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  1. Fulltext Influence of a targeted educational intervention on evidence-based practice in two Malaysian maternity units: the SEA ORCHID project in Malaysia
    Ho JJ, Japaraj RP, Anuar CY, Van Rostenberghe HA, Chang AS, Sivasangari S
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Oct;66(4):288-95.
    PMID: 22299544 MyJurnal
    We conducted a before and after study to determine whether an educational intervention to build capacity in the understanding and implementation of evidence could result in improved outcomes for mothers and babies in obstetric and neonatal units of two Malaysian hospitals. Twelve practices and thirteen associated outcomes were selected based on clear evidence from the Cochrane Library. There were significant improvements in most practices with little change in outcomes. In the short term a targeted intervention to build capacity in the understanding and implementation of evidence results in an improved process of care without adverse outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  2. Fulltext Associated factors affecting the successful pregnancy rate of intrauterine insemination at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Fertility Centre
    Azantee YW, Murad ZA, Roszaman R, Hayati MY, Norsina MA
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):195-8.
    PMID: 22111439 MyJurnal
    The aim was to determine pregnancy rate and its associated factors in Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) at IIUM Fertility Centre.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  3. Fulltext The prevalence of anatomical variations in osteomeatal unit in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
    Azila A, Irfan M, Rohaizan Y, Shamim AK
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):191-4.
    PMID: 22111438 MyJurnal
    The complexities of the anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses, as well as its variations may create technical difficulties during surgery. The significance of these anatomical variations in pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis, which is the commonest disease in the region, is still unclear.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  4. Malignant hypertension with papilledema
    Tajunisah I, Patel DK
    J Emerg Med, 2013 Jan;44(1):164-5.
    PMID: 21820265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.05.042
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  5. A choice experiment analysis for solid waste disposal option: a case study in Malaysia
    Pek CK, Jamal O
    J Environ Manage, 2011 Nov;92(11):2993-3001.
    PMID: 21820795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.07.013
    In Malaysia, most municipal wastes currently are disposed into poorly managed 'controlled tipping' systems with little or no pollution protection measures. This study was undertaken to assist the relevant governmental bodies and service providers to identify an improved waste disposal management strategy. The study applied the choice experiment technique to estimate the nonmarket values for a number of waste disposal technologies. Implicit prices for environmental attributes such as psychological fear, land use, air pollution, and river water quality were estimated. Compensating surplus estimates incorporating distance from the residences of the respondents to the proposed disposal facility were calculated for a number of generic and technology-specific choice sets. The resulting estimates were higher for technology-specific options, and the distance factor was a significant determinant in setting an equitable solid waste management fee.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  6. Off-pump Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with left main stem disease
    Ishamuddin IM, Zamrin DM, Joanna OS, Ramzisham AR, Hairolfaizi H
    Clin Ter, 2011;162(6):527-31.
    PMID: 22262322
    The safety, feasibility and post-operative outcome are the main concern in Off-pump Coronary artery bypass graft (OPCAB) surgery as compared to conventional technique especially in multi-vessels coronary artery disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  7. Sexual and reproductive health and rights in public health education
    Allotey PA, Diniz S, Dejong J, Delvaux T, Gruskin S, Fonn S
    Reprod Health Matters, 2011 Nov;19(38):56-68.
    PMID: 22118142 DOI: 10.1016/S0968-8080(11)38577-1
    This paper addresses the challenges faced in mainstreaming the teaching of sexual and reproductive health and rights into public health education. For this paper, we define sexual and reproductive health and rights education as including not only its biomedical aspects but also an understanding of its history, values and politics, grounded in gender politics and social justice, addressing sexuality, and placed within a broader context of health systems and global health. Using a case study approach with an opportunistically selected sample of schools of public health within our regional contexts, we examine the status of sexual and reproductive health and rights education and some of the drivers and obstacles to the development and delivery of sexual and reproductive health and rights curricula. Despite diverse national and institutional contexts, there are many commonalities. Teaching of sexual and reproductive health and rights is not fully integrated into core curricula. Existing initiatives rely on personal faculty interest or short-term courses, neither of which are truly sustainable or replicable. We call for a multidisciplinary and more comprehensive integration of sexual and reproductive health and rights in public health education. The education of tomorrow's public health leaders is critical, and a strategy is needed to ensure that they understand and are prepared to engage with the range of sexual and reproductive health and rights issues within their historical and political contexts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  8. Fulltext Synthesis, characterization, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, molecular modeling and antioxidant activities of some novel Schiff bases derived from 1-(2-ketoiminoethyl)piperazines
    Salga SM, Ali HM, Abdullah MA, Abdelwahab SI, Wai LK, Buckle MJ, et al.
    Molecules, 2011 Nov 07;16(11):9316-30.
    PMID: 22064271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119316
    Some novel Schiff bases derived from 1-(2-ketoiminoethyl)piperazines were synthesized and characterized by mass spectroscopy, FTIR, UV-Visible, 1H and 13C-NMR. The compounds were tested for inhibitory activities on human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), antioxidant activities, acute oral toxicity and further studied by molecular modeling techniques. The study identified the compound (DHP) to have the highest activity among the series in hAChE inhibition and DPPH assay while the compound LP revealed the highest activity in the FRAP assay. The hAChE inhibitory activity of DHP is comparable with that of propidium, a known AChE inhibitor. This high activity of DHP was checked by molecular modeling which showed that DHP could not be considered as a bivalent ligand due to its incapability to occupy the esteratic site (ES) region of the 3D crystal structure of hAChE. The antioxidant study unveiled varying results in 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. This indicates mechanistic variations of the compounds in the two assays. The potential therapeutic applications and safety of these compounds were suggested for use as human acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antioxidants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  9. Real-time stability measurement system for postural control
    Gopalai AA, Senanayake SM, Kiong LC, Gouwanda D
    J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2011 Oct;15(4):453-64.
    PMID: 21943619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.10.005
    A method for assessing balance, which was sensitive to changes in the postural control system is presented. This paper describes the implementation of a force-sensing platform, with force sensing resistors as the sensing element. The platform is capable of measuring destabilized postural perturbations in dynamic and static postural conditions. Besides providing real-time qualitative assessment, the platform quantifies the postural control of the subjects. This is done by evaluating the weighted center of applied pressure distribution over time. The objective of this research was to establish the feasibility of using the force-sensing platform to test and gauge the postural control of individuals. Tests were conducted in Eye Open and Eye Close states on Flat Ground (static condition) and the balance trainer (dynamic condition). It was observed that the designed platform was able to gauge the sway experienced by the body when subject's states and conditions changed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  10. Inter-individual relationships in proboscis monkeys: a preliminary comparison with other non-human primates
    Matsuda I, Tuuga A, Bernard H, Furuichi T
    Primates, 2012 Jan;53(1):13-23.
    PMID: 21773757 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-011-0259-1
    This is the first report on inter-individual relationships within a one-male group of proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) based on detailed identification of individuals. From May 2005 to 2006, focal and ad libitum data of agonistic and grooming behaviour were collected in a forest along the Menanggul River, Sabah, Malaysia. During the study period, we collected over 1,968 h of focal data on the adult male and 1,539 h of focal data on the six females. Their social interactions, including agonistic and grooming behaviour, appeared to follow typical patterns reported for other colobines: the incidence of social interaction within groups is low. Of 39 agonistic events, 26 were displacement from sleeping places along the river, 6 were the α male threatening other monkeys to mediate quarrels between females and between females and juveniles, and 7 were displacement from feeding places. Although the agonistic behaviour matrix based on the 33 intra-group agonistic events (excluding events between adults and juveniles and between adults and infants) was indicative of non-significant linearity, there were some specific dominated individuals within the group of proboscis monkeys. Nonetheless, grooming behaviour among adult females within a group were not affected by the dominance hierarchy. This study also conducted initial comparisons of grooming patterns among proboscis monkeys and other primate species. On the basis of comparison of their grooming networks, similar grooming patterns among both-sex-disperse and male-philopatric/female-disperse species were detected. Because adult females in these species migrate to groups repeatedly, it may be difficult to establish the firm grooming exchange relationship for particular individuals within groups, unlike in female-philopatric/male-disperse species. However, grooming distribution patterns within groups among primate species were difficult to explain solely on the basis of their dispersal patterns. Newly immigrated females in some species including proboscis monkeys are eager to have social interactions with senior group members to improve their social position.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  11. The quality of life among coronary heart disease patients at a teaching hospital
    Ho SE, Ting CK, Das S, Loo CY, Rohayu AB, Khor SY, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2011;162(3):217-22.
    PMID: 21717045
    Quality of life after acute coronary heart disease amongst patients is important outcome factor in deliberations of patient's care. The main aim of the study was to examine the quality of life amongst acute CHD patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  12. The ideal measurement of the quality of life in post stroke patients: an urban study
    Samsiah M, Das S, Chee SY, Rashidah R, Siti H, Ruth P, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2011;162(3):209-15.
    PMID: 21717044
    There is paucity of literature on the measurement of the quality of life in post stroke patients in the developing countries. The main objective of this study was to determine the quality of life (QOL) of post stroke patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  13. Relationships among rat numbers, abundance of oil palm fruit and damage levels to fruit in an oil palm plantation
    Puan CL, Goldizen AW, Zakaria M, Hafidzi MN, Baxter GS
    Integr Zool, 2011 Jun;6(2):130-139.
    PMID: 21645277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00231.x
    The relationships between vertebrate pests and crop damage are often complex and difficult to study. In palm oil plantations rodents remain the major pests, causing substantial monetary losses. The present study examined the numerical and functional responses of rodents to changes in the availability of oil palm fruit and the damage associated with that response. For the study, 200 traps were set in pairs on a 10 × 10 trapping grid for 3 consecutive nights in each of 6 study plots at 8-week intervals in a 2569 ha oil palm plantation at Labu, Negeri Sembilan state in Peninsular Malaysia over 14 months. A total of 1292 individual rats were captured over 25 200 trap-nights. Animals were identified, aged, sexed, weighed and measured. An index of the relative abundance of rats was calculated based on trapping success. Damage to infructescences was assessed at each trap point. Regardless of the age of palms, there were positive and significant relationships between the relative abundance of rats and numbers of infructescences. The levels of damage to infructescences were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of rats. A steep increase in damage was observed with an increase in mature infructescences, indicating a feeding preference of rats for mature infructescences. For both males and females of all rat species, there were weak and non-significant correlations between body condition and infructescence numbers. These results indicated that there was a numerical and a functional response by rats to the availability of palm fruit and a resulting increase in depredation of oil palm fruits. The ways in which this information might aid in future pest control are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  14. Fulltext Proteomics of buccal cavity mucus in female tilapia fish (Oreochromis spp.): a comparison between parental and non-parental fish
    Iq KC, Shu-Chien AC
    PLoS One, 2011;6(4):e18555.
    PMID: 21533134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018555
    Mouthbrooding is an elaborate form of parental care displayed by many teleost species. While the direct benefits of mouthbrooding such as protection and transportation of offsprings are known, it is unclear if mouthbrooding offers additional benefits to embryos during incubation. In addition, mouthbrooding could incur negative costs on parental fish, due to limited feeding opportunities. Parental tilapia fish (Oreochromis spp.) display an elaborated form of parental care by incubating newly hatched embryos in oral buccal cavity until the complete adsorption of yolk sac. In order to understand the functional aspects of mouthbrooding, we undertake a proteomics approach to compare oral mucus sampled from mouthbrooders and non-mouthbrooders, respectively. Majority of the identified proteins have also been previously identified in other biological fluids or mucus-rich organs in different organisms. We also showed the upregulation of 22 proteins and down regulation of 3 proteins in mucus collected from mouthbrooders. Anterior gradient protein, hemoglobin beta-A chain and alpha-2 globin levels were lower in mouthbrooder samples. Mouthbrooder oral mucus collectively showed increase levels of proteins related to cytoskeletal properties, glycolytic pathway and mediation of oxidative stress. Overall the findings suggest cellular stress response, probably to support production of mucus during mouthbrooding phase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  15. Associations of serum aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct level with socio-demographic factors and aflatoxins intake from nuts and related nut products in Malaysia
    Leong YH, Rosma A, Latiff AA, Izzah AN
    Int J Hyg Environ Health, 2012 Apr;215(3):368-72.
    PMID: 22230243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.12.005
    Aflatoxins are one of the major risk factors in the multi-factorial etiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, the information on aflatoxins exposure is very important in the intervention planning in order to reduce the dietary intake of aflatoxins, especially among the children. This study investigated the relationship between aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) lysine adduct levers in serum and socio-demographic factors and dietary intake of aflatoxins from nuts and nut products in Penang, Malaysia. A cross-sectional field study was conducted in five districts of Penang. A survey on socio-demographic characteristics was administered to 364 healthy adults from the three main ethnic groups (Malay, Chinese and Indian). A total of 170 blood samples were successfully collected and tested for the level of AFB(1)-lysine adduct. 97% of the samples contained AFB(1)-lysine adduct above the detection limit of 0.4 pg/mg albumin and ranged from 0.20 to 23.16 pg/mg albumin (mean±standard deviation=7.67±4.54 pg/mg albumin; median=7.12 pg/mg albumin). There was no significant association between AFB(1)-lysine adduct levels with gender, district, education level, household number and occupation when these socio-demographic characteristics were examined according to high or low levels of AFB(1)-lysine. However, participants in the age group of 31-50 years were 3.08 times more likely to have high AFB(1) levels compared to those aged between 18 and 30 years (P=0.026). Significant difference (P=0.000) was found among different ethnic groups. Chinese and Indian participants were 3.05 and 2.35 times more likely to have high AFB(1) levels than Malay. The result of AFB(1)-lysine adduct suggested that Penang adult population is likely to be exposed to AFB(1) but at a level of less than that needed to cause direct acute illness or death.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  16. Fulltext The biology and demographic parameters of Aedes albopictus in northern peninsular Malaysia
    Aida HN, Dieng H, Ahmad AH, Satho T, Nurita AT, Salmah MR, et al.
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2011 Dec;1(6):472-7.
    PMID: 23569816 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60103-2
    OBJECTIVE: To generate life table characteristics for the dengue vector Aedes albopictus (A. albopictus) under uncontrolled conditions, incorporating both the aquatic and the adult stages.

    METHODS: Ten females derived from wild pupae were allowed to fully blood-feed on restrained mice. 774 eggs were hatched in seasoned water. F1 larvae were followed for development until their F2 counterparts emerged as adults. Some population parameters were monitored (F1) or estimated (F2).

    RESULTS: A. albopictus exhibited increased fecundity and egg hatch success. Immature development was quick. Immature survival was high, with lowest rate in the pupal stage. Adult emergence was about 81% and sex ratio was close to 1:1. Generational mortality (K) was about 28%. A high proportion of females completed a reproductive cycle and the obtained parity rate was predicted to lead to higher fecundity in the next generation.

    CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that natural A. albopictus populations in Penang seem largely determined by quick development in combination with low immature loss and increased oviposition.

    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  17. Anti-HCMV IgG positivity rate among renal transplant recipients in Baghdad
    Al-Alousy BM, Abdul-Razak SH, Al-Ajeeli KS, Al-Jashamy KA
    Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2011 Nov;22(6):1269-74.
    PMID: 22089802
    In developing countries, the majority of infection by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) occurs during childhood and continues as a latent infection. By adulthood, almost all the population may show anti-HCMV IgG as positive. This study was undertaken to determine the correlation between the prevalence of HCMV antibodies and HCMV infection during post transplant period among renal transplant patients in Baghdad. 43 renal transplant patients attending three renal transplantation centers, and 40 healthy individuals who served as controls were enrolled in this study. 18 (41.9%) were transplanted recently and they were under post-operative follow-up and 25 (58.1%) were transplanted more than one year ago. Detection of anti-HCMV IgG was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The results revealed that anti-HCMV IgG was significantly higher among renal transplant recipients compared to healthy controls (97.7% vs 85%, P = 0.04). The anti-HCMV IgG positivity rate was not affected by patients' age, sex, and duration after transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy. We conclude that the high anti-HCMV IgG positivity rate among Iraqi renal transplant recipients make them prone to considerable risk of reactivation of HCMV infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  18. Fulltext Tracheal agenesis: a rare cause of unsuccessful tracheal intubation during resuscitation
    Iszuari M, Mazita A, Tan GC, Hayati AR, Shareena I, Cheah FC
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Dec;65(4):317-8.
    PMID: 21901957
    Tracheal agenesis is a rare congenital airway anomaly that usually results in a fatal outcome. The diagnosis is usually made through post-mortem examination. In the current literature, there has been no reported long-term survival although a few reports claimed prolongation of life of several hours to days. This condition is commonly associated with premature birth, polyhydramnios and a male predominance. In 90% of the cases, it is associated with multiple cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract anomalies which are incompatible with life. We report a case of a premature newborn with severe respiratory distress, absent cry and cyanosis soon after birth. Attempts at endotracheal intubation failed as it was no possible to negotiate the tube beyond the vocal cords. Needle cricothyrotomy and attempted tracheostomy also failed to secure the airway. The diagnosis was confirmed at post-mortem examination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  19. Vocal fundamental frequency and perturbation measurements of vowels by normal Malaysian Chinese adults
    Ting HN, Chia SY, Kim KS, Sim SL, Abdul Hamid B
    J Voice, 2011 Nov;25(6):e311-7.
    PMID: 21376529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.05.004
    The acoustic properties of vowel phonation vary across cultures. These specific characteristics, including vowel fundamental frequency (F(0)) and perturbation measures (Absolute Jitter [Jita], Jitter [Jitt], Relative Average Perturbation [RAP], five-point Period Perturbation Quotient [PPQ5], Absolute Shimmer [ShdB], Shimmer [Shim], and 11-point Amplitude Perturbation Quotient [APQ11]) are not well established for Malaysian Chinese adults. This article investigates the F(0) and perturbation measurements of sustained vowels in 60 normal Malaysian Chinese adults using acoustical analysis. Malaysian Chinese females had significantly higher F(0) than Malaysian males in all six vowels. However, there were no significant differences in F(0) across the vowels for each gender. Significant differences between vowels were observed for Jita, Jitt, PPQ5, ShdB, Shim, and APQ11 among Chinese males, whereas significant differences between vowels were observed for all the perturbation parameters among Chinese females. Chinese males had significantly higher Jita and APQ11 in the vowels than Chinese females, whereas no significant differences were observed between males and females for Jitt, RAP, PPQ5, and Shim. Cross-ethnic comparisons indicate that F(0) of vowel phonation varies within the Chinese ethnic group and across other ethnic groups. The perturbation measures cannot be simply compared, where the measures may vary significantly across different speech analysis softwares.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
  20. Pattern of weight changes in women with breast cancer
    Yaw YH, Kandiah M, Shariff ZM, Mun CY, Hashim Z, Yusof RM, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(6):1535-40.
    PMID: 21338193
    This study describes weight changes experienced by Malaysian women with breast cancer. Women with breast cancer (n=368) were recruited from eight hospitals and four breast cancer support groups in Peninsular Malaysia. Current weight was measured and weight at the time of diagnosis and a year preceding diagnosis were based on self-reports. Change in weight was determined from the year preceding breast cancer diagnosis to study entry (time 1), at the time of diagnosis to study entry (time 2) and from a year preceding breast cancer diagnosis to the time of diagnosis (time 3). Current body mass index, at a year preceding diagnosis and at the time of diagnosis were determined. Waist circumference was also measured. The sample comprised 57% Malay, 34% Chinese and 9.8% Indian women. The mean age of the women was 54 ∓ 9.04 years and over 80% were post-menopausal. Majority of the women were in stage I and stage II breast cancer at the time of diagnosis. The most common treatments received by these women were chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and mastectomy. Overweight and obesity were prevalent in over 40% of the survivors at all three periods. Significant weight changes were observed during time 1 (-0.74 ∓ 4.78kg, p< 0.001), time 2 (2.73 ∓ 8.06kg, p< 0.001) and time 3 (3.47 ∓ 7.53kg, p< 0.001). At time 1, almost 50% showed no changes in their weight. At time 2, nearly two-thirds had gained weight and at time 3, 69% had gained weight, abdominal obesity was observed in nearly two-thirds of the women at study entry. A significant difference in weight change among age groups was observed in time 2 and time 3. All ethnic groups had significant weight change in time 1 and time 2. Significant weight gain was observed in relation to body mass index prior to diagnosis, at diagnosis and at study entry. However, no significant difference in weight change by educational level, family history of cancer and cancer stages were observed in all 3 periods. In conclusion, significant weight gain was evident in this sample of women after diagnosis of breast cancer and treatment. Women with breast cancer should be encouraged to maintain normal body mass index and waist circumference through appropriate diet and regular physical activity which may help to reduce their risk of recurrence, secondary cancer and metastasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female
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