Displaying publications 361 - 380 of 10188 in total

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  1. Fulltext Two dimensional echocardiography-a new technique in clinical practice
    Sidek Nontak MA
    Med J Malaysia, 1981 Mar;36(1):52-7.
    PMID: 7321939
    Matched MeSH terms: Echocardiography/methods*
  2. Fulltext Review of the phase I and phase II teaching programmes in the School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia
    Roslani AM, Sein KT, Nordin R
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Mar;44(1):75-82.
    PMID: 2626116
    The Phase I and Phase II undergraduate teaching programmes of the School of Medical Sciences were reviewed at the end of the 1985/86 academic year. It was found that deviations from the School's philosophy had crept into the implementation process. Modifications were therefore made in Phase I and Phase II programmes with a view to:--(i) reducing content, (ii) promoting integration, (iii) improving clinical examination skills of students, and (iv) providing more opportunities to students for self learning, reinforcement and application of knowledge. The number of assessment items in Phase I and the frequency of assessment in Phase II were also found to be inappropriate and so modifications in assessment were made to rectify this situation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Educational Measurement/methods*
  3. A dBASE III system for managing 35 mm slides in pathology
    Wong KT, Chan KS
    Malays J Pathol, 1990 Dec;12(2):101-6.
    PMID: 2102964
    We describe the design and management of a 35 mm slide database using a menu-driven dBASE III PLUS programme and a microcomputer in a large department of pathology that also caters for the individual pathologist. Existing systems described in the literature are geared towards slides of general medicine and do not address the needs of the individual pathologist. A total of 11,481 slides in the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, were filed into a single database with each record representing one slide. Nine fields which comprised the slide accession number, reference number, slide category, SNOMED codes, and a description of the slide in natural language, seemed adequate for slide definition. The menu-driven programme had functions which included the abilities to add, delete, edit and back-up records, and to search for desired slides. Although slides may be searched for in various fields, we found that searches using natural language alone were both comprehensive and efficient, provided a standard format of description was adhered to and data entries scrutinized carefully for errors. We believe therefore, that for the pathologist working alone, coded language fields are not absolutely necessary, as manual coding and additional data entry can be time consuming. As expected, for databases larger than 10,000 slides, a 80286 microprocessor-based microcomputer was more efficient. We are of the opinion that a system such as ours is very useful for a large department of pathology or the individual pathologist to file and retrieve 35 mm slides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pathology/methods*
  4. Fulltext Methods used for reconstruction in aggressive bone tumours: an early experience
    Pan KL, Ting SS, Mohamad AWK, Lee WG, Wong CC, Rasit AH
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Dec;58(5):752-7.
    PMID: 15190663
    Improvements in the overall treatment of patients with aggressive, large tumours involving the bone have made it possible to preserve and salvage limbs instead of amputating them. Each patient is unique in his clinical presentation and social circumstance. The different reconstructive options available allow us to choose the most appropriate method suited to the particular patient and with minimal delay, even when resources are limited. The patient and the relatives actively participate in the choice. The early experience of the different techniques for reconstructing these bone defects at our hospital are presented in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/methods*
  5. Episiotomy repair: a comparison of catgut and polyglycolic acid sutures
    Ping WW, Kee TS
    Med J Malaysia, 1975 Dec;30(2):135-8.
    PMID: 1228379
    Matched MeSH terms: Episiotomy/methods*
  6. The epidemiological approach to atherosclerosis
    Elliot O
    Med J Malaya, 1972 Dec;27(2):95-102.
    PMID: 4268046
    Matched MeSH terms: Epidemiologic Methods*
  7. Obtaining a reliable travel history from III returned travellers
    Gately R, Economos H, Fleming C, Flaherty G
    Travel Med Infect Dis, 2015 Jul-Aug;13(4):342-3.
    PMID: 26005161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.05.003
    Matched MeSH terms: Travel Medicine/methods*
  8. Fulltext Advanced in developmental organic and inorganic nanomaterial: a review
    Khalid K, Tan X, Mohd Zaid HF, Tao Y, Lye Chew C, Chu DT, et al.
    Bioengineered, 2020 12;11(1):328-355.
    PMID: 32138595 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1736240
    With the unique properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, stability, inertness, ease of functionalization, as well as novel optical, electrical, and magnetic behaviors, nanomaterials have a wide range of applications in various fields with the common types including nanotubes, dendrimers, quantum dots, and fullerenes. With the aim of providing useful insights to help future development of efficient and commercially viable technology for large-scale production, this review focused on the science and applications of inorganic and organic nanomaterials, emphasizing on their synthesis, processing, characterization, and applications on different fields. The applications of nanomaterials on imaging, cell and gene delivery, biosensor, cancer treatment, therapy, and others were discussed in depth. Last but not least, the future prospects and challenges in nanoscience and nanotechnology were also explored.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotechnology/methods*
  9. Electronic structure and optical properties of the dialkali metal monotelluride compounds: Ab initio study
    Souadia Z, Bouhemadou A, Bin-Omran S, Khenata R, Al-Douri Y, Al Essa S
    J Mol Graph Model, 2019 07;90:77-86.
    PMID: 31031219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.04.008
    Structural parameters, electronic structure and optical properties of the dialkali metal monotelluride M2Te (M = Li, Na, K and Rb) compounds in the cubic antifluorite structure were investigated via ab initio calculations using the all electron linearized augmented plane wave approach based on density functional theory with and without including spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The exchange-correlation interactions were described within the PBEsol version of the generalized gradient approximation and Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson potential (TB-mBJ). Optimized equilibrium lattice parameters are in excellent accordance with existing measured ones. Computed energy band dispersions show that the studied compounds are large band gap materials. Inclusion of SOC reduces the band gap value compared to the corresponding one calculated without including SOC. Determination of the energy band character and interatomic bonding nature are performed using the densities of states diagrams and charge density distribution map. Linear optical function spectra are predicted for a wide energy range and the origin of the dielectric function spectrum peaks are determined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electronics/methods
  10. Optimisation of sludge disruption by sonication
    Show KY, Mao T, Lee DJ
    Water Res, 2007 Dec;41(20):4741-7.
    PMID: 17688907
    This study presents an examination on the correlation of sonication operating condition, sludge property, formation and behaviour of cavitation bubbles in sludge disruption under low-frequency ultrasound sonication. The influence of sonication time, sonication density, type of sludge and solids content on the disruption was evaluated. The most vigorous particle disruption was achieved in the initial period of sonication, which subsided subsequently. The explosive effect was likely due to the rapid cavitation arising from powerful transient bubbles generated in fractions of microseconds. A rating for the type of sludge was derived based on the finding that particles in secondary sludge were more readily disrupted than both primary sludge and mixed sludge. While sonication density exhibited the most significant role in cavitation bubble formation and behaviour, particle disruption could be optimised for energy input by sonicating at higher sonication density and shorter sonication time. Based on theoretical consideration, it was deduced that within an optimum sludge solids content ranging between 2.3% and 3.2%, superior particle disruption could be accomplished within a minute for secondary sludge sonicated at a density of 0.52 W/mL. Useful guidelines for sonication system installation, equipment protection and process reliability could be established from knowledge derived from a good understanding on the influence of solids content on sludge sonication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods*
  11. Development of graphene based nanocomposites towards medical and biological applications
    Mousavi SM, Low FW, Hashemi SA, Lai CW, Ghasemi Y, Soroshnia S, et al.
    Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2020 Dec;48(1):1189-1205.
    PMID: 32930615 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1817052
    Graphene and its derivative materials present high potential towards medical and biological applications, including drug delivery and bioimaging, due to their exceptional properties such as thermal conductivity and high specific surface area. The main focus of this work is to review the current development of graphene materials and the derivatives for biocompatible, bioimaging and drug delivery applications. Also, the synthesis methods with variation of graphene nanocomposites and the functionalisation will be further explained. For the graphene approaches, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is the best-known technique to make high-quality graphene sheet by growth route with mass production. By considering the organic graphene nanocomposites, the biocompatibility and cytotoxic effects against graphene nanocomposites were evaluated for biomedical employments such as high quality bioimaging and effective drug delivery for cancer treatments. For example, graphene oxide incorporated with PEG and loaded with SN 38 for camptothecin analolgue as anticancer drug and revealed high cytotoxicity has an effect of 1000 times better effect than CPT in HCT-116 cells. Their drug delivery ability for both in-vivo and in-vitro applications compared to the controlled drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) will be discussed accordingly. The graphene and its deriavatives possess some intriguing properties, which will lead to drug delivery due to strong biocompatibility and cyctotoxic effect towards biomedicine applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanomedicine/methods*
  12. Approaches for targeted proteomics and its potential applications in neuroscience
    Sethi S, Chourasia D, Parhar IS
    J Biosci, 2015 Sep;40(3):607-27.
    PMID: 26333406
    An extensive guide on practicable and significant quantitative proteomic approaches in neuroscience research is important not only because of the existing overwhelming limitations but also for gaining valuable understanding into brain function and deciphering proteomics from the workbench to the bedside. Early methodologies to understand the functioning of biological systems are now improving with high-throughput technologies, which allow analysis of various samples concurrently, or of thousand of analytes in a particular sample. Quantitative proteomic approaches include both gel-based and non-gel-based methods that can be further divided into different labelling approaches. This review will emphasize the role of existing technologies, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their applications in neuroscience. This review will also discuss advanced approaches for targeted proteomics using isotope-coded affinity tag (ICAT) coupled with laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis. This technology can further be extended to single cell proteomics in other areas of biological sciences and can be combined with other 'omics' approaches to reveal the mechanism of a cellular alterations. This approach may lead to further investigation in basic biology, disease analysis and surveillance, as well as drug discovery. Although numerous challenges still exist, we are confident that this approach will increase the understanding of pathological mechanisms involved in neuroendocrinology, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders by delivering protein biomarker signatures for brain dysfunction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Liquid/methods; Isotope Labeling/methods; Neurosciences/methods*; Proteomics/methods*; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods; Laser Capture Microdissection/methods
  13. Extraction of bioactives from Orthosiphon stamineus using microwave and ultrasound-assisted techniques: Process optimization and scale up
    Chan CH, See TY, Yusoff R, Ngoh GC, Kow KW
    Food Chem, 2017 Apr 15;221:1382-1387.
    PMID: 27979103 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.016
    This work demonstrated the optimization and scale up of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from Orthosiphon stamineus using energy-based parameters such as absorbed power density and absorbed energy density (APD-AED) and response surface methodology (RSM). The intensive optimum conditions of MAE obtained at 80% EtOH, 50mL/g, APD of 0.35W/mL, AED of 250J/mL can be used to determine the optimum conditions of the scale-dependent parameters i.e. microwave power and treatment time at various extraction scales (100-300mL solvent loading). The yields of the up scaled conditions were consistent with less than 8% discrepancy and they were about 91-98% of the Soxhlet extraction yield. By adapting APD-AED method in the case of UAE, the intensive optimum conditions of the extraction, i.e. 70% EtOH, 30mL/g, APD of 0.22W/mL, AED of 450J/mL are able to achieve similar scale up results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ultrasonics/methods*
  14. Combination of Cyclodextrin and Ionic Liquid in Analytical Chemistry: Current and Future Perspectives
    Hui BY, Raoov M, Zain NNM, Mohamad S, Osman H
    Crit Rev Anal Chem, 2017 Sep 03;47(5):454-467.
    PMID: 28453309 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1320936
    The growth in driving force and popularity of cyclodextrin (CDs) and ionic liquids (ILs) as promising materials in the field of analytical chemistry has resulted in an exponentially increase of their exploitation and production in analytical chemistry field. CDs belong to the family of cyclic oligosaccharides composing of α-(1,4) linked glucopyranose subunits and possess a cage-like supramolecular structure. This structure enables chemical reactions to proceed between interacting ions, radical or molecules in the absence of covalent bonds. Conversely, ILs are an ionic fluids comprising of only cation and anion often with immeasurable vapor pressure making them as green or designer solvent. The cooperative effect between CD and IL due to their fascinating properties, have nowadays contributed their footprints for a better development in analytical chemistry nowadays. This comprehensive review serves to give an overview on some of the recent studies and provides an analytical trend for the application of CDs with the combination of ILs that possess beneficial and remarkable effects in analytical chemistry including their use in various sample preparation techniques such as solid phase extraction, magnetic solid phase extraction, cloud point extraction, microextraction, and separation techniques which includes gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis as well as applications of electrochemical sensors as electrode modifiers with references to recent applications. This review will highlight the nature of interactions and synergic effects between CDs, ILs, and analytes. It is hoped that this review will stimulate further research in analytical chemistry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/methods*; Chromatography, Gas/methods; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods; Chemical Fractionation/methods; Biosensing Techniques/methods*; Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods; Electrochemical Techniques/methods
  15. Selected banding techniques in the identification of human chromosomes
    Yip MY
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Sep;34(1):60-4.
    PMID: 542156
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromosome Banding/methods*
  16. Abortion by massage--"bomoh"
    Sambhi JS
    IPPF Med Bull, 1977 Feb;11(1):3.
    PMID: 873012
    Matched MeSH terms: Abortion, Induced/methods*
  17. Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Enhanced Enzymatic Delignification
    Moniruzzaman M, Goto M
    Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol., 2019;168:61-77.
    PMID: 29744542 DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_64
    Ionic liquids (ILs), a potentially attractive "green," recyclable alternative to environmentally harmful volatile organic compounds, have been increasingly exploited as solvents and/or cosolvents and/or reagents in a wide range of applications, including pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for further processing. The enzymatic delignification of biomass to degrade lignin, a complex aromatic polymer, has received much attention as an environmentally friendly process for clean separation of biopolymers including cellulose and lignin. For this purpose, enzymes are generally isolated from naturally occurring fungi or genetically engineered fungi and used in an aqueous medium. However, enzymatic delignification has been found to be very slow in these conditions, sometimes taking several months for completion. In this chapter, we highlight an environmentally friendly and efficient approach for enzymatic delignification of lignocellulosic biomass using room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) as (co)solvents or/and pretreatment agents. The method comprises pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in IL-aqueous systems before enzymatic delignification, with the aim of overcoming the low delignification efficiency associated with low enzyme accessibility to the solid substrate and low substrate and product solubilities in aqueous systems. We believe the processes described here can play an important role in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass-the most abundant renewable biomaterial in the world-to biomaterials, biopolymers, biofuels, bioplastics, and hydrocarbons. Graphical Abstract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/methods*
  18. Fulltext Predictive and diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasonography in differentiating severe dengue from nonsevere dengue
    Low GK, Looi SY, Yong MH, Sharma D
    J Vector Borne Dis, 2018 10 4;55(2):79-88.
    PMID: 30280705 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.242568
    Diagnosing severe dengue from those who do not develop complication is important to prevent death. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasonography in differentiating severe dengue from nonsevere dengue; and to assess if ultrasonography/ultrasound can be used as a predictive (screening) and diagnostic tool in the course of dengue infection. An electronic search was conducted in different databases via OvidSP platform. The included studies were cohort studies between 1995 and 2016 wherein cases were confirmed by dengue blood test. Severity of dengue was assessed and compared using standard WHO references. The methodological quality of the paper was assessed by two independent reviewers by using QUADAS-2 tool. In total 12 studies were included in this review after suitable screening. Overall, the studies included had a low and unclear risk of bias. Seven out of nine studies that compared severe dengue and nonsevere dengue, performed an ultrasonography on gallbladder (wall thickness cutoff-3 mm) with a sensitivity of 24.2-100% and a specificity of 13.2-98.7%. Other parameters such as splenic subcapsular fluid collection, pericardial fluid and hepatic subcapsular fluid collection had a specificity of >90%, though the sensitivity was poor. There were insufficient evidence that ultrasonography is able to differentiate severe dengue from nonsevere dengue accurately. The predictive and diagnostic value of ultrasonography could not be concluded due to insufficient reporting on the temporality of the ultrasonography performed with regard to the diagnosis. However, it might serve as an adjunct investigation to support the clinical diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ultrasonography/methods*
  19. Analysis of Entamoeba histolytica Membrane Proteome Using Three Extraction Methods
    Ujang J, Sani AAA, Lim BH, Noordin R, Othman N
    Proteomics, 2018 12;18(23):e1700397.
    PMID: 30284757 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700397
    Entamoeba histolytica membrane proteins are important players toward the pathogenesis of amoebiasis, but the roles of most of the proteins are not fully understood. Since efficient protein extraction method is crucial for a successful MS analysis, three extractions methods are evaluated for the use in studying the membrane proteome of E. histolytica: Two commercial kits (ProteoExtract from Calbiochem and ProteoPrep from Sigma), and a conventional laboratory method. The results show that ProteoExtract and the conventional method gave higher protein yields compared to ProteoPrep. LC-ESI-MS/MS identifies 456, 482, and 551 membrane fraction proteins extracted using ProteoExtract, ProteoPrep, and a conventional method, respectively. In silico analysis predicts 108 (21%), 235 (45%), and 177 (34%) membrane proteins from the extracts of ProteoExtract, ProteoPrep, and the conventional method, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of the cytosolic and membrane fractions shows the highest selectivity of the membrane proteins using the ProteoPrep extraction kit. Overall, this study reports 828 E. histolytica membrane fraction proteins that include 249 predicted membrane proteins. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010171.
    Matched MeSH terms: Proteomics/methods*
  20. Bioengineering the innate vasculature of complex organs: what have we learned so far
    Wijesekara P, Ng WH, Feng M, Ren X
    Curr Opin Organ Transplant, 2018 12;23(6):657-663.
    PMID: 30234735 DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000577
    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Engineering vasculature that meets an organ's specific physiology and function is a fundamental step in organ bioengineering. In this article, we review approaches for engineering functional vasculature for organ bioengineering, with an emphasis on the engineering of organ-specific endothelium and vasculature.

    RECENT FINDINGS: Recent advances in hydrogel-based engineering of vascularized organ bud enable vascular regeneration in self-assembled cellular niche containing parenchymal and stromal cells. The emerging technology of whole-organ decellularization provides scaffold materials that serve as extracellular niche guiding vascular regeneration to recapitulate native organ's vascular anatomy. Increasing morphological and molecular evidences suggest endothelial heterogeneity across different organs and across different vascular compartments within an organ. Deriving organ-specific endothelium from pluripotent stem cells has been shown to be possible by combining endothelial induction with parenchymal differentiation.

    SUMMARY: Engineering organ-specific vasculature requires the combination of organ-specific endothelium with its unique cellular and extracellular niches. Future investigations are required to further delineate the mechanisms for induction and maintenance of organ-specific vascular phenotypes, and how to incorporate these mechanisms to engineering organ-specific vasculature.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bioengineering/methods*
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