, Tran MV, Mirzababaei M, Syamsir A
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Nov;31(54):63262-63286.
    PMID: 39480575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35401-4
    In municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, biodegradation of the organic MSW fraction results in elevated waste and basal liner temperatures which have the potential to cause the clay component of the basal liner to experience severe moisture loss over time and eventually undergo desiccation cracking. Cracking of the basal liner's clay component would result in an uncontrolled release of contaminants into the surrounding environment and ultimately give rise to a variety of major environmental concerns. Accordingly, this study examined the variation of temperature-moisture profiles along the depth of a compacted clay liner (CCL) exposed to different constant elevated waste temperatures (CETs) in the absence and presence of two heat reduction techniques, respectively. Rockwool insulation layers with varying thicknesses and galvanized steel cooling pipes with varying flowrates were introduced separately as the two heat reduction techniques. Introduction of both techniques led to a significant attenuation of the temperature rise and desiccation experienced by the CCL in the face of different CETs. An increase in rockwool thickness increments led to a progressive reduction of CCL temperature, while an increase in flow rate under turbulent condition did not have a significant influence on the temperature and desiccation reduction of the CCL. Nevertheless, the present study certainly highlights the potential of the two proposed heat reduction techniques to minimize desiccation and consequently increase the service life of CCLs exposed to different elevated temperatures in MSW landfills.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature*
  7. Fulltext Comparison of cooling methods on denture base adaptation of rapid heat-cured acrylic using a three-dimensional superimposition technique
    May LW, John J, Seong LG, Abidin ZZ, Ibrahim N, Danaee M, et al.
    J Indian Prosthodont Soc, 2021 5 4;21(2):198-203.
    PMID: 33938871 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_41_21
    Aim: To investigate the effect of different cooling methods on denture base adaptation of rapid heat-cured acrylic resin using 3D superimposition technique.

    Setting and Design: In vitro - Comparative study.

    Materials and Methods: Denture base adaptation of two different rapid heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate acrylic resins using five different cooling methods were compared. Forty maxillary edentulous stone cast were prepared to produce the denture bases with standardized thickness. The specimens were divided into five groups (n = 8) according to type of materials and cooling methods. The master stone cast and all forty denture bases were scanned with 3Shape E1 laboratory scanner. The scanned images of each of the denture bases were superimposed over the scanned image of the master cast using Materialize 3-matic software. Three dimensional differences between the two surfaces were calculated and color surface maps were generated for visual qualitative assessment.

    Statistical Analysis Used: Generalized Linear Model Test, Bonferroni Post Hoc Analysis.

    Results: All bench-cooled specimens showed wide green-colored area in the overall palatal surface, while the rapid cooled specimens presented with increased red color areas especially at the palate and post dam area. Generalized Linear Model test followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis showed significant difference in the root mean square values among the specimen groups.

    Conclusion: Samples that were bench cooled, demonstrated better overall accuracy compared to the rapid cooling groups. Regardless of need for shorter denture processing time, bench cooling of rapid heat-cured PMMA is essential for acceptable denture base adaptation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature*
  8. Large-scale culture of a tropical marine microalga Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) Takano 1968 at different temperatures using annular photobioreactors
    Lai JI, Yusoff FM, Shariff M
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2012 Jul 01;15(13):635-40.
    PMID: 24218933
    Outdoor mass culture of microalgae in the tropical area is important to minimize its production cost. This study evaluates the growth of Chaetoceros calcitrans in 120 L annular photobioreactors at indoor temperature (Treatment I, 25 +/- 2 degrees C) and outdoor tropical ambient temperature, (Treatment II, 30 +/- 6 degrees C). Each treatment was done in duplicates. For both treatments, C. calcitrans was first grown in starter columns of 10 L capacity for a period of 7 days at 25 +/- 2 degrees C. After 7 days, the 9 L culture was transferred to the annular photobioreactors and subsequently brought to a final volume of 100 L by adding 20 L fresh medium every 5 days. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the dry weight of microalgae grown in natural light and those grown indoor. The results suggest that C. calcitrans can be grown in outdoor conditions, hence, saving time and microalgae production cost for the larviculture industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature*
  9. Pyrolytic conversion of human hair to fuel: performance evaluation and kinetic modelling
    Krishnakumar P, Sundaramurthy S, Baredar P, Suresh A, Khan MA, Sharma G, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Dec;30(60):125104-125116.
    PMID: 37099105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26991-6
    There are several environmental and human health impacts if human hair waste is not adequately disposed of. In this study, pyrolysis of discarded human hair was carried out. This research focused on the pyrolysis of discarded human hair under controlled environmental conditions. The effects of the mass of discarded human hair and temperature on bio-oil yield were studied. The proximate and ultimate analyses and calorific values of disposed of human hair, bio-oil, and biochar were determined. Further, chemical compounds of bio-oil were analyzed using a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer. Finally, the kinetic modeling and behavior of the pyrolysis process were characterized through FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Based on the optimized mass of disposed of human hair, 250 g had a better bio-oil yield of 97% in the temperature range of 210-300 °C. The different parameters of bio-oil were: pH (2.87), specific gravity (1.17), moisture content (19%), heating value (19.34 MJ/kg), and viscosity (50 CP). C (56.4%), H (6.1%), N (0.16%), S (0.01%), O (38.4%), and Ash (0.1%) were discovered to be the elemental chemical composition of bio-oil (on a dry basis). During breakdown, the release of different compounds like hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, acids, and alcohols takes place. According to the GC-MS results, several amino acids were discovered in the bio-oil, 12 abundant in the discarded human hair. The FTIR and thermal analysis found different concluding temperatures and wave numbers for functional groups. Two main stages are partially separated at about 305 °C, with maximum degradation rates at about 293 oC and 400-4140 °C, respectively. The mass loss was 30% at 293 0C and 82% at temperatures above 293 0C. When the temperature reached 4100C, the entire bio-oil from discarded human hair was distilled or thermally decomposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature*
  10. Changes in stability, phytonutrients, 3-chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters of peanut oil-based diacylglycerols during heat treatment
    Lv Y, Peng X, Lee YY, Xie X, Tan CP, Wang Y, et al.
    Food Res Int, 2024 Oct;194:114900.
    PMID: 39232527 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114900
    Diacylglycerol (DAG) is generally considered one of the precursors of 3-chloropropanol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GEs). This study aimed to evaluate static heating and stir-frying properties of peanut oil (PO) and PO based 58% and 82% DAG oils (PDAG-58 and PDAG-82). Observations revealed that, phytonutrient levels notably diminished during static heating, with PDAG exhibiting reduced oxidative stability, but maintaining a stability profile similar to PO over a short period. During stir-frying, 3-MCPDE content initially increased and then decreased whereas the opposite was observed for GEs. Furthermore, as temperature, and NaCl concentration increased, there was a corresponding increase in the levels of 3-MCPDE and GEs, although remained within safe limits. When used in suitable concentrations, these findings underscore the potential of DAG, as a nutritionally rich and oxidatively stable alternative to conventional cooking oils, promoting the use of DAG edible oil in heat-cooked food systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature*
  11. Structural Insights into Cold-Active Lipase from Glaciozyma antarctica PI12: Alphafold2 Prediction and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
    Matinja AI, Kamarudin NHA, Leow ATC, Oslan SN, Ali MSM
    J Mol Evol, 2024 Dec;92(6):944-963.
    PMID: 39549052 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-024-10219-3
    Cold-active enzymes have recently gained popularity because of their high activity at lower temperatures than their mesophilic and thermophilic counterparts, enabling them to withstand harsh reaction conditions and enhance industrial processes. Cold-active lipases are enzymes produced by psychrophiles that live and thrive in extremely cold conditions. Cold-active lipase applications are now growing in the detergency, synthesis of fine chemicals, food processing, bioremediation, and pharmaceutical industries. The cold adaptation mechanisms exhibited by these enzymes are yet to be fully understood. Using phylogenetic analysis, and advanced deep learning-based protein structure prediction tool Alphafold2, we identified an evolutionary processes in which a conserved cold-active-like motif is presence in a distinct subclade of the tree and further predicted and simulated the three-dimensional structure of a putative cold-active lipase with the cold active motif, Glalip03, from Glaciozyma antarctica PI12. Molecular dynamics at low temperatures have revealed global stability over a wide range of temperatures, flexibility, and the ability to cope with changes in water and solvent entropy. Therefore, the knowledge we uncover here will be crucial for future research into how these low-temperature-adapted enzymes maintain their overall flexibility and function at lower temperatures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cold Temperature*
  12. Effects of temperature on the physicochemical properties and total phenolic content of red and green chilies during postharvest storage
    Mohd Akbar SS, Azmie NAA, Mohd Ali M
    J Food Sci, 2025 Feb;90(2):e70023.
    PMID: 39902949 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.70023
    Chilies are usually packed and stored after harvesting for sale, which can result in quality loss and affect the edibility of the product. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature on the physicochemical properties of red and green chilies during postharvest storage at three different temperatures (0, 5, and 25°C). The physicochemical analysis of chilies was conducted for 9 days to determine color changes, texture, pH, total soluble solids, and total phenolic content (TPC). All test data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between physicochemical properties and the TPC. The study found that the TPC values decreased significantly at all temperatures for both red and green chilies. At 5°C, the TPC values were 3.42 mg GAE/g extract and 2.23 mg GAE/g extract for red and green chilies, respectively. The red chilies showed the lowest values of texture and TPC at 0°C, indicating poor preservation. The green chilies at 0°C had higher TPC values (4.74 mg GAE/g extract) but suffered from high firmness loss, whereas 25°C led to microbial growth. Therefore, the overall quality and market acceptability of both red and green chilies were ideal at 5°C due to better preservation of physical appearance. In conclusion, the ideal storage condition at 5°C can reduce qualitative and postharvest losses of red and green chilies by maintaining better texture and acceptable TPC values.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature*
  13. Fulltext MHD Stagnation-Point Flow and Heat Transfer with Effects of Viscous Dissipation, Joule Heating and Partial Velocity Slip
    Yasin MH, Ishak A, Pop I
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:17848.
    PMID: 26647651 DOI: 10.1038/srep17848
    The steady two-dimensional stagnation-point flow and heat transfer past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet with effects of viscous dissipation, Joule heating and partial velocity slip in the presence of a magnetic field is investigated. The partial differential equations are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using a similarity transformation, before being solved numerically by shooting technique. Results indicate that the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number increase as magnetic parameter increases. It is found that for the stretching sheet the solution is unique while for the shrinking sheet there exist nonunique solutions (dual solutions) in certain range of parameters. The stability analysis shows that the upper branch solution is stable while the lower branch solution is unstable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature
  14. Fulltext Effects of gate stack structural and process defectivity on high-k dielectric dependence of NBTI reliability in 32 nm technology node PMOSFETs
    Hussin H, Soin N, Bukhori MF, Hatta SW, Wahab YA
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:490829.
    PMID: 25221784 DOI: 10.1155/2014/490829
    We present a simulation study on negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) induced hole trapping in E' center defects, which leads to depassivation of interface trap precursor in different geometrical structures of high-k PMOSFET gate stacks using the two-stage NBTI model. The resulting degradation is characterized based on the time evolution of the interface and hole trap densities, as well as the resulting threshold voltage shift. By varying the physical thicknesses of the interface silicon dioxide (SiO2) and hafnium oxide (HfO2) layers, we investigate how the variation in thickness affects hole trapping/detrapping at different stress temperatures. The results suggest that the degradations are highly dependent on the physical gate stack parameters for a given stress voltage and temperature. The degradation is more pronounced by 5% when the thicknesses of HfO2 are increased but is reduced by 11% when the SiO2 interface layer thickness is increased during lower stress voltage. However, at higher stress voltage, greater degradation is observed for a thicker SiO2 interface layer. In addition, the existence of different stress temperatures at which the degradation behavior differs implies that the hole trapping/detrapping event is thermally activated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  15. Fulltext A high resolution capacitive sensing system for the measurement of water content in crude oil
    Zubair M, Tang TB
    Sensors (Basel), 2014;14(7):11351-61.
    PMID: 24967606 DOI: 10.3390/s140711351
    This paper presents the design of a non-intrusive system to measure ultra-low water content in crude oil. The system is based on a capacitance to phase angle conversion method. Water content is measured with a capacitance sensor comprising two semi-cylindrical electrodes mounted on the outer side of a glass tube. The presence of water induces a capacitance change that in turn converts into a phase angle, with respect to a main oscillator. A differential sensing technique is adopted not only to ensure high immunity against temperature variation and background noise, but also to eliminate phase jitter and amplitude variation of the main oscillator that could destabilize the output. The complete capacitive sensing system was implemented in hardware and experiment results using crude oil samples demonstrated that a resolution of ± 50 ppm of water content in crude oil was achieved by the proposed design.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  16. Fulltext Quantifying 'causality' in complex systems: understanding transfer entropy
    Abdul Razak F, Jensen HJ
    PLoS One, 2014;9(6):e99462.
    PMID: 24955766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099462
    'Causal' direction is of great importance when dealing with complex systems. Often big volumes of data in the form of time series are available and it is important to develop methods that can inform about possible causal connections between the different observables. Here we investigate the ability of the Transfer Entropy measure to identify causal relations embedded in emergent coherent correlations. We do this by firstly applying Transfer Entropy to an amended Ising model. In addition we use a simple Random Transition model to test the reliability of Transfer Entropy as a measure of 'causal' direction in the presence of stochastic fluctuations. In particular we systematically study the effect of the finite size of data sets.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  17. Fulltext Gate length variation effect on performance of gate-first self-aligned In₀.₅₃Ga₀.₄₇As MOSFET
    Mohd Razip Wee MF, Dehzangi A, Bollaert S, Wichmann N, Majlis BY
    PLoS One, 2013;8(12):e82731.
    PMID: 24367548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082731
    A multi-gate n-type In₀.₅₃Ga₀.₄₇As MOSFET is fabricated using gate-first self-aligned method and air-bridge technology. The devices with different gate lengths were fabricated with the Al2O3 oxide layer with the thickness of 8 nm. In this letter, impact of gate length variation on device parameter such as threshold voltage, high and low voltage transconductance, subthreshold swing and off current are investigated at room temperature. Scaling the gate length revealed good enhancement in all investigated parameters but the negative shift in threshold voltage was observed for shorter gate lengths. The high drain current of 1.13 A/mm and maximum extrinsic transconductance of 678 mS/mm with the field effect mobility of 364 cm(2)/Vs are achieved for the gate length and width of 0.2 µm and 30 µm, respectively. The source/drain overlap length for the device is approximately extracted about 51 nm with the leakage current in order of 10(-8) A. The results of RF measurement for cut-off and maximum oscillation frequency for devices with different gate lengths are compared.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  18. Fulltext Temperature-insensitive bend sensor using entirely centered Erbium doping in the fiber core
    Ahmad H, Zulkifli MZ, Muhammad FD, Samangun JM, Abdul-Rashid HA, Harun SW
    Sensors (Basel), 2013;13(7):9536-46.
    PMID: 23881146 DOI: 10.3390/s130709536
    A fiber based bend sensor using a uniquely designed Bend-Sensitive Erbium Doped Fiber (BSEDF) is proposed and demonstrated. The BSEDF has two core regions, namely an undoped outer region with a diameter of about 9.38 μm encompassing a doped, inner core region with a diameter of 4.00 μm. The doped core region has about 400 ppm of an Er2O3 dopant. Pumping the BSEDF with a conventional 980 nm laser diode gives an Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) spectrum spanning from 1,510 nm to over 1,560 nm at the output power level of about -58 dBm. The ASE spectrum has a peak power of -52 dBm at a central wavelength of 1,533 nm when not spooled. Spooling the BSEDF with diameters of 10 cm to 2 cm yields decreasing peak powers from -57.0 dBm to -61.8 dBm, while the central wavelength remains unchanged. The output is highly stable over time, with a low temperature sensitivity of around ~0.005 dBm/°C, thus allowing for the development of a highly stable sensor system based in the change of the peak power alone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  19. Synthesis, characterization and physicochemical properties of oleic acid ether derivatives as biolubricant basestocks
    Salimon J, Salih N, Yousif E
    J Oleo Sci, 2011;60(12):613-8.
    PMID: 22123242
    Petroleum is a finite source as well as causing several environmental problems. Therefore petroleum needs to be replaced by alternative and sustainable sources. Plant oils and oleochemicals derived from them represent such alternative sources; the use of oleochemicals as biobased lubricants is of significant interest. This article presents a series of chemical modification on oleic acid to yield synthetic biolubricant basestocks. Measuring of density, volatility, cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), flash point (FP), viscosity index (VI), onset temperature (OT) and signal maximum temperature (SMT) was carried out for each compound. Furthermore, the friction and wear properties were measured using high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). The results showed that octadecyl 9-octadecyloxy-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate exhibited the most favorable low-temperature performance (CP %ndash;26°C, PP %ndash;28°C) and the lowest ball wear scan diameter (42 µm) while propyl 9-propyloxy-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate exhibited the higher oxidation stability (OT 156°C).
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  20. Case study: beverage temperature at aid stations in ironman triathlon
    Burdon CA, Johnson NA, Chapman PG, Munir Che Muhamed A, O'Connor HT
    Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2013 Aug;23(4):418-24.
    PMID: 23295183
    The aim of this study was to measure the effect of environmental conditions and aid-station beverage- cooling practices on the temperature of competitor beverages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Temperature/drug effects*; Temperature*
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