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Impact of age and breast thickness on mean glandular dose of standard digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis

Norsuddin NM, Mei Sin JG, Ravintaran R, Arasaratnam S, Abdul Karim MK

Appl Radiat Isot, 2023 Feb;192:110525.
PMID: 36436228 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110525

This study compares the mean glandular dose (MGD) across 2D, 3D projection and Contrast-Enhanced Digital Mammography (CEDM) mammographic techniques. The important metadata were extracted from the digital mammography console. 650 subjects were clustered based on projections, age and CBT. The MGD of 2D, 3D, and CEDM was positively correlated with CBT but inversely correlated with the age factor. This study indicate MGD of CEDM was 16% and 22% lower compared to 2D and 3D techniques, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Explainable AI in Scene Understanding for Autonomous Vehicles in Unstructured Traffic Environments on Indian Roads Using the Inception U-Net Model with Grad-CAM Visualization

Kolekar S, Gite S, Pradhan B, Alamri A

Sensors (Basel), 2022 Dec 10;22(24).
PMID: 36560047 DOI: 10.3390/s22249677

The intelligent transportation system, especially autonomous vehicles, has seen a lot of interest among researchers owing to the tremendous work in modern artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, especially deep neural learning. As a result of increased road accidents over the last few decades, significant industries are moving to design and develop autonomous vehicles. Understanding the surrounding environment is essential for understanding the behavior of nearby vehicles to enable the safe navigation of autonomous vehicles in crowded traffic environments. Several datasets are available for autonomous vehicles focusing only on structured driving environments. To develop an intelligent vehicle that drives in real-world traffic environments, which are unstructured by nature, there should be an availability of a dataset for an autonomous vehicle that focuses on unstructured traffic environments. Indian Driving Lite dataset (IDD-Lite), focused on an unstructured driving environment, was released as an online competition in NCPPRIPG 2019. This study proposed an explainable inception-based U-Net model with Grad-CAM visualization for semantic segmentation that combines an inception-based module as an encoder for automatic extraction of features and passes to a decoder for the reconstruction of the segmentation feature map. The black-box nature of deep neural networks failed to build trust within consumers. Grad-CAM is used to interpret the deep-learning-based inception U-Net model to increase consumer trust. The proposed inception U-net with Grad-CAM model achieves 0.622 intersection over union (IoU) on the Indian Driving Dataset (IDD-Lite), outperforming the state-of-the-art (SOTA) deep neural-network-based segmentation models.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext At the heart of the problem: congestive cardiac failure as a cause of ascites: A narrative review

Goh ZNL, Teo RYL, Chung BK, Wong AC, Seak CJ

Medicine (Baltimore), 2022 Aug 05;101(31):e29951.
PMID: 35945724 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029951

Heart failure leading to cardiac ascites is an extremely rare and underrecognized entity in clinical practice. Recognizing cardiac ascites can be difficult, especially since patients presenting with ascites may have more than 1 etiology. Various biomarkers are available to aid in the diagnosis of cardiac ascites, though with differing sensitivities and specificities. Such biomarkers include serum albumin, ascitic albumin and protein, as well as serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). While serum NT-proBNP is a powerful biomarker in distinguishing the etiology of ascites and monitoring treatment progression, its cost can be prohibitive in low-resource settings. Clinicians practicing under these circumstances may opt to rely on other parameters to manage their patients. We go on further to report a series of 3 patients with cardiac ascites to illustrate how these biomarkers may be employed in the management of this patient population. Clinicians should always keep in mind the differential diagnosis of cardiac failure as a cause of ascites. The resolution of cardiac ascites may serve as a surrogate clinical marker for response to antifailure therapy in lieu of NT-proBNP at resource-scarce centers.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Dissent and the right to protest in context of global health

Khosla R, McCoy D

BMJ Glob Health, 2022 Dec;7(12).
PMID: 36581334 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011540
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Prevalence and risk factors contributing to recidivism among patients admitted to Forensic Unit Hospital Permai Johor Bahru Malaysia

Jacob MFF, Razali S, Ali NF, Khamis J, Ahmad Y

Asian J Psychiatr, 2023 Jan;79:103325.
PMID: 36395701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103325
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
The Current State of Neurosurgery in Afghanistan

Ammar A, Nawabi NLA, Hamzah R, Berger C, Jaweed M, Park KB, et al.

World Neurosurg, 2023 Jan;169:110-117.e1.
PMID: 36270595 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.10.048

BACKGROUND: Afghanistan has suffered through conflicts that have detrimentally impacted its health care systems. The countries' neurosurgeons have worked through wars and political upheavals to build solid practices and handle large caseloads with minimal supplies and almost no modern tools. Understanding the current state of neurosurgery in Afghanistan and the challenges faced by Afghan physicians and patients is critical to improving the country's healthcare capacity.
METHODS: To assess neurosurgery research in Afghanistan, searches were conducted in databases for articles originating from Afghanistan neurosurgeons and/or neurosurgery departments. We developed a 30-question English-language survey to assess the current state of neurosurgical capacity. Surveys were distributed to neurosurgeons throughout Afghanistan via email with the assistance of our English-speaking Afghan neurosurgical colleagues.
RESULTS: The neurosurgical disease burden of Afghanistan is poorly understood due to the lack of centralized and accessible databases. There are an estimated 124 neurosurgeons in the country based on modeled data. Surveys showed that government hospitals are poorly equipped, with private and military hospitals having access to slightly more modernized equipment but less accessible to the general population. The country lacks neurosurgery research with only 15 papers discovered through database searches deemed relevant to neurosurgery with Afghan affiliations.
CONCLUSIONS: Afghanistan is facing existential humanitarian threats. Developing the country's neurosurgical capacity and general health care capabilities is crucial. Emphasis on training physicians and establishing communication routes, and aid deliverance with the country and its leaders is key to overcoming the many crises it faces.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Unraveling POLN germline mutations in familial nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Complementary evidence from gene association and molecular studies

Chong PP

EBioMedicine, 2022 Dec;86:104326.
PMID: 36335666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104326
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
A new Febuxostat-Telmisartan Drug-Drug Cocrystal for Gout-Hypertension Combination Therapy

Ganesan T, Muthudoss P, Voguri RS, Ghosal S, Ann EYC, Kwok J, et al.

J Pharm Sci, 2022 Dec;111(12):3318-3326.
PMID: 36028135 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.022

Drug-drug cocrystalllization is a novel mechanism for effective pharmacological combination therapy. In this work, we have demonstrated the preparation of a drug-drug cocrystal of a hypertension drug (Telmisartan; TEL) with a hyperuricemia drug (Febuxostat; FEB) in 1:1 molar ratio using a solvent evaporation method for the first time. Generally, a multi-component system may yield either a eutectic, salt, and/or a cocrystal. This study adopted a methodical orthogonal framework to analyze the final solid form. A single crystal X-ray structural investigation revealed the formation of a heterosynthon with carboxylic and benzimidazole groups of FEB and TEL, respectively, in the triclinic P-1 space group. ΔpKa of the heterosynthon is ∼1.5, hence, based on the empirical rules, a salt-cocrystal continuum is hypothesized. Further, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy were employed to corroborate the hydrogen bond formation in the heterosynthon (-N---H-O-), which confirmed the propensity for cocrystal formation. An accelerated stability study and an in vitro biorelevant dissolution study of the cocrystal were performed, which demonstrated that it is physiochemically stable, but it resulted in a slower dissolution rate when compared with plain drugs.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
A Unifying Perspective in Blunting the Limited Oral Bioavailability of Curcumin: A Succinct Look

Balakumar P, Alqahtani T, Alqahtani A, Lakshmiraj RS, Singh G, Rupeshkumar M, et al.

Curr Drug Metab, 2022;23(11):897-904.
PMID: 36017834 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220825101212

BACKGROUND: Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound derived from rhizomes of Curcuma longa, the golden spice. Curcumin has drawn much attention in recent years of biomedical research owing to its wide variety of biologic and pharmacologic actions. It exerts antiproliferative, antifibrogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects, among various imperative pharmacologic actions. In spite of its well-documented efficacies against numerous disease conditions, the limited systemic bioavailability of curcumin is a continuing concern. Perhaps, the poor bioavailability of curcumin may have curtailed its significant development from kitchen to clinic as a potential therapeutic agent. Subsequently, there have been a considerable number of studies over decades researching the scientific basis of curcumin's reduced bioavailability and eventually improvement of its bioavailability employing a variety of therapeutic approaches, for instance, in combination with piperine, the bio-active constituent of black pepper. Piperine has remarkable potential to modulate the functional activity of metabolic enzymes and drug transporters, and thus there has been a great interest in the therapeutic application of this widely used spice as alternative medicine and bioavailability enhancer. Growing body of evidence supports the synergistic potential of curcumin against numerous pathologic conditions when administered with piperine.
CONCLUSION: In light of current challenges, the major concern pertaining to poor systemic bioavailability of curcumin, its improvement, especially in combination with piperine, and the necessity of additional research in this setting are together described in this review. Besides, the recent advances in the potential therapeutic rationale and efficacy of curcumin-piperine combination, a promising duo, against various pathologic conditions are delineated.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Improvising humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange during rigid bronchoscopy

Chan WK, Liu CY

Br J Anaesth, 2023 Jan;130(1):e27-e29.
PMID: 35738940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.05.016
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Status of cosmetic safety in Malaysia market: Mercury contamination in selected skin whitening products

Wan Mohamed Radzi CWJ, Nordin FNM

J Cosmet Dermatol, 2022 Dec;21(12):6875-6882.
PMID: 36181345 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15429

BACKGROUND: Concern on cosmetic safety has been a subject of interest in recent years and is commonly associated with the exposure of the consumers to chemicals and impurities such as mercury contamination. Moreover, cancellations of notified cosmetic products were recurrently being reported by the Malaysia authority, namely the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Authority (NPRA). Among the cosmetic categories was skin whitening product, which is still in high demand whilst reported to cause health risks. Besides, low number of studies on cosmetic safety and mercury contamination were recorded in Malaysia. The lack of scientific evidence on the safety and risks of the ingredients used in cosmetic formulation is a major concern to many consumers.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the presence of mercury in skin whitening products, and to identify products containing mercury with the concentration exceeding the limitation of 1 ppm.
METHODOLOGY: A total of 104 whitening products were selected from the market via random sampling technique. The mercury concentration was determined by accredited laboratory, and the results were later compared with the cosmetic guideline of Malaysia and the list of banned products issued by NPRA.
RESULTS: A total of 51.9% (n = 54) whitening products were found registered under the NPRA Quest system and remaining 48.1% (n = 50) were non-registered products. None of the whitening products listed mercury as an ingredient, but laboratory analysis showed 15.4% (n = 16) of the products contained mercury with the concentration exceeding the maximum limit of 1 ppm. A total of 87.5% of the whitening products (14 out of 16) containing high mercury concentration were non-registered products which were not registered in NPRA Quest system. The exceeded concentration recorded ranged between 1.81 ppm and 838 123 ppm. Besides that, 50% (8 out of 16) of the products were found in the list of banned products issued by the NPRA of Malaysia.
CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the status of cosmetic products, particularly the skin whitening products available in Malaysia market. Concern arises when some of the products were found to have presence of harmful substances such as mercury. Even though the presence of mercury in a cosmetic product can either be non-intentional or intentionally used by the manufacturer in the cosmetic formulation, the impact of the ingredient can cause health risk to the users.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Cardiomyopathy following COVID-19 vaccination in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

Bhullar AK, Chew ZC, Ong PS, Khor CG, Mohd Amin NH

Mod Rheumatol Case Rep, 2023 Jan 03;7(1):87-91.
PMID: 36069645 DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxac070

There are an increasing number of reports of myocarditis associated with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. We describe the case of a female patient with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus, who developed heart failure symptoms following a second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Despite her history of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, the disease remained stable after she began rituximab treatment. She underwent serial transthoracic echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of cardiomyopathy. She showed improvement in cardiac function after treatment with glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Effectiveness of education intervention of tuberculosis treatment adherence in Khartoum State: A study protocol for a randomized control trial

Khamis KM, Kadir Shahar H, Abdul Manaf R, Hamdan HM

PLoS One, 2022;17(11):e0277888.
PMID: 36441678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277888

BACKGROUND: Treatment failure and disease relapse among tuberculosis (TB) patients are commonly caused by non-adherence. It can lead to prolonged infection, increased transmission, drug resistance, and loss of life. Even though the causative microorganism of TB has been identified for more than a century, the disease is still a substantial public health problem worldwide. This research aims to devise, implement, and assess an educational intervention to improve adherence to TB treatment.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: A randomised clinical trial involving 146 Sudanese TB patients will be conducted at the Abu Anga hospital in Khartoum. The participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. A 2-hour session will be offered to the intervention group in a one-day TB educational intervention course. The same educational materials will also be provided to the control group after the randomised controlled trial (RCT). Data will be collected at baseline, one month, and four months after the intervention. The primary outcome of interest is TB treatment adherence, while secondary outcomes include quality of life score, tuberculosis knowledge, and health belief domains. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) in SPSS software version 25.0 will be utilised to evaluate the changes over time.
CONCLUSIONS: This trial will provide information that could be used in improving TB control strategies to achieve better results in the adherence of healthcare services to the norms of the National Program and patient adherence to the disease treatment and cure.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at TCTR: (TCTR20210607006).

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students

Zhao H, Rafik-Galea S, Fitriana M, Song TJ

PLoS One, 2022;17(11):e0278092.
PMID: 36445890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278092

BACKGROUND: Smartphone addiction is very prevalent among college students, especially Chinese college students, and it can cause many psychological problems for college students. However, there is no valid research instrument to evaluate Chinese college students' smartphone addiction.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to translate the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) into Chinese and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Smartphone Addiction Scale- Chinese Short version (SAS-CSV) among Chinese college students.
METHODS: The SAS-SV was translated into Chinese using the forward-backward method. The SAS-CSV was completed by 557 Chinese college students (sample 1: n = 279; sample 2: n = 278). 62 college students were randomly selected from the 557 Chinese college students to be meas- ured twice, with an interval of two weeks. The reliability of the SAS-CSV was evaluated by internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability, and the validity of the SAS-CSV was evaluated by content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity.
RESULTS: The SAS-CSV presented good content validity, high internal consistency (sample 1: α = 0.829; sample 2: α = 0.881), and good test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.975; 95% CI: 0.966-0.985). After one exploratory factor analysis, three components (tolerance, withdrawal, and negative effect) with eigenvalues greater than 1 were obtained, and the cumulative variance contribution was 50.995%. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that all the fit indexes reached the standard of good model fit (χ2/df = 1.883, RMSEA = 0.056, NFI = 0.954, RFI = 0.935, IFI = 0.978, TLI = 0.969, CFI = 0.978). The SAS-CSV presented good convergent validity for the factor loading of all the items ranged from 0.626 to 0.892 (higher than 0.50), the three latent variables' AVE ranged from 0.524 to 0.637 (higher than 0.50), and the three latent variables' CR ranged from 0.813 to 0.838 (higher than 0.70). Moreover, the square roots of the AVE of component 1 (tolerance), component 2 (withdrawal) and component 3 (negative effect) were 0.724, 0.778, and 0.798, respectively, higher than they were with other correlation coefficients, indicating that the SAS-CSV had good discrimination validity.
CONCLUSION: The SAS-CSV is a valid instrument for measuring smartphone addiction among Chinese college students.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Mesh erosion into skin following laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair

Soon CY, Siow SL

BMJ Case Rep, 2023 Jan 03;16(1).
PMID: 36596626 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254011

With increasing utilisation of meshes in inguinal hernia repair, reports of mesh-related complications are emerging, particularly late visceral complications, with mesh migration and erosion into the small bowel, bladder and colon reported after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair. We present a case of spontaneous mesh migration through the superficial inguinal ring with skin erosion following TEP inguinal hernia repair, the first published report in the literature to our knowledge. This case highlights the difficulty in diagnosis due to the long latent period of hernia repair and the onset of erosion. A high index of suspicion is required when diagnosing any patient who presents with an unexplained groin abscess following ipsilateral TEP repair. CT scan should be performed early for diagnosis and assessment. Removal of the migrated portion of the mesh, antibiotic therapy and secondary wound closure are strategies for the successful treatment of this complication.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Asian Young Doctors Session at the 64th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Gynecologic Oncology (JSGO): Educational Initiatives in the Next Generation for a New Era after the COVID-19 Pandemic

Kobayashi Y, Komatsu H, Isobe M, Meena J, Weng CS, Kim SI, et al.

J Gynecol Oncol, 2023 Jan;34(1):e22.
PMID: 36509465 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2023.34.e22
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Text mining in mosquito-borne disease: A systematic review

Ong SQ, Pauzi MBM, Gan KH

Acta Trop, 2022 Jul;231:106447.
PMID: 35430265 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106447

Mosquito-borne diseases are emerging and re-emerging across the globe, especially after the COVID19 pandemic. The recent advances in text mining in infectious diseases hold the potential of providing timely access to explicit and implicit associations among information in the text. In the past few years, the availability of online text data in the form of unstructured or semi-structured text with rich content of information from this domain enables many studies to provide solutions in this area, e.g., disease-related knowledge discovery, disease surveillance, early detection system, etc. However, a recent review of text mining in the domain of mosquito-borne disease was not available to the best of our knowledge. In this review, we survey the recent works in the text mining techniques used in combating mosquito-borne diseases. We highlight the corpus sources, technologies, applications, and the challenges faced by the studies, followed by the possible future directions that can be taken further in this domain. We present a bibliometric analysis of the 294 scientific articles that have been published in Scopus and PubMed in the domain of text mining in mosquito-borne diseases, from the year 2016 to 2021. The papers were further filtered and reviewed based on the techniques used to analyze the text related to mosquito-borne diseases. Based on the corpus of 158 selected articles, we found 27 of the articles were relevant and used text mining in mosquito-borne diseases. These articles covered the majority of Zika (38.70%), Dengue (32.26%), and Malaria (29.03%), with extremely low numbers or none of the other crucial mosquito-borne diseases like chikungunya, yellow fever, West Nile fever. Twitter was the dominant corpus resource to perform text mining in mosquito-borne diseases, followed by PubMed and LexisNexis databases. Sentiment analysis was the most popular technique of text mining to understand the discourse of the disease and followed by information extraction, which dependency relation and co-occurrence-based approach to extract relations and events. Surveillance was the main usage of most of the reviewed studies and followed by treatment, which focused on the drug-disease or symptom-disease association. The advance in text mining could improve the management of mosquito-borne diseases. However, the technique and application posed many limitations and challenges, including biases like user authentication and language, real-world implementation, etc. We discussed the future direction which can be useful to expand this area and domain. This review paper contributes mainly as a library for text mining in mosquito-borne diseases and could further explore the system for other neglected diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Virtual Learning during COVID-19: Exploring Challenges and Identifying Highly Vulnerable Groups Based on Location

Jafar A, Dollah R, Dambul R, Mittal P, Ahmad SA, Sakke N, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Sep 05;19(17).
PMID: 36078822 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711108

Amid the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2020, educational platforms have been forced to change and adapt from conventional physical learning to virtual learning. Nearly all higher learning institutions worldwide are forced to follow the new educational setting through virtual platforms. Sabah is one of the poorest states in Malaysia with the poorest infrastructure, with the technology and communication facilities in the state remaining inept. With the changes in virtual platforms in all higher education institutions in Malaysia, higher learning institutions in Sabah are expected to follow the lead, despite the state lagging in its development. This has certainly impacted the overall productivity and performance of students in Sabah. Therefore, this study aims to explore the challenges of the implementation of virtual learning among students in Sabah. More specifically, this study seeks to identify vulnerable groups among students based on their geographical location. To achieve the objective of this study, a survey has been conducted on a total of 1,371 students in both private and public higher learning institutions in Sabah. The sample selection for this study was determined using a purposive sampling technique. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), it was found that there are five challenges in virtual learning faced by students in higher learning institutions in Sabah. These are the unconducive learning environment (var(X) = 20.12%), the deterioration of physical health (var(X) = 13.40%), the decline of mental health (var(X) = 12.10%), the limited educational facilities (var(X) = 10.14%) and social isolation (var(X) = 7.47%). The K-Means Clustering analysis found that there are six student clusters in Sabah (Cluster A, B, C, D, E & F), each of which faces different challenges in participating in virtual learning. Based on the assessment of location, almost half of the total number of districts in Sabah are dominated by students from Cluster A (9 districts) and Cluster B (4 districts). More worryingly, both Cluster A and Cluster B are classified as highly vulnerable groups in relation to the implementation of virtual learning. The results of this study can be used by the local authorities and policymakers in Malaysia to improve the implementation of virtual learning in Sabah so that the education system can be more effective and systematic. Additionally, the improvement and empowerment of the learning environment are crucial to ensuring education is accessible and inclusive for all societies, in line with the fourth of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-4).

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
The secretory phenotypes of envenomed cells: Insights into venom cytotoxicity

Yong Y, Hiu JJ, Yap MKK

Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol, 2023;133:193-230.
PMID: 36707202 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.08.001

Snake envenomation is listed as Category A Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) by World Health Organization, indicates a severe public health problem. The global figures for envenomation cases are estimated to be more than 1.8 million annually. Even if the affected victims survive the envenomation, they might suffer from permanent morbidity due to local envenomation. One of the most prominent local envenomation is dermonecrosis. Dermonecrosis is a pathophysiological outcome of envenomation that often causes disability in the victims due to surgical amputations, deformities, contracture, and chronic ulceration. The key venom toxins associated with this local symptom are mainly attributed to substantial levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic toxins as well as their possible synergistic actions. Despite so, the severity of the local tissue damage is based on macroscopic observation of the bite areas. Furthermore, limited knowledge is known about the key biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of dermonecrosis. The current immunotherapy with antivenom is also ineffective against dermonecrosis. These local effects eventually end up as sequelae. There is also a global shortage of toxins-targeted therapeutics attributed to inadequate knowledge of the actual molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity. This chapter discusses the characterization of secretory phenotypes of dermonecrosis as an advanced tool to indicate its severity and pathogenesis in envenomation. Altogether, the secretory phenotypes of envenomed cells and tissues represent the precise characteristics of dermonecrosis caused by venom toxins.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Discernment on assistive technology for the care and support requirements of older adults and differently-abled individuals

Muthu P, Tan Y, Latha S, Dhanalakshmi S, Lai KW, Wu X

Front Public Health, 2022;10:1030656.
PMID: 36699937 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1030656

Assistive technology for the differently abled and older adults has made remarkable achievements in providing rehabilitative, adaptive, and assistive devices. It provides huge assistance for people with physical impairments to lead a better self-reliant daily life, in terms of mobility, education, rehabilitation, etc. This technology ranges from simple hand-held devices to complex robotic accessories which promote the individual's independence. This study aimed at identifying the assistance required by differently-abled individuals, and the solutions proposed by different researchers, and reviewed their merits and demerits. It provides a detailed discussion on the state of art assistive technologies, their applications, challenges, types, and their usage for rehabilitation. The study also identifies different unexplored research areas related to assistive technology that can improve the daily life of individuals and advance the field. Despite their high usage, assistive technologies have some limitations which have been briefly described in the study. This review, therefore, can help understand the utilization, and pros and cons of assistive devices in rehabilitation engineering and assistive technologies.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

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